Text | Hexi
2022 is the year of Nongyin, which belongs to the tiger.
Although the tiger is a beast that we basically can't touch, it is closely related to Chinese culture. Three people become tigers, talk about tiger discoloration, fox fake tiger power, such as tiger wings, wolf swallowing... Blurt out that there are so many idioms related to tigers.
The story of Wu Song fighting the tiger is well-known, it is the most popular bridge section in "Water Margin", and there are also "Journey to the West", precisely because Sun Wukong killed the tiger, so he wears a tiger skin dress, which is his most iconic fashion.
But have you noticed a bug in the classic cartoon "Haunting the Heavenly Palace"? At this time, Sun Wukong had not yet accompanied Tang Monk to the Western Heavens to learn the scriptures, and he naturally did not kill the tiger, so how could he wear a tiger skin skirt?
So that when the "Haunting Tiangong" stamp was issued in 2014, some philatelic fans proposed that it was a wrong ticket, because according to the original work, Sun Wukong was not wearing a tiger skin skirt at this time, and this set of stamps was obviously designed according to the cartoon "Haunting Tiangong".
When the three brothers designed the image of Sun Wukong, they referred to the image of Sun Wukong on the stage of the drama, which may not be particularly thoughtful, and you can also say that this is just a spotted skirt, because if you are more serious, this peach is not right, this is a peach, not a peach.
A little bug will not affect the greatness of this cartoon, and many readers may not notice the details of this tiger skin skirt at all.
Why is Tang Bohu called Tang Bohu? Why is Chen Yinke called Chen Yinke? According to legend, Tang Yin was born in the sixth year of Emperor Mingxian's chenghua, so he was named Tang Yin Tang Bohu. Chen Yin was born in the year of Ke Yin, so the name Yin, Ke is the family tree "Three Ke Feng Yu Hou" generation, so his father's name is Chen Sanli. Therefore, 80% of those who have a "寅" in their names are born in the lunar year. For example, the poet Wang Yin and the table tennis player Xu Yinsheng, check their birth years.
Chen Yinke
As for the name tiger, the word tiger is easy to understand, hieroglyphic. So what is this "old"? Have you ever wondered about this? Could it be that the "cerebellum axe" that has just been born is already old? Obviously not. Regarding the origin of the tiger's name, it is generally believed that this "old" refers to the powerful, is a kind of honorific title, such as eagle, mouse, boss, boss, boss, teacher, Lao Tzu (father) and so on. As for why the thinker Lao Tzu in the pre-Qin period was called LaoZi, one view is that it is also an honorific title, because it is recorded that his real name is Li Er, and calling him Lao Tzu is of course an honorific title. However, some scholars believe that Lao Tzu's naming method does not conform to the naming conventions of the pre-Qin sons, and it is also very likely that he will be surnamed Lao.
According to the logic of the old-fashioned usage, are your husbands and wives powerful? Is there a difficult scripture in the family? There are some very powerful women who have the nickname of "tigress", such as "Water Margin" that has a "mother worm" Gu Dajie...
There is also a very important question, is the tiger in the zodiac a real tiger? Why are zodiac rats ranked first? And why does an ethereal dragon have a place in it?
Regarding the cultural origins of the zodiac, ancient and modern scholars have different opinions. Among them, "astrological theory" is a kind, but there are also certain collateral components.
Speaking of this question involves astronomical knowledge.
The stars of the southern middle sky are divided into twenty-eight groups, and the circle of stars distributed along the ecliptic or celestial equator (the Earth's equator extends to the sky) is twenty-eight. It is divided into four groups, also known as the four elephants, four beasts, four dimensions, and four gods, which is familiar to us as "left green dragon, right white tiger, southern suzaku, and northern Xuanwu".
Names of the Twenty-Eight Houses:
In the East, it is called the Green Dragon: Horned Wood Jiao, Kang Jin Dragon, Kryptonite Raccoon, Fang Ri Rabbit, Heart Moon Fox, Tail Fire Tiger, And Ji Water Leopard.
In the south, it is called Suzaku: Jingmu, Ghost Golden Sheep, Willow Earth Roe, Star Sun Horse, Zhang Yuelu, Winged Fire Snake, and Water Worm.
