Source 丨21 Healthnews21 original work
Author 丨 Zhu Ping Intern Wang Xinyi
Editor 丨Xu Xu
Image source 丨 Figureworm
"As early as the Western Han Dynasty, there were written records of ski-related activities, and there have been more than 2,000 years of sports ice and snow in China. However, from the current statistics, skiing is a sport with a relatively high injury rate and serious damage in various sports, and the damage rate of professional athletes is about 2 times that of ordinary people. Recently, Professor Yang Yuping, an expert of the medical security group of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and the chief physician of the Sports Medicine Department of the Third Hospital of Peking University (hereinafter referred to as the "Third Hospital of Peking University"), pointed out at the sports medicine public health education activity jointly organized by the China Primary Health Care Foundation and Johnson & Johnson Medical.
Ski accidents are also frequently reported. For example, at the age of 44, Schumacher had an accident while skiing in the ski resort of Méribel in the French Alps, resulting in a perennial coma. Therefore, there is also a saying that "the end of the ski slope is a hospital". However, Yang Yuping also gave another set of data: of the patients treated surgically by the Institute of Sports Medicine of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical College, only 5.7% were athletes, and about 94% were ordinary people. "They are the majority of sports injuries injured, and they should understand the relevant scientific knowledge."
In this regard, Wang Xuesong, chief physician of the Department of Sports Medicine of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital and a national member of the Sports Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, told the 21st Century Business Herald that with the in-depth implementation of the national strategy of national fitness, the enthusiasm of the whole people for sports is increasing, and in the process there are more and more sports injuries. "The main clinical manifestations of sports injuries are divided into acute and chronic phases. Without timely professional care, acute injuries often turn into chronic injuries, limiting patients' motor function and reducing quality of life. Self-treatment should be avoided, and the help of a professional physician should be sought in a timely manner, and actively cooperate with treatment and rehabilitation. ”
Dai Xuesong, chief physician of the Department of Orthopedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, also told the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that at present, the people are participating in more and more sports, but at the same time, they also lack popular knowledge about sports health and scientific sports, so that sports medicine should be more to the public, so that more people can understand sports medicine and can seek medical treatment in time.
"At the end of the ski slope is a hospital?"
With the advent of the Beijing Winter Olympics, the mainland has also made full preparations for the treatment of athletes' injuries.
Wang Xuesong introduced to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that in order to better protect the athletes of the Winter Olympics, the state has mobilized a lot of strength and set up special hospitals in different venues. In the event of an injury to an ice and snow athlete, the first generation of ski doctors will ski to the rescue. And each village has a corresponding clinic and a perfect diagnosis mechanism, which can transport them to the hospital in time.
"There are special hospitals in different venues for protection, such as Yanqing area is mainly alpine downhill skiing, like this kind of high-speed skiing sports are often more serious injuries, not only limb injuries, may be more cerebral injuries, spine injuries, or upper limb fractures and other more serious injuries, lower limbs are knee joint ligament injuries are more common." Wang Xuesong introduced.
At the same time, Yang Yuping told the 21st Century Business Herald that compared with the Summer Olympic Games, there are many differences or even more difficulties in the treatment of athletes in the Winter Olympics. In the Summer Olympics, most of the sports are carried out in the venue, the doctor can be on standby, as soon as there is an emergency can immediately reach the injured athlete's side; but in the Winter Olympics, many events are carried out on extremely long pistes, if the athlete is injured, it is difficult for the ski doctor to reach the injured athlete within a few seconds, and even face the interference of environmental factors such as snow, wind, and low temperatures.
"So the Winter Olympics require you to reach the athletes within 4 minutes, which is a very fast speed within 3 minutes, and some when skiing in the wild, ambulance crews can't go to the side and must use helicopter rescue to rescue athletes." Yang Yuping said that the Chongli Branch of the Third Hospital of Peking University has a tarmac to meet the treatment needs of the Winter Olympics.
The preparation and publicity of the Winter Olympics has also promoted the popularization of ice and snow sports, and more and more publics have begun to contact ice and snow sports. In 2018, the State General Administration of Sport promulgated the implementation outline to bring 300 million people to participate in ice and snow sports. According to a recent survey released by the state, 346 million people have participated in ice and snow sports.
In Yang Yuping's view, the development of ice and snow sports in the mainland must be in the ascendant, but at the same time, the responsibility of doctors is also relatively heavy, because statistics show that skiing is a sport with a relatively high injury rate and serious damage in all kinds of sports.
Yang Yuping told the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that China also has its own ski injury data, such as professional athletes are about 2 times the injury rate of ordinary people, and the most damaged by both professional athletes and ordinary people is the injury to the head and neck, and the second part is the joint, of which the knee joint accounts for 8% of the injury rate.
Yang Yuping also further explained the causes of injuries in the top three:
The first cause of injury was more than 55% of technical errors. For example, many people are actually not very good at skiing or when they just ski, they have to go to the ice and snow fields or even to other cities, in fact, the ski damage caused by mistakes is particularly large, so it is prompted that everyone should learn the basic skills well, especially after finding some professional coaches, and then go to the ski resort.
The second cause of injury was an accidental collision. When skiing, it is found that many high-level people can also be injured, because usually on the slopes, suddenly there are low-level skiers injured and fall, and high-level people stumble instead, which is close to a quarter, prompting everyone to pay attention to their position and technology on the slopes.
