The French partisan fighters at the meeting dressed in a variety of civilian clothes
During World War II, German and Italian fascists encroached on most of Europe and brutally enslaved the local area to serve its war machine. In order to seek freedom and independence, the peoples of various European countries have participated in or sympathized with the local resistance movement, not cooperating with the aggressors, and sending messages to the allies, and some members of the resistance movement have even directly taken up guns and armed resistance against the German-Italian aggressors. Throughout the war, there were a large number of guerrillas in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, and there were also guerrilla activities of a certain scale in France, Italy, Poland, Greece, Slovakia and other countries, which more or less contained some of the military forces of Germany and Italy and supported the Allied war situation in 1944
An Italian guerrilla patrolling the mountains in winter, a "gentry" guerrilla group wearing a suit and a top hat
The partisans of the Polish People's Army actually clashed more with the national underground army than with the Germans
As early as the war period, out of the need for propaganda, in order to stimulate the resistance enthusiasm of the people of the occupied countries, Hollywood in the United States has made some "propaganda" films with the theme of European guerrillas, which of course deliberately avoid the fact of the difficult living conditions of guerrillas in Europe, and show the combat life of guerrillas in a romantic way. Due to their "policy films" nature, such films did not leave much mark on the tide of World War II films in terms of artistic achievements alone.
The North Star (1943), about a Soviet temporary guerrilla group that rescues a village from the Germans, blackens the Germans by using the blood of Russian children to treat wounded German soldiers
Long Live the War of Resistance (A Cruz de Lorena) (1943) was used to stimulate the enthusiasm of the French people and captured French soldiers for resistance, and the title literally translates to represent the meaning of the "Lorraine Cross", the symbol of the wartime French resistance
Chetniks: Guerrillas in Battle (1943) is an excellent feature film, but unfortunately the object of the film's praise, the Cheknik partisans, were eventually abandoned by the Allies due to their fornication with the German occupation forces
After the war, the Soviet-Eastern Warsaw Pact countries, out of the nature of their regime, produced films about the resistance movement led by the CCP of their countries, but outside Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, there was really no large-scale armed resistance in other countries (the Warsaw Uprising in Poland was launched by the bourgeois national underground army, the Baltic Forest Brotherhood Movement and the Ukrainian UPA guerrillas were both anti-Soviet in nature, so they belonged to the ranks of being banned), so films of this type about the Soviet-Eastern Warsaw Pact countries. We are best known for Yugoslavia's Valter brani Sarajevo (1972), The Bridge (Most, 1969), Sutjeska (1973), etc. (as one of the few partisan regimes in post-war Europe, so most of Yugoslavia's World War II films were partisan), and the Soviet Union's Molodaya gvardiya , 1948, "The Freedom Fighter" (Soldaty Svobody, 1977), etc.
In Western and southern European countries, although there were some excellent works showing guerrillas in the post-war short term, such as France's "La bataille du rail" (1946), but due to the influence of the Cold War trend, the theme of guerrillas led by ccps in various countries was naturally unpoped, and even occasionally, various related films were trying to dilute the ccp color, such as the famous French film "L'armée des ombres" (Shadow Force) on the resistance movement , 1969) made this genre as a gangster thriller.
Kampen om tungtvannet (1948) The Norwegian Resistance's most brilliant action was the sinking of the Haidoro ferry carrying heavy water used by the Germans to build atomic bombs, all of whom were British-trained commandos
Nemá barikáda (1949) recreates the heroic fighting of the Czechoslovak people during the Prague Uprising in May 1945, but unfortunately, due to the events in Prague a few years later, such films quickly became sensitive subjects
The Guns of Navarone (1961) naturally loses their identity as partisans become guides and assistants to American and British commandos, compared to the Greek partisans played by Mexican actor Anthony Quinn
Pulling away from it, it seems that now cut back to the theme and introduce it by country classification
1. France
Due to the high degree of urbanization in France during World War II, the main scope of activities of the French resistance movement for a long time was limited to the cities, and mainly distributed leaflets, transmitted intelligence, and established underground networks by unarmed resistance.