The West calls it the White Tiger: Kui Timber Wolf, Lou Jin Dog, Stomach Pheasant, Pleiades Chicken, Bi Yue Wu, Fire Monkey, Ginseng Water Ape.
In the north, it is called Xuanwu: Doumu Badger, Bull Golden Bull, Female Earth Bat, Virtual Sun Rat, Dangerous Moon Swallow, Room Fire Pig, Wall Water Cat.
You can see that each direction has seven stars, corresponding to the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and each of the twenty-eight stars is composed of three words, the first word is the name of the star, the second word is the five elements + sun and moon, and the third word is the animal, which is the animal image expressed by the combination of stars and places.
If we compare it, we will find that there are twelve animals that appear in the twelve zodiac signs at the same time: the virtual sun rat, the bull taurus, the tail fire tiger, the Fang Ri rabbit, the kang golden dragon, the winged fire snake, the star sun horse, the ghost golden sheep, the fire monkey, the Pleiades chicken, the Lou golden dog, and the room fire pig. The animals of the zodiac are actually born out of the twenty-eight houses, that is to say, the rats that take the lead in the zodiac are not real-life mice, but the stars in the sky, more strictly speaking, the virtual houses. There are two stars in this void, the virtual one belongs to the constellation Aquarius, and the virtual two are above the virtual one, which is a fourth-class star, belonging to the constellation Pony. The connection between these two stars is a bit like a mouse in the eyes of the ancients, hence the name: the virtual sun rat.
The situation with tigers is the same.
When you live in the middle of the sky in the middle of the night, it is the season of the winter solstice. The winter solstice is the beginning of a new year, just as the first birth of a sun means the beginning of a new day. Therefore, the night is also called midnight, the first time of the twelfth hour, that is, the two hours from 23:00 to 1:00. So the problem of the zodiac is actually an astronomical problem, and it has nothing to do with whether a mouse can run or not, a cow and a tiger!
This may explain why there are no cats in the zodiac, because there are no cats in the twenty-eight houses. Why are there no cats in Twenty-Eight Houses? Because the domestic cat was transmitted to China from Egypt, Persia and other places in the Han Dynasty, there was no domestic cat in China before the Han Dynasty, and the cats mentioned in the ancient books of the pre-Qin Dynasty, such as the cat in the Chu Ci, all refer to the bobcat, also known as the lynx, which is very different from the tiger, that is, it is only a few trumpets. With tigers, you don't need lynx, they look pretty much the same.
In China's daily necessities design and artistic creation, tigers are also a very common subject, so they have left a large number of precious cultural relics and works of art, many of which are very interesting and helpful for understanding China's tiger culture. Today we will introduce some of these masterpieces, if you see them in the museum in the future, you can stop and enjoy them more.
Yellow-ground black colored goose reed pattern tiger pillow
Jindai
In order to welcome the Year of the Tiger and the 50th anniversary of the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations, the Shanghai Museum and the Kyushu National Museum in Japan jointly held the "Year of the Tiger - Spring Festival Exhibition of the Year of the Tiger in China and Japan". A total of 10 cultural relics (including online exhibits) were exhibited in this exhibition, including 6 fine cultural relics selected by the Shanghai Museum and 4 exchange artifacts from the Kyushu National Museum in Japan.
This gold-era yellow-colored goose reed tiger pillow is crouching tiger shaped, with a pillow surface on the back, and the front is low and the back is high. The tiger body is first applied with white makeup soil, and then covered with yellow color, the yellow color depicts the tiger spot in black color, the pillow surface is not applied yellow color, and the white ground is painted with black color on the goose reed pattern, and the brushwork is vivid and lively. The tiger pillow has the meaning of auspiciousness and ward off evil spirits.
Tangyang Hou Hu Fu
Han dynasty
At the same time, on January 19, the National Museum of China held the "Tiggo You'an - 2022 New Year Exhibition" and opened to the public. The exhibits in the collection on display from the Shang Dynasty to the beginning of the 21st century include precious utensils with brilliant gold and jade and fine craftsmanship, as well as the remains of the stoneware gray tiles and the simple and lovely city well, which are rich in variety, reflecting the long-standing and endless tiger culture of the Chinese nation from all aspects of culture.
Among them, there is a Tangyang HouHu Charm from the Western Han Dynasty, which aroused great interest from the audience.
