The Four Voices were a major discovery of the Southern Dynasty, and the Eight Diseases theory had a positive significance in enhancing the beauty of the poetic art form. However, its drawbacks are that it deliberately pursues form and sculpts cumbersome, but it restricts the expression of poetic content, and Shen Yue himself cannot abide by it.
Ming Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" believes that if we talk about the eight diseases, the poems of various dynasties are almost "full of them". On the one hand, Tang Shigelu inherited it, and on the other hand, transformed it. In the Tang Dynasty, the above went into the servant, and the flat and the servant matched, which was in line with the dichotomy of low ang, floating cut, and flying sinking, and gradually formed the harmonious grid of the flat and the servant.
In fact, the Yongming body has paid great attention to the sound rhythm, and the rhythm sentences appear in large quantities, and more flat rhymes, and the rhyme situation is basically the same as that of the Tang people. For example: the water of the Qu pond Xie Shu slowly follows the berry Nagisa, and the cloak is waiting for the wind. The hibiscus dances lightly, and the buds come out of the fragrant bushes. Floating clouds from the northwest, Jiang Haisi is endless. Birds go to be able to sound, see me in the green piano. Xie Shuo's poem is basically a rhythm sentence, but the jaw joint and the neck joint are not sticky, and the rhymes of "wind", "cong", "poor", and "middle" are all rhyming words of the rhyme part of "Yidong", which rhymes flat and rhymes to the end. Don't Fan Ancheng Shen about the life of a teenager, break up easy early stage. And Ertong faded into twilight, not when parting. Don't say a bottle of wine, tomorrow is difficult to hold. If you don't know the way in your dreams, how can you comfort each other? Except for the sixth and seventh verses of Shen Yue's poem, all of them use rhythmic sentences, except for the loss of adhesion between the jaw joint and the neck link, which is basically the flat posture of the five laws. Rhymes are also all words that rhyme with the same "four branches". Another example: Ci Yao Ji He Xun smoke rises from the distant shore, and the oblique sun shines peacefully. Enjoy the sunset with one heart and temporarily relieve the worries of the countryside. The wild shore is flat and sandy, and the mountains are far away from the fog. The guests do not mourn themselves, and the river looks forward to the boat. He Xun's poem, except for the first link and the jaw link, is basically in line with the law, and the neck link has been used for the battle, and it has been nearly a rudimentary form of poetry.
The emergence of the Yongming style has played a certain role in correcting the ills of the language of literati poetry since the Jin and Song dynasties, making the creation turn to fresh and smooth, and has had a major impact on the formation of near-body poetry, marking the beginning of ancient mainland poetry from the product of primitive natural art- "ancient body" poetry to the "near body poetry" of man-made art. The Yongming body also became the prelude to the formation of the near-body poetry, and became a transitional period for the development of the ancient body to the near-body poetry. The vocal rules of the "Yongming style", after the practice of Liang Chen in the past hundred years, basically constituted a stereotyped poetic form, which was the precursor of Tang Dynasty near-body poetry; but at that stage, it only solved the problem of phonological mixing between one or two sentences, and how the rhymes between two or more rhythms were combined and arranged were still unclear.
It was not until the early Tang Dynasty, after the summary and practice of Shen Qi, Song Zhiqing, Du Zhenyan and others, on this basis, that the coarse inch was refined and the trend was fixed, and it was satisfactorily resolved by the establishment of the sticking rule between the two legal associations: one link is equal to each other, and the two links are flat and sticky, sometimes crossed, sometimes parallel.
Shen Qi (c. 656 – c. 715), courtesy name Yunqing, was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Gaozong of Tang entered the throne in the second year (675) and the first. By the assistant lawyer Lang to transfer the examiner Wai Lang. He was imprisoned for accepting bribes. After being released from prison, he was reinstated and moved to Shizhong. Emperor Zhongzong ascended the throne and was exiled to Qizhou because of his attachment to Zhang Yizhi. In the third year of the Divine Dragon (707), he summoned Kijuro and Shubunkan Naoru, and often served in the palace. In the later calendar, the book house people, the prince less Zhan Shi. Shen Qi was on a par with Song Zhiqing and was called "Shen Song". Their near-body poetic style is rigorous and precise, and the historical theory believes that they are representative poets of the rhythmic poetic style formulation type. The original collection of essays is 10 volumes, which have been scattered. The Ming Dynasty has the "Shen Qi Period Collection". His "Alone And Invisible" is an excellent seven-word poem that appeared earlier. Gao Bing (Zuo Mu Right Bing) commented in the "Tang Poetry High Order": the new voice of Shen Song, the great stroke of Su (Ting) Zhang (said), and the gradual prosperity of this early Tang Dynasty. When the predecessors talked about Shen Song, they mostly diluted their personality and affirmed their position in the Vinaya poetry.