In the early days, because the lives of the French people were less affected by the war, the resistance movement was still very weak, but with the expansion of the scale of the war, the German occupation forces began to loot more local resources and labor in France to serve them, and some active and forced paramilitary resistance organizations began to be formed, including the French Communist Party (PCF).
The German occupation forces responded fiercely to the armed actions of the resistance movement, and in August 1941 a German colonel was assassinated, for which the occupying forces shot and killed 98 hostages. This intimidation was not without effect, and jean Moulin, the leader of the National Council of Resistance (CNR), supported by de Gaulle, did not support large-scale armed resistance.
But it was clear that the expansion of the French Communist Party's armed forces (FTP) was not governed by this commission order, not to mention that Jean Moulin was arrested by the Germans in 1943 and executed. With the gradual expansion of the FTP and other resistance movements and the expansion of their range of activities, the Vichy government also established the paramilitary organization Milice (Militia) in 1943 to deal with the resistance forces, which once reached a maximum of 100,000 people, and the fighting between the French and the French was even more brutal than the fighting on the Western Front.
By the time of the Battle of Normandy in June 1944, the FTP's power had grown to 100,000 people, including many Spaniards, Germans, Hungarians, and Jews. They operated behind enemy lines on the Western Front, cutting shorter power lines, destroying roads, attacking small groups of troops, causing considerable trouble in the rear of the German army, and by 1944, the total number of resistance forces was estimated to have reached about 400,000, and played an important role in the liberation of large and medium-sized cities such as Paris and Marseille.
Partisans captured in the battles of the French fascist militia joined the later SS "Charlemagne" division after the German army withdrew from France
The French partisans who met the U.S. Army division were absorbed into the rebuilt French army in May 1945
1）
Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed (2013)
It is a small-cost war film with a western squad theme, although the name is applied to the previous work, the plot and the producers are completely unrelated.
The mode of the story is actually very cheesy, which is one of the model formats of the current Western Front squad theme movies: several Allied soldiers who are left behind the enemy line, working with local guerrillas, annihilate the German army and complete various purposes.
The only highlight of the whole film is not the sad memories of the German officers, nor the affectionate exchange between the two in the end, but the heroine of the film, a French beautiful guerrilla sniper Emilie. She was cold, she could shoot without hesitation in the face of the Germans, she was affectionate, and the partisan comrades would cry when they died.
It is not difficult to find that recent european and American small-budget World War II movies will have similar combat skills of female characters to join, although it is true that 15-20% of the female members of the French guerrillas have joined in history, but the reason why this role gives people a more real sense of existence unlike domestic films is that she and the protagonist did not fall in love.
The lace collar shirt exposed under the German uniform, is it cute? Although the skin is not very white
Played by Virginie Fourtina, a small actor, the only work available on imdb is this one. After watching the photos outside the film, I feel that it is not as attractive as the shape in the film.
One of the liberated guerrillas, note that the maroon beret he was wearing should have been captured from the fascist militia. Combat skills are leveraged, but unfortunately as a guerrilla, you can only take the life of a bento
Another rescued guerrilla uncle, full of hatred for the Germans, handled two captured German special operators disguised as American troops with a blade
2）
The Army of Crime (2009)
The film is the only Film with a guerrilla-starred film in France in the past decade, and is derived from a true story from World War II: a group of exiled Jews, Hungarians, Poles, Romanians, Spaniards, Italians, and Armenians in France, led by the Armenian poet Missak Manouchian, formed a CCP assassination team and carried out multiple assassination missions against the Germans. After being arrested by the Germans in February 1944, all 23 members were killed.
The story of the film can be brought to the screen thanks to the fact that director Robert Guédiguian was an active member of the French Communist Party, and he has always admired Manuschamp, a ccp martyr, and of course reiterates that his purpose is to face up to this group of foreign exiles who have been ignored in the Resistance.
