Welcome to: The Self-Talking President
Today, let's talk about a super virus called the human curse.
When it first appeared, it infected 358 people and died 325 people within 2 months, with a fatality rate of 90.7%.
Villages on both sides of the river turned into hell, nuns in the center of the town died one by one, and even virus experts in London were cursed.
But there are still a group of virologists who go deep into the jungle and vow to crack the cursed secret, and when they really get close to the truth, the virus suddenly disappears.
Just like playing hide-and-seek with humans, in the next 40 years, the virus will suddenly appear like a ghost, and then suddenly disappear, leaving extremely scary symptoms, the patient's internal organs and blood vessels will turn into blood and water little by little within 2 weeks, flowing out from any hole in the body, the consciousness becomes blurred, strange sounds are emitted in the throat, the body has endless high fever, vomiting and diarrhea, and some materials even appear in the patient's horrible image of spitting out his bloody intestines alive. It is recommended that you do not search.
This virus is Ebola.
It is called a human curse because, like all the principles of the human immune system that have long been known, once it enters the blood circulation, not only is there no cure, but even your immune system will collapse in front of it in an instant.
Today, we're going to talk about its story.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="376" > Ebola vs macrophages</h1>
When Ebola enters the body, it first attacks macrophages.
It would first disguise itself as a weak chicken virus and let the macrophages swallow it.
Once inside the macrophages, the nightmare begins, and Ebola immediately turns its face, blackening the macrophages on the spot.
The blackened macrophages begin to replicate the Ebola virus with their bodies according to Ebola's instructions, and the macrophages are quickly squeezed dry, and then millions of new Ebola viruses will emerge from the macrophages' bodies to infect other cells.
At the same time, the melized macrophages will also send crazy signals to the blood vessels, the front line is urgent, the front line is urgent, please immediately mobilize a large amount of tissue fluid and white blood cells to support the front line.
As a result, the white blood cells rushing to the front line have also entered a semi-black state, these white blood cells were originally born killing machines, they began to explode madly, originally, in the face of ordinary viruses, self-detonation can kill a thousand enemies, self-damage eight hundred, from our physical point of view, this is the wound inflammation, redness and swelling.
But in Ebola, the semi-black white blood cells explode madly, which becomes an attack mode of killing twenty enemies and losing ten thousand.
Thus, internal bleeding began to appear.
Semi-blackened white blood cells continue to ask for support from blood vessels, so more tissue fluid and a larger army of white blood cells are sent to the battlefield, which also means that larger blackening, internal bleeding is about to become a steady stream of blood, and the terrible symptoms of seven bleeding are about to appear.
The body has already begun to have a fever, the body temperature has soared to 38 ° C, and the third line of defense has entered a state of combat.
And just as the commander of the defensive line, the dendritic cells, came to the lymph, an even more terrifying killer appeared.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="379" > Ebola vs dendritic cells</h1>
Originally, as we said in the smallpox program, dendritic cells would paste photos of the virus all over the body when the second line of defense was almost unable to hold up, and 800 Lijia rushed back to the lymph, ran all over the body, and asked who knew the virus and who knew the virus while running.
But now, when these dendritic cells covered with Ebola pictures run back to the lymph, we find that they have long been blackened, and they are constantly releasing Ebola virus outwards.
At the same time, they also issued instructions for immediate suicide everywhere in the lymph, and the initial T cells and killer T cells that were instructed to cut their abdomen on the spot...
It turns out that when facing the smallpox army, dendritic cells will stop at nothing to find and recognize viral T cells and B cells, let them rush to the front line, produce antibodies and eventually kill the virus.
But now, it's all just not working.
Originally, in this case, the body actually left a hand, that is, there are still many natural killer cells lurking in the lymph
They are jinyiwei who specialize in preventing dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells from regurgitating water, but now, just when Jinyiwei is ready to chop off these blackened cells, they find that they already have thousands of Ebola viruses around them, and they are also infected, and Jinyiwei has also begun to blacken...
This is the end of the immune system, the body's three lines of defense have all been broken, the body temperature has soared to 40 ° C, the body is desperate to fight, with a high fever and the virus to die together.
Usually, the rate of virus reproduction decreases by 6.3 times for every 1°C increase in body temperature, and immune cell activity is also increased by 5 to 6 times.
But at this time, it is obvious that the body is being teased by the Ebola virus, because although the virus is afraid of high temperatures, the blackened immune legions in the body can still fight in high temperatures.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="388" > Ebola vs body</h1>
When Ebola attacks the body, it concentrates its fire on the liver first.
The liver is also the center that regulates the various organs.