The poems of the Shen Period have generally conformed to the law of near-body poetry, such as his "Cold Food": the whole sky is extinguished, and the smoke is hidden in the ground. I don't know where the fire is, but I am satisfied. The ping of this poem is: 仄平平仄仄,仄仄仄平平 (rhyme). 仄平平仄仄,平仄仄平平(rhyme). This poem has basically conformed to the near-body poetic rhythm, but it is only out of stick, and the rhyme foot "smoke" and "ran" are also the same as the lower flat sound "one first", all of which rhyme with the flat sound. Look at his "Ancient Meaning Presents The Complement of Qiao Zhizhi":
Lu family young woman Yu Jintang, Haiyan amphibian tortoiseshell beam.
In September, the cold anvil urged the wooden leaves, and the ten-year conquest recalled Liaoyang.
White Wolf River North Yinshu broken, Danfeng City South Autumn Night Long.
Who said that he was sad and alone, and even taught the bright moon to shine yellow.
The poem is flat as:
平平仄仄仄平平 (rhyme),
Hei-hei-hei.。
仄仄平平平仄仄,
仄平平仄仄平平 (rhyme).
仄平平仄平平仄,
平仄平平平平仄平 (rhyme).
平仄平平仄仄仄,
This poem is already in full compliance with the seven laws of the law, and the rhyme feet are also rhymes with the "seven yangs" part of the flat sound, and the middle two parts also adopt the form of a battle, which is already a real seven-word poem. Look at his "Overnight Stay in Qipanling":
Travel thousands of miles alone, lying on a high seven plates west.
The dawn moon is near the window, and the Tianhe river is low.
Fang Chun Ping Zhong green, the night zi rules cry.
Floaters stay in the air to listen, praise the city to smell the akebode.
The flattening of this poem is:
仄平平仄仄,平仄仄平平(rhyme).
仄仄平平仄,平平仄仄平(rhyme).
仄平平仄仄,平仄仄平平(rhyme)
仄仄平平仄,平平平仄平(rhyme).
This poem is completely in line with the style of the five-word poem, not only has a sticky pair, but also rhymes with "west", "low", "cry", and "chicken" are all the same as the upper flat sound "eight qi" rhyme, and the middle two also adopt the form of confrontation, which fully meets the requirements of the near-body poetry.
Song Zhiqing (c. 656 – c. 712), courtesy name Yanqing, was a Han Chinese, a native of Fenzhou (present-day Fenyang, Shanxi), a native of Hongnong, Yuzhou (present-day Lingbao County, Henan), a poet of the early Tang Dynasty, and a poet of the early Tang Dynasty, who was also known as "Shen Song" during the Shen Dynasty. Song Zhiqing's poems also basically conform to the law of near-body poetry, such as his five-fold "Crossing the Han River":
Lingwai pronunciation book breaks, through winter and spring.
The nostalgia is more timid, and I dare not ask the people who come.
It is a hint and a hint flat (韵).
This poem is completely in line with the near-body poetic rhythm, paying attention to sticking, rhyming, etc. Another example is its five laws "Title Dayu Ling Beiyi":
Yang Yue Nan Flying Geese, rumors have come back to this time.
I have not done anything before I can return.
The tide of Jiang Jing began to fall, and Lin was dazed.
In the Ming Dynasty, looking at the countryside, you should see Longtou Mei.
平仄平平仄,平平仄仄平(rhyme).
平平仄平仄,平仄仄平平(rhyme).
Its flatness is fully in line with the near-body poetic rhythm, and the middle two also adopt the form of a confrontation. Li Wei's "History of Poetry" once said: "Five words to Shen and Song can be called laws, many have not yet become bodies, and Shen has a good one." The so-called cut into six laws, manifesting the five talents, so that the words are neutral, the songs become the sound, and the merits of Shen and Song are also. Ma Maoyuan's "Notes on Reading two "TangShu Literature and Art (Yuan)" Yun: "At the end of Emperor Gaozong and the time of Emperor Jinglong of Emperor Zhongzong, the law was very smooth, the author Yunxing, the person holding the spirit bead, the family holding the jade ruler, Shen and Song under this atmosphere, summed up the experience accumulated by the previous generations and the achievements of the creation of the people of the time, because of the situation, so that the distinction between the ancient and modern styles of poetry became a foregone conclusion." The poetry of the world will push Shen and Song, and Gai will be exquisite in its works and refined, which is the process of the development of poetry. In addition to Shen and Song, at the same time, the poet has no good structure of the law. It can be seen that the near-body poetry was formed under the strong advocacy of Shen and Song, and the two contributed to the formation of the near-body poetry.