The third cause of damage was temperature. At present, we look especially in the plain area, the winter temperature is relatively low, the summit can reach minus -30 degrees, so some people can suddenly have damage, we must pay attention to the problem of protection, the problem of heat preservation, so in addition to the material factors on the ski, that is, our ski equipment and protective gear, we must avoid the three situations just mentioned in the human factor, greatly reducing ski damage.
Say goodbye to the "Weekend Warrior"
In addition to the Winter Olympics in 2022, there will be the Asian Games to be held in Hangzhou, and at the same time, with the in-depth implementation of the national strategy of national fitness, the enthusiasm for national sports is increasing. According to the National Fitness Program released by the State Council, nearly 600 million people will regularly participate in sports by 2025, based on a population of 1.4 billion.
However, Wang Xuesong also pointed out that while there are more national fitness sports, the sports injuries caused by them have also increased, and the incidence of sports injuries for ordinary people is also increasing, among which there are also many cognitive misunderstandings about sports injuries, and there is not much understanding of sports medicine itself.
According to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter, some patients often palliative treatment when acute injuries occur, and do not seek formal professional medical services, and many do not go to the sports medicine department, which may eventually evolve into chronic injuries and even seriously affect the quality of life.
At the same time, the public currently knows less about the subject of sports medicine, and it is not clear which symptoms should be seen in the sports medicine department. Dai Xuesong pointed out that sports-related injuries can all be considered for sports medicine consultation. Sports medicine covers a wide range, whether it is a sports injury to the spine and joints, or structural injuries such as muscles, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, and even sports-related mental diseases, you can go to the sports medicine specialist clinic for treatment.
"Sports medicine targets bone and joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments or meniscus, etc., which may be damaged in the case of abnormal or unscientific exercise, and now this trend is increasing." Dai Xuesong pointed out to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter that the country now wants to achieve the goal of national health and healthy China, and many ordinary people are participating in the movement, which involves how to move safely and scientifically.
Moreover, it should be emphasized that sports medicine is not a patent for young people, but also for the elderly. Generally over forty or fifty years old people muscle, bone, ligament function began to decline, including the body's balance, flexibility, coordination are declining, not necessarily sports, there are some seemingly ordinary sports in life, it is possible to cause such damage, which also belongs to the category of sports medicine.
Yang Yuping gave an example of a common sports scene: in a basketball game, a team fell behind, and in order to help his team recover the score, a veteran who had been on the field appeared. Although he performed well, his knee was quickly injured. This is the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, one of the highest injury rates in sports medicine.
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones at both ends and are an important interface to ensure the stability of joints and bones in the human body, while cruciate ligaments play a role in the rapid and rotational movement of the human body.
For ligament rupture, Yang Yuping pointed out that "suturing ligaments" is a big misunderstanding, and reconstructive surgery is actually the best choice. The so-called reconstructive surgery involves removing two tendons from the inside of the thigh, laying a bone tunnel on the bone, and putting the ligaments back inside. Over a period of six months to a year, these two tendons can change from an inanimate tendon tissue to a ligament similar to the anterior cruciate ligament.
"Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is the disease with the highest injury rate and surgery rate in the sports medicine community, accounting for one-third of all the surgical volume in the Institute of Sports Medicine of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical College, and we have about 3,000-4,000 cases of reconstruction surgery for anterior cruciate ligament a year." Yang Yuping introduced.
In life, there are many people who are similar to injured "basketball veterans" and are called "weekend warriors". On weekdays, they are busy with work and socializing, and have less sports, but once they want to play for the team when they have an important game, they will be injured because they have not adapted to high-intensity sports for a long time. Therefore, "office workers" who usually neglect exercise must be cautious about participating in strenuous exercise and do a good job of warm-up exercise.
In fact, sports injuries do not only appear in sports competitions, sometimes a simple life scene can cause injuries. Meniscal injuries are another common form of sports injury, especially for the elderly. There are many elderly people who say that "I just went up the stairs and sprained the meniscus", "I did not suffer from the impact and impact of external forces, but when I went to the hospital to check, I found that the meniscus was damaged".
Wang Cedar pointed out that because the meniscus of the elderly has degenerated, it is more likely to be damaged.
The meniscus is a structure of fibrochondria sandwiched between the femur and tibia, which can disperse joint pressure, increase joint stability, and play a buffering role; at the same time, it also secretes some synovial fluid, which has a certain nutritional effect. Wang Xuesong said that with the increase of age, the local moisture of the meniscus will decrease, the elasticity will decrease, and its ability to carry loads will also decrease. In this case, a very light twist on the knee joint may also cause the meniscus to be squeezed and damaged. In young people, meniscal injuries can be caused by shock or violent reversal.
It should be noted that the blood supply inside the meniscus is extremely inexhaustible, and once injured, it is almost impossible to heal on its own. Therefore, once there is a repeated long-term swelling after a sprain of the knee joint, and it is aggravated after exercise, it is necessary to go to the hospital in time for a magnetic resonance examination, and once the meniscal injury is determined, most patients need surgery.
In addition to the meniscus, other joints of the human body also degenerate due to age. Once there are sudden pain symptoms that cannot be relieved, be sure to go to the hospital as soon as possible. Dai Xuesong said that timely diagnosis and treatment will not worsen the condition. "Many patients always thought that they could get through with some medicine, but in many cases, they did not go according to their wishes, and then they came to our hospital when they could not sleep all night."
"We need to apply our expertise to patients with such sports injuries so that patients can get early diagnosis and treatment, excellent medical services." Dai Xuesong pointed out to the 21st Century Business Herald reporter.