And the performance of the film is indeed as he said, there is no sensationalism, no climax, and the whole film explains the daily life of this small guerrilla group in a bland way of flowing account, establishment, assassination and destruction. It's like the cold eyes of others. Such an unemotional depiction truly shows history, but it has to be said that it reduces the aesthetic taste of the film.
The protagonist of this film, the leader of the ccp group Manusan, is played by Simon AbuKarian, born in 1962
The film does not mythologize this anti-German hero, but also shows his fragile side: hesitation, daily life, persistence and betrayal
Typical urban guerrilla warfare, with assassination and explosions as the main mode of activity, actually has some similarities with the activities of modern terrorists
The 23 partisans executed, or saboteurs, were all foreign exiles or immigrants of illegal nationality, and the film narrates history while also alluding to the large immigrant society of contemporary France: if there is injustice and oppression against them, there will be new resistance. Isn't such a point of view some Virgin? However, considering the director's status as an immigrant descendant, there is nothing wrong with it
2. Italy
At the beginning of the war, the Underground Italian Communist Party began to cooperate with other opposition parties against the Italian fascist system and against participation in the war. Initial resistance was limited to the establishment of underground networks, the mobilization of workers and others to walk in the streets, etc., and it was clear that mussolini's rule was weak relative to his German allies.
As the war continued further, italy's repeated military defeats and the people's quality of life continued to increase the people's mood of struggle, and from 1943 onwards a nationwide strike movement emerged one after another. By June, the National Liberation Committee, a coalition of the parties, had been established.
By the time the Allies landed in Sicily in July, Mussolini went down, the Badorio government declared an armistice and then fled south, Mussolini was rescued by the Germans and established a puppet regime in the north, and the political situation in the entire Apennine Peninsula changed dramatically. Armed resistance movements led by the Italian Communist Party are also thriving in the mountains of northern Italy. Throughout the period from September 1943 to May 1944, the war situation was relatively calm, and the power of the guerrillas gradually expanded. By May 1944, with the beginning of the Battle of Anchio and the re-launching of a large-scale offensive against the Gustav Line, guerrilla fighting against the German and puppet armies had become increasingly intense, and had played a role in the Allied pursuits in the summer of 1944.
In June 1944, the guerrilla groups established by the various parties were merged into the "Free Volunteer Regiment", with the commander-in-chief appointed by the American and British Allied forces, and L. Longo from the Italian Communist Party as deputy commander. However, the Allied top brass was suspicious of the strength of the partisans, and even suggested that the partisans disband and go home during the Great German Crusade in the winter of 1944, when in fact the strength of the partisans was indeed greatly damaged during this period, and tens of thousands of people were killed.
It was not until April 1945, when the Allies began to cross the Gothic Line, that the guerrilla activities in northern Italy entered a general climax, the guerrillas descended the mountain, and the workers in the large and medium-sized cities also revolted, capturing most of the cities of Milan and Turin before the arrival of the Allies, but out of distrust of the partisans (mainly the Italian Communists), power was soon forcibly taken over by the Allies.
The last presence of the guerrillas was to force the Germans who were trying to flee north to surrender to them and hang Mussolini and his mistress at the suggestion of Agents sent by the British
The German soldiers captured by the Italian partisans, like those in Yugoslavia and Greece, were fierce for both sides
Like the French Communist Party, the Italian Communist Party chose to hand over its troops to the state after the war, and of course, due to the influence of the Cold War, they were all purged to a certain extent after this
The Force of War (2012)
This is a world war-II film with a lot of bad reviews, and the whole film is like a Hong Kong gunfight film in the 1980s that changed the background of World War II.
The pattern of the story does not escape the cliché: during the Battle of Sicily, a team of American troops, supported by local guerrillas, went behind enemy lines to rescue a junior American officer. Of course, fortunately, the process is not completely conventional, because the rescued American soldier is actually a traitor, and almost lost the entire squad.
Similarly, as good guides and right-hand men for U.S. commandos, local guerrillas are the focus of our attention.