Then, the liver begins to fail, a large amount of blood is released into the body, then the kidneys begin to fail, the spleen is anxious, and the intestines begin to melt...
Now it is not a situation that can be described by internal bleeding, the blood in the body began to be like a fountain, the fragments of tissue mixed with various organs spurted outward, endless vomiting and diarrhea appeared, the blood began to penetrate outward from every hole in the body, and the eyes also became a blood ball, and began to bleed outward...
The brain is still dead support, Ebola virus can not penetrate the brain for a while and a half, but the high fever has short-circuited the brain, the brain wants to leave the last words, but the throat and tongue have been unable to make normal speech, coupled with the already confused consciousness, at this time, from your throat, is some human can not understand the voice at all...
It could all happen in just 3-5 days, with explosions in every part of the body.
But the battle is not over, and the body still has the last stud card, that is, the cytokine storm.
The body has studded, all the immune cells have been unsealed, and you are now killing arbitrarily on this dying body...
This is the last killer skill of the body to counter violence with violence, and the probability of success is not more than one in ten.
But even this hole card has long been seen through by Ebola.
After the seal was lifted, the immune cells ran rampant throughout the body, which in turn caused more blood to leave the blood vessels, and now, the fountain has become a flood...
The body has a serious lack of water, red blood cells can not send enough oxygen to the whole body, the cells in various tissues and organs lose oxygen, begin to die in pieces, more and more tissue fragments begin to fall off, followed by the flood to leave the body...
It's almost day 7, and the body has become a pool of blood that is melting away, and even the tiniest capillaries are bleeding outward.
This is called Ebola haemorrhagic fever, which is the scientific name for Ebola virus disease.
Throughout the pathogenesis, the virus's killer skill is to blacken immune cells, and why can it blacken various immune cells?
Behind this, it is actually related to the photo of it.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="395" > photo of Ebola</h1>
We dug a hole in the front, and that is, we said that the photos of dendritic cells all over the body, whether it is smallpox, coronaviruses, or viruses that you will encounter on Mars in the next 100 years, their pictures will definitely be recognized by some T cells and B cells that have existed in your body millions of years ago.
This is actually because the body uses the most violent method of exhaustion.
The genes for the virus to form photos are not complicated, that is, a combination of sticks, triangles, blocks, spirals, and more than a dozen shapes.
These combinations, like lottery tickets, can be calculated in full according to genetic rules.
Scientists have calculated that all the possibilities of virus photos are about 100 million.
It is equivalent to the virus lottery company can only open 100 million possible lottery tickets.
So, the body bought all these 100 million possibilities, felt uninsured, and found out the rules that other lottery companies could think of and the numbers that could be used, and bought them again.
Scientists calculated and found that the total number of lottery tickets bought by the body was at least 10 billion.
So, no matter how the virus draws in its 100 million lottery tickets in the future, the body can find a lottery ticket it has already bought to claim the prize.
The process of finding this winning lottery ticket is the process of dendritic cells finding helper T cells and helper T cells looking for B cells.
But why do Ebola pictures blacken immune cells?
This is actually because the cell does not have eyes, can not see the photo, can only use the blind person to touch the elephant to identify the photo.
There are all kinds of different claws on the cells, and the shape of these claws is actually one of the 10 billion lottery tickets that the body has already bought.
Then, the BUG appeared, and the body felt that since I had bought 10 billion lottery tickets, if I didn't use it normally, it would be too much of a loss.
So the body lets the cells use these 10 billion kinds of claws to touch each other and exchange information.
The Ebola virus exploits this vulnerability, and the combination of graphics on its photos is actually an access control code often used by dendritic cells.
That is to say, when Ebola takes the picture out and shows it to the dendritic cells, the dendritic cells will think that this is their own person, shake hands with it, and then send it into their own body...
Ebola then inserted his genes into the genes of dendritic cells, controlling the cells and blackening them.
That's how Ebola plays with humans, so how can humans take advantage of Ebola's weaknesses?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > trigonometric equilibrium</h1>
Or go back to this triangular equilibrium that we mentioned earlier.
Like the delicate ecological balance of nature, the equilibrium triangle of viruses is that lethality, contagion, and variability cannot be combined.
Viruses like smallpox, which can be transmitted by the air and have a high fatality rate, have a poor variant.
For an airborne, highly mutated virus like the flu, the fatality rate is low.
Now that Ebola has a 90 percent horrible fatality rate, its contagious and mutated form must be abandoned.
Apparently, Ebola gave up contagiousness.
It can only be transmitted by body fluids, that is, the patient's blood, vomit, excrement, and other viral things.