We came into contact with the Tiger Rune in the high school textbook, and the famous story of Xin Lingjun "stealing the symbol to save Zhao" in the "History of the Duke of Wei" is the record of the ancients using the soldier symbol, which also adds a legendary color to the artifact of the tiger rune.
The Tiger Symbol is an ancient military dispatch relic, divided into left and right halves, and the central and commander-in-chief each hold a half symbol. When dispatching troops, it is necessary to hold a check and check the right, and only when they meet the requirements can they send troops. This system of sending troops originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the Marquis of Tangyang was a knighthood given to the meritorious minister Sun Chi by Emperor Liu Bang of han. This tiger charm is almost perfectly preserved, with a neat silver inscription on the back, a clear section structure, and the left and right pieces can still be opened and closed as they did more than two thousand years ago.
Tiger man-eater
Shang Dynasty
The very famous Tiger Man-Eater is a bronze treasure from the late Shang Dynasty in China, with a height of 35.7 centimeters, excavated at the junction of Anhua and Ningxiang in Hunan Province, with a total of two pieces, one in the Oriental Museum of Art in Paris, France, and one in the Izumiya Museum in Japan.
This bronze shape takes the posture of a tiger hugging a person, and has a strange intention. The tiger's hind feet and tail support the body and at the same time form the three legs of the trojan. The tiger's front paws hold a person, and the person crouches down toward the tiger's chest. A pair of bare feet stepped on the tiger's claws, and his hands reached out to the tiger's shoulders, and the tiger wanted to open its mouth to eat the human head.
What exactly this bronze is meant by has always been controversial, and various opinions have been heard.
Some people think that this artifact is a "magic weapon of the witch to reach the heavens", that the person is the image of the wizard, and the tiger is the assistant of the wizard; some people think that this is the image of the "poor qi" recorded in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas"; others believe that the combination of the human and tiger pattern is the Shang Dynasty in order to sacrifice the "Tiger Fang" clan god as a means of maintaining the control over the "Tiger Fang" Fang Kingdom. There are many opinions, which shows that we still have too many unknowns about tiger culture.
Shi Hu
Shang Zhou period
Sanxingdui and Jinsha culture also have tiger-shaped cultural relics unearthed. This stone tiger was unearthed at the Jinsha site and is now in the Jinsha Site Museum in Chengdu, Sichuan. The material of the stone tiger is serpentine rock, gray-black, and there are a large number of gray-white stripes on the stone, and the natural markings of the stone are close to the tiger stripes. Stone Tiger is 28 cm long, 8.88 cm wide and 20.03 cm high. This picture looks big, but it is actually very small, it is a small pocket tiger.
Alagou tiger pattern gold ornament
Warring States to Han Dynasty
The amount of gold artifacts excavated from the Alagou tomb in Xinjiang is large, with a total size of more than 200 pieces. Most of them are belt ornaments and clothing accessories. There are eight tiger stripes, one of which is pictured above, with a diameter of 6 cm and a weight of 20 grams, and the tiger's body is curled into a semicircle in the pattern, which is very dynamic.
Scholars believe that this is a manifestation of the totem worship of the ancient local residents, a relic left by the ancient nomadic Serbs in Xinjiang, who like to wear ornaments of lions, tigers, wolves and other animals.
Tiger bite bucket pattern gold band ornament
Warring states
This gold ornament is now in the Ordos Bronze Museum in Inner Mongolia, and its casting date is equivalent to the Warring States period. The overall decoration is slightly rectangular, surrounded by a rope pattern, the theme pattern is bas-relief tiger and wild boar entangled in the scene of bite, the wild boar on the top, although at a disadvantage, but still dead bite one of the tiger's hind limbs, struggle to resist, the two sides fight inextricably. The picture is very vivid.
Wrong gold inscription Tiger Festival
Western han dynasty
The Chelu Tiger Festival excavated from the tomb of the King of Nanyue in Guangzhou is the only wrong golden tiger festival found so far, and is known as the most beautiful tiger-shaped copper festival ever seen. According to the above inscription judgment and production style and other judgments, it is related to Chu culture. The tiger section is 19 cm long, 11.6 cm at its highest point and 1.2 cm at its thickest point. It is cast in bronze in a flat tiger shape, with a tiger body stripe cast with a curved leaf-shaped shallow groove, gold leaf inside, and 60 pieces on both sides. Tiger's eye and tiger ear are outlined from fine gold pieces. Gold flakes are as high as 97% pure.
