This question can be answered both philosophically and physically.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > philosophical level:</h1>
This world is a material-based world, and motion is an inherent property of matter itself, so the whole world is in motion. Whether macro or micro, it is in motion all the time. But from a philosophical level, motion and stillness are a pair of contradictions, and in this contradiction, motion is dominant, absolute, and stillness is secondary and relative.
The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus famously said, "Man cannot step into the same river twice," and this is the truth. Because the river is flowing all the time, the water, the riverbed, the impurities in the water are changing. When a person steps into this river for the second time, the river is no longer the original river.
But dialectical materialism acknowledges that it is relatively static, that is, everything has a recognizable side, there is a staged process of quantitative change, if this is not recognized, it is "impossible for man to step into a river at once." This argument holds that since the river is moving and changing all the time, the moment you step into the river, it is always changing, and when you reach the center of the river or the other side of the river, the river is different from when you enter and when you go to the middle.
This is not acknowledging that things are relatively static, or that there is a staged process. This is the idealistic agnosticism, which holds that the world cannot be understood at all, and is caught in the quagmire of sophistry. This is also a topic that materialism and idealism have been arguing about, a watershed between world knowability and agnosticism and even mystical occultism.
In fact, in everything and everyday life, there are examples of absolute movement and relative stillness. For example, a person from pregnancy to birth to death, is the process from scratch to nothing, the whole process is moving and changing, we can only use the perspective of development to consider, in order to correctly understand people's life.
Once a person is born, there is a relatively static process, he or she is a "person", you can not say that they are changing every day is not "people". They have the process of infancy, childhood, youth, middle age, and old age, and people at each stage are different, and there is a relatively stable period. Only in this way, understanding relative stillness from absolute motion, can we not only look at a person's growth with a development vision and foresight, but also adopt different ways of learning, living and working at different stages of growth.
Therefore, on a philosophical level, our world has both motion and stillness, but motion is absolute and dominant. From the stars of galaxies in the universe to the elementary particles of molecular atoms, they are in a never-ending motion, and motion is a fundamental property of the material world.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > from a physics perspective:</h1>
The movement of matter comes from the following aspects:
1, the original driving force of the Big Bang, can also be said to be the first driving force.
The modern Standard Model of the Universe holds that the universe began with the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, and at the moment when the Big Bang began, the universe was infinitely small, infinitely hot, infinitely curvature, and infinitely dense, and at that time there was only pure energy, and there was no matter as we know it now.
The Planck time after the Start of the Big Bang, which was 10^-43s, did the universe become measurable. At this time, the volume of the universe has reached a diameter of about 10^-35m, the temperature of the universe has dropped to about 10^32K, and the density has dropped to about 10^94g/cm^3. But at this time, there is still no substance that we can recognize.
Since then, the universe has experienced a period of inflation, until 10^-12s, the temperature dropped to 10^15K, protons, neutrons and other particles and antiparticles began to appear, bosons, neutrinos, electrons, quarks, gluons and so on have stabilized. After this, the nucleus gradually formed, but because the temperature was still too high and the density was too large, the atoms could not be formed.
This period is the dark period of the universe, which is because the universe is still in a state of extremely high temperature and high density, electromagnetic waves cannot overflow, light cannot be decoupled, and the entire universe is opaque.
It wasn't until 380,000 years later that the universe had become large enough that the temperature dropped below 3,000 K that neutral atoms began to form, the first rays of light (electromagnetic waves) decoupled from the thick particle soup at high temperatures and densities, and the universe began to become visible and transparent. Under the action of gravity, the primordial matter of the universe gradually formed nebulae, stars, and galaxies, and the universe continued to expand and change.
It can be seen that the first driving force of the Big Bang in the universe still exists today, and the elementary particles that have been formed from the very beginning have been changing in motion and have never stopped.
2. The four basic forces promote the mutual movement of matter.
Within 1 second of the start of the Big Bang, gravitational, electromagnetic, and weak interaction forces have already appeared, and as the temperature density of the universe decreases, the strong interaction forces gradually form. These are the four fundamental forces that scientific discoveries have so far dominated the operation of our universe.
The nature and function of the four basic forces, spatio-temporal communication has been discussed and elaborated many times in the past, interested readers can consult my past published articles, today will not be detailed. It is precisely the interaction of these four forces that affects and acts in every corner of the universe, and it is impossible to stop the movement of matter, so molecules, atoms, and particles can only be contained and constantly moving within the framework of these four basic forces.
3. Energy radiation promotes the non-stop "thermal movement" of matter.
The universe is full of energy and radiation, and even in the most open parts of the universe, there is still the "residual temperature" of the Big Bang, that is, the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is about 3K and fills all the spaces in every corner of the universe. This is the infinite high temperature of the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, which gradually cooled the remaining "embers", that is, the residual temperature, after the expansion and expansion of the universe.
Scientists have found a place that is lower than the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and that is the Bumojan Nebula, which is about 5,000 light-years away, a nebula that looks like a bow tie, and the temperature they have detected there is as low as 1K. Theoretically, the minimum temperature is 0 K, which is absolute zero, which is -273.15 ° C in degrees Celsius, at this time, all thermal motion will stop and the world will die.
The minimum temperature nasa makes on the International Space Station is far lower than the natural minimum temperature in the universe, which reaches 0.00000000001K, which is one trillionth of a K. This is the lowest temperature ever created by humans. At this temperature, one can better observe the atoms that have been "frozen", but the movement of matter has not stopped, and the matter presents a Bose-Einstein condensed state, that is, a fluid state without any resistance and viscosity.
Therefore, as long as there is a temperature, the molecular movement will not stop, and the higher the temperature, the more intense the thermal movement of the molecule. While molecules are made up of atoms, the intrinsic cause of thermal motion is, of course, derived from atomic motion. Studies have shown that at room temperature and pressure, the average speed of air molecules is 500m/s, and each molecule collides with other molecules 50 billion times in 1 second, and these molecules move irregularly, hitting suspended small particles from all directions, showing an irregular and never-ending Brownian state of motion.
There are many theories that explain the motion of matter from the physical level, such as the essential properties, mass, inertia, etc. of matter, which can explain the reasons for the movement of objects from one side, but the above reasons should be able to explain this problem, and will not be repeated.
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