At that time, Shen and Song revised, practiced and stereotyped the "Yongming style" of the Qiliang period, and their works also became a typical style of near-body poetry. They simplified the Yongming body and completed the task of "echo disease, about the sentence accurate chapter". "Echo disease" is the first is the tone of the sentence [ping 仄] mixing, the second is the co-rhyme of the foot of the sentence, and put forward the theory of sticking. "About sentence quasi-chapter", "about sentence" is to define the sentence pattern - five words or seven words of the three-word tail chant sentence, in order to form a distinct rhythmic characteristics of the "rhythm type" (that is, "rhythm model"), "quasi-chapter" is to stipulate the composition method - sentence pattern neat symmetry of the chapter, the formation of a "repetitive" form of rhythm development mode. At this point, the near-body poetry is basically finalized.
In addition, the Shangguan Yi of the early Tang Dynasty, the poetry was not high, but it contributed to the completion of the form of the Vinaya. Shangguan Yi (608–665), courtesy name Youshao, was a native of Shaan County, Shaanxi (陕州, in modern Shaanxi County, Henan), a Tang Dynasty poet and official to the prime minister. Shangguan Yi became a monk in his early years, and later as a jinshi and a first, successively served as a hongbunkan straight bachelor, secretary lang, qiju lang, secretary young supervisor, and prince Zhongsheren. He was a famous imperial scholar in the early Tang Dynasty, often drafting edicts for the emperor and creating the Shangguan style of poetry of "Qi Wrong and Charming". In the second year of Long Shuo (662), Shangguan Yi worshipped Xiang and was awarded the title of Xitai Shilang (西台侍郎) and Tongdongtai Sanpin (同東台三品). In December of the first year of Lin De (January 665), because Emperor Gaozong of Tang drafted an edict to depose the Empress, he offended Wu Zetian, was framed for rebellion, and was imprisoned and executed. During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, he posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Chu. According to the "Poetry Garden", regarding the confrontation, he concluded that the poem has "six pairs" and "eight pairs".
Six pairs: one is the right name pair, the heavens and the earth, the sun and the moon are also; Two similar pairs, flower leaf grass buds are also; Three days lianzhu pair, Xiao Xiao Hehe is also; Four double sound pairs, yellow locust green willow is also; The five rhymes are paired, as if wandering and relaxing is also; Six days double imitation pair, spring wind autumn pond is also.
Eight pairs: 1, place name pair: send wine to the southeast, welcome the piano to the northwest. 2, heterogeneous pairs: wind weaving pond trees, insects through the grass above. 3、; Double voice pair: Autumn Dew Fragrant Chrysanthemum, Spring Wind Fu Li Lan. 4. Overlapping rhyme pairs: debauchery, deferring a letter. 5, the continuous pair: if the residual river is belted, the first moon is like an eyebrow. 6, double imitation pair: the moon eyebrow deception moon, on the flower cheek rises flowers. 7, palindromic pair: love new because of the meaning, meaning to be new. 8, the next sentence pair: acacia is different, night and night tears stained clothes; Empty sighs and empty weeping, the dynasty did not return. These French forms played an important role in the maturation of the Vinaya. His poems are neat and beautiful, and they are popular for a while, and he is known as the "Shangguan Body", especially his poems are quite neat, such as his "Spring Day":
Flowers light butterflies chaotic immortal apricot, leaf dense warbler cry emperor female mulberry.
Spring should arrive in Feiyun Pavilion, and the night in the Mingyue Building is not yet in the middle.
The four verses of this poem are opposite, "flower" to "leaf", noun plant to plant; "light" to "dense", adjective to adjective; and so on, the battle is quite neat. In his rhythmic poems, the two-fold battle is even more neat, such as his "Wing Xue Ying Zhao": "The forbidden garden condenses the qi, and the snow hides the morning light." Hua Mingqi Fengge, Zhu Shan Ying'e Pond. Fluttershy greets the song, flips the light and moves towards the dance. Fortunately, because of the thousands of miles, it also revolves around the branches of ten thousand years. "This poem is a five-word poem, and the four couplets are all used for battle, and they are quite neat, from which it can be seen that Shangguan Yi's poems are quite exquisite about the battle, and indeed have their own style." The theory of six pairs of "same" and "eight pairs" has been applied many times by poets of the Six Dynasties, and after being summarized by Shangguan Yi, it has been set as a law, which has become the norm for later generations to write rhythmic poems, and has a great influence on the development of legal poetry. Later, the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty" wrote a lot of rhythmic poems, which played an important role in promoting the growth and development of legal poetry. There is also Du Zhenyan, who is about the same time as the Four Jies, and has also contributed greatly to the formation and development of the Vinaya. In summary, the near-body poems should originate from Qi Liang's Zhou Yue and Shen Yue, and formed in the Shen Qi period and the Song Zhi Qing in the early Tang Dynasty.