Tiger button "Yongchang Grand Marshal" golden seal
Ming dynasty
In October 2016, the Meishan police announced the cracking of a major case of illegal excavation and resale of cultural relics at the Shenyin Ruins in Jiangkou. Among the cultural relics recovered, a tiger button "Grand Marshal of Yongchang" gold seal has attracted attention from the academic community. This seal is golden and brilliant, the tiger button has a strong posture, and the most eye-catching thing is that the words "Yongchang Grand Marshal Seal, Made in the Middle Winter of 1643) in the Middle Winter of the Decade" were engraved on the printing table with the words "Nine Stacks of Seals".
In the end, this tiger button "Grand Marshal of Yongchang" golden seal, determined that its owner is Zhang Xianzhong, the leader of the rebel army in the late Ming Dynasty.
Yin Chan Xingle Album , Thorn Tiger Page
Qing Dynasty
Tigers are also a common subject in Chinese painting.
The Yin Chan Xingle Atlas is a set of thirteen-volume drawings, now in the Palace Museum.
Yin Chan was also Yongzheng, and at that time he was still the Prince of Yong. This painting depicts Yin Chan holding a forked tiger next to a cliff cave. Hunting thorny tigers was a common practice of Manchu emperors and princes in the early Qing Dynasty, and the Qianlong Emperor in the middle of the Qing Dynasty also had a thorny tiger map. The peculiarity of the painting is yin chan's dress, he wears a Western wig and a western suit, like a European outfit. The way the painting was expressed was apparently influenced by the "dress up ball portraits" that were popular in Europe at the time.
The tiger descends the mountain with momentum
Zhang Shanxiao | Modern
There are also countless painters of past generations who have painted tigers, but the most famous is probably Zhang Daqian's second brother Zhang Shanxiao.
Zhang Shanxiao (1882-1940), a native of Neijiang, Sichuan, China, was a good son, a good son, and a good man. A famous painter in modern times, the second brother of Zhang Daqian, a master of painting tigers.
When the "1.28" incident broke out, the war in Shanghai was raging, so Zhang Shanxiao moved to the "Dafeng Hall" in the Spring Hall of the Master of Nets Garden in Suzhou, and was able to paint with peace of mind. Sometimes friends from the same village get a young tiger, and they know that Zhang Shanxiao has a special love for tigers and warmly sends them to each other. Zhang Shanxiao, if he received the most precious treasure, also gave him a nickname "Tiger". The following photo is when Zhang Shanxiao was feeding tigers in the Master of Nets Garden, tigers and other beasts, without any protective measures to raise cats, their courage is too big.
Zhang Shanxiao loves tigers, and lives with tigers, and knows the habits of tigers very well, he draws tigers naturally like tigers, and the tiger diagrams he creates enjoy a high reputation. It's just that his younger brother Zhang Daqian's reputation is too big, which more or less obscures his brother's artistic achievements.
Statue of the Tiger God of Fortune
Xu Beihong | Modern
In addition to Zhang Shanxiao, Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong also painted tigers.
Riding the tiger god of wealth, the natural painting is Zhao Gongming in the "Fengshen Yanyi", and the yuanbao on the right has already explained that he is the god of wealth.
In Xu Beihong's "Statue of the God of Wealth Riding the Tiger", the ink lines are scattered on the wet paper, and its virtual and solid ink effect naturally shows the fine texture of the tiger's hair. Zhao Gongming was dressed in armor, a blue robe, and foot pedal official boots, and rode majestically on the back of the tiger.
As the king of the hundred beasts, the tiger, under Zhao Gongming's crotch, became obedient and obedient, looking a little cute and very interesting.
Xu Beihong is famous for drawing horses, in fact, he has painted many other animals, such as eagles, cows, chickens, cats, lions and so on. His tiger, in addition to the "Statue of the God of Wealth Riding the Tiger", as well as "Double Tiger Diagram" and many other paintings, Xu Beihong's painting of tigers also has its own style, which is not understood by many people who are not familiar with Xu Beihong.
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