The partisan who plays the heroine is different from the French beauty introduced earlier, although her European pie is larger, but she looks like an Italian country aunt. Although she fought in the southern Italian Sicily, she did not have the romance and laziness of the southern Italians, but appeared to be very strong and capable, and when the Yankees thought she was in the way, she quickly and competently poked the German captives to death and splashed a body of blood to prove herself, this old-fashioned character is more like that of the northern Italians.
Don't look at the face, just look at the figure, or very much, played by Stephanie Beran, I have to say that this hairstyle really looks like she is full of man. She starred in another anti-German film, "P-51 Dragon Warrior".
The frenzied stabbing of the German captives showed that she was a tough and courageous warrior, and at the same time had a deep hatred for the Germans
The Italian guerrillas who first met with the US army, a classic Italian rural man model decoration, needless to say, bento was fixed
Miracle at St. Anna (2009)
Compared with the guerrillas who existed like the characters in the previous gunfight game, the story of this film can be said to be thought-provoking, showing the psychological conditions of different characters in the German army, guerrillas, villagers, and American troops during the war, reflecting the darkness and brilliance of human nature.
Although the protagonists of this film are black American soldiers and Italian children, there is no doubt that the presence of guerrillas and their traitors is the driving force behind the development of the entire plot.
The guerrilla leader, played by Pierre Francisco Fa, is brave and fierce, and has a straight temper. After ambushing the German patrol, he stopped the madman's abuse of the German corpse; the team's seizure of the money on the German corpse was shameful and self-interested in him, so he expelled him from the team; after the guerrilla action was retaliated against and slaughtered by the German army, he felt panicked and guilty, but did not flee the German pursuit; trust in his comrades led to his eventual murder by traitors.
Guerrilla leader, a tragic figure. Pierre Francisco Favino,born 1969, starred in the war film El Alamein (2002)
Another important person in this film, the traitor of the guerrillas, he was not a traitor at the beginning, but only because he took the money of the German corpse for the sake of his daughter's life and was expelled from the guerrillas, so he was dissatisfied and went to inform, and he did not expect to step down the abyss step by step, and finally shot and killed his former captain
The guerrillas camped in the mountains, and when winter came, the guerrillas had to go down the mountain to find food and hide in the homes of the residents, in the words of the Japanese army, the local people were generally "communist"
The guerrillas who cleaned the battlefield were all automatic weapons, and only the traitors (right) were armed with double-barreled shotguns. The traitor's brother had previously been executed on suspicion of being a fascist
3）
The Man Who Will Come (2009)
Like the Miracle of Santa Ana upstairs, the film is based on a real Nazi retaliatory massacre.
In the autumn of 1944, in retaliation for guerrilla attacks, the Germans massacred about 800 people in the village of Marzabotto in northern Italy, and about 1,000 in nearby villages. The film looks at the incident from the perspective of a surviving six-year-old girl.
Like the Miracle of Santa Ana, although the child is the real protagonist of the film, the supporting role of the guerrillas is obvious, and both films point out that the Germans launched retaliatory massacres after they could not find the guerrillas due to the attacks and transfers of the guerrillas. Of course, the villagers are not completely unaware of the guerrillas, and some of the enthusiastic villagers join the guerrillas, and the guerrillas still rest in the village and get the cover of the villagers.
When the winter of 1944 came, the guerrillas had to move in order to survive and escape the German crusade.
The way the Italian-Communist guerrillas survived was actually similar to that of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League
The captured German soldiers were shot after being ordered by the guerrillas to dig a pit, with no sympathy
The film offers a bird's-eye view of a guerrilla and German search encounter in a mountain encounter between a guerrilla and a German search team, in which the German search team was passively placed on the mountainside without cover, had to retreat, and eventually led to retaliatory massacres by the SS
3. Denmark
After the fall of the countries of Western and Northern Europe, the Danish people began to rise up in various ways to resist, including the publication of underground newspapers, the establishment of intelligence organizations, the help of Jews fleeing the occupied areas, and strikes and small-scale sabotage. The early Danes' way of resistance, which can be said to be very "civilized", is a typical example of "civil struggle", showing their uncooperative attitude towards the German occupation forces - of course, this is also inseparable from the "Huairou" policy of the German occupying forces in Denmark.
With the outbreak of the Soviet-German War in June 1941, the German army strengthened the control of Denmark out of the need to expand the war, which only caused dissatisfaction among people from all walks of life in Denmark, and all corners of Denmark were full of dissatisfaction and resistance, and they almost resisted armedly. In addition, Danish seafarers also set up the "Free Danish" organization, maintained close contact with the Allied intelligence agencies, and smuggled more than 1 million tons of ships into Allied ports.
By the summer of 1943, the Allies had turned to a strategic counteroffensive in the various theaters, and the Danish resistance movement had entered a vigorous stage, indirectly supporting the Allied combat operations in the frontal battlefield. On September 16, 1943, danish resistance groups formed a unified freedom committee, with an underground army of 45,000 people, and in order to cooperate with the Allied forces to return to the mainland, began to concentrate on destroying industry and transportation, and carried out continuous strikes and non-cooperation activities. The Norwegian Secret Army, with the cooperation of British agents, also began to carry out large-scale attacks and damage to railways and bridges in Denmark from November 1944, in order to paralyze German traffic and exacerbate German chaos.
Finally, it has to be said that the resistance movement in Denmark did not have large-scale armed activities, which still has a lot to do with the policy of the local German occupation forces, compared with the German occupation forces in Eastern Europe, the Danish German army can be described as "benevolent", and one statistic is that the resistance movement lost about 850 people in total
Group photo of Resistance fighters, so big and swinging, after the German army announced its surrender?
Pose, onlookers
Resistance Action (Hvidsten gruppen, 2012)
Based on true events, the film tells the story of a group of Danes led by the Phil family who secretly collect weapons to rebel against Nazi rule during the German occupation of Denmark in World War II, and they end up being arrested and sentenced to death after being arrested. Like the "Criminal Force" introduced above, this film explains the daily activities of this resistance group, the reaction and mental path after arrest in a documentary way, and it also has a very human interpretation of the German army. This method has advantages and disadvantages, on the one hand, it emphasizes the sense of reality and life, on the other hand, it will also affect the judgment of some viewers, so that they fall into the struggle of the virginal second thought, of course, on the other hand, they cannot achieve the desired harvest in the viewing effect, non-Danish words may be difficult to resonate, the whole film is long and dull, but full of emotions
For children's shoes that have watched more anti-war films or other World War II special war films, they may be greatly puzzled by the harmonious atmosphere of resistance in this film, it does not matter, thinking of the deeds of the killer who was sentenced to 30 years in prison in Sweden and carried dozens of lives, I can probably partially understand and understand the Nordic society.
In the picture of the last family arrested and tried, the front row on the left is the protagonist of the film played by Danish actor Bujjane Henriksen, who is also an old actor.
Platoon shooting, the common german way of shooting resistance members in occupied territories. With the exception of eight people who were sentenced to death, everyone else survived the war.
Flammen & Citronen (2008)
Unlike the Italian and French resistance groups, Denmark's small geographical environment and developed cities make the resistance more adept at assassination. The assassins of the two partners are very different in age, experience, personality, etc., but they have come together for the same purpose. With the long period of killing, their personalities are gradually destroyed in the war, becoming cold killers. But even so, they still can't get rid of some of the weaknesses in their personalities and some of the survival problems involved in real life, which are the reasons for the sacrifice of the two in the end.
Finally, in fact, most of the time the assassinations of the resistanceists were paid for by civilians who were arrested and held hostage by the Germans, and there are not many examples of them being killed by the Germans in the operation at the end of the film, but the Germans also relied on whistleblowers to crack the attack
Flemon Bent, nicknamed Flame, is played by Thor Lindhart, whose personality burns like fire like his hair, which leads to his eventual failure on a mission and is killed
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