Moreover, although Ebola can make the body's second and third lines of defense collapse in an instant, it can't do anything about the body's first line of defense, the skin.
As long as you don't have a small wound on your skin, in theory, even if you come into contact with Ebola, you won't be infected.
Later, scientists also controlled the epidemic through this weakness of Ebola.
It turned out that they found that there were two central points of the Ebola outbreak, one was a hospital and the other was within the family.
After the investigation, it was found that the hospital infection was due to the fact that the nuns did not use disposable syringes, and after injecting the syringes of Ebola patients, they injected normal people, so that the virus entered the normal body through the syringes.
Family infection is because in African funeral customs, the relatives of the deceased have to dispose of the body like a mummy, to take out all the dirty things in the stomach of the deceased to clean up, and before the burial, the relatives also have to come to touch the deceased, so that the Ebola virus on the deceased will enter the body through the small wound on the skin of the family member...
Later, virologists strictly managed the disinfection process of hospitals in Africa, banned the original funeral customs, and quickly extinguished the Ebola epidemic.
Therefore, Ebola virus is not so easy to leave Africa, it is actually sealed in a triangular equilibrium.
Why, then, do virologists warn that Ebola is a human curse?
In fact, just like the last time humans found a way to defeat smallpox through triangular balance.
The Ebola virus, it is also very likely, will eventually find a way to break the seal through the triangulation balance.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zaire, 1976</h1>
Back in 1976, the first Ebola patient appeared in the Diocese of Yanbuku in the Republic of Zaire, Africa.
He, a 44-year-old local teacher who had just returned from the northern jungle, said that after tasting jungle meat in the north, he felt a little uncomfortable, like malaria.
So the nun at the hospital put a quinine in his arm and told him that she would cure your malaria.
Turning their heads, the nuns plunged the needle into the arm of the next patient waiting for the injection, a 16-year-old teenager.
At the back of the line was a 25-year-old woman, also waiting for injections.
It was September 1, and on September 10, the 25-year-old woman and her husband died in a thatched hut, a horrific death, covered with blood, and the terrified villagers burned down the house.
On September 7, the 16-year-old also died in his thatched house, and just a day later, the little sister who cared for him also collapsed in a pool of blood.
On September 8, the 44-year-old teacher also died of bleeding, and his family held a funeral for him.
On 20 September, the teacher's mother died of the same horrific symptoms, and she had treated the teacher's body before the onset of the disease.
On 25 September, of the 30 people who attended the teacher's funeral, 21 fell ill, including 18 more.
Throughout September, the hospitals of the Diocese of Yanbuku were crowded with infected patients, and the wards were covered with blood.
One by one, the nuns died, and their blood samples were sent back to Belgium.
A 27-year-old Ph.D. in virology named Peter Karel Piot has finally seen the question mark-like filament virus Ebola for the first time from an electron microscope.
The World Health Organization immediately organized a team of experts to rush to the affected area to investigate.
It turned out that the hospital in Yanbuku was not the birthplace of the virus.
The most terrible epidemic area is the north on both sides of the Ebola River, where the entire village has been cleared.
The source of the virus points to the authentic delicacy - jungle meat.
That is, some bats, monkeys and other jungle animals mixed jerky...
According to the Zaire Ministry of Health, from September 1 to November 6, a total of 358 cases of illness were detected, with 325 deaths and a mortality rate of 90.7%.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > variant</h1>
The mutation came so quickly that while the World Health Organization was still investigating Zaire, the same Ebola outbreak broke out on the Sudanese border.
This variant is called Sudanese Ebola virus.
Although the fatality rate dropped to 53 percent, it became even more terrifyingly contagious when the Sudanese virus was sent back to a laboratory in London and begun to be studied by a virologist named Geoffrey Platt.
It was November 5, and Jeffrey was preparing to transfer the virus sample from one guinea pig to another, and he was careful, wearing three layers of latex gloves.
As a result, the hand still slipped a little, and he felt as if the needle had stuck to the tip of his thumb.
He first stayed for a few seconds, and then suddenly came back to his senses, quickly took off his gloves and shouted, hurry, hurry up and squeeze out the blood...
But as a result, no matter how hard he tried, there was no blood flowing out, he was still talking to himself, bleeding, bleeding fast.
The dizziness and collapse of emotions constantly attacked his brain, he soaked his hands in the disinfection bucket, soaked for two minutes, and then slowly calmed down and began to feel a little ridiculous.
Just wearing three layers of gloves, there is no bleeding wound on the hand, maybe the needle did not hit the skin at all, really almost scared to death.
After drying his hands, he used a magnifying glass to look closely for the wound on his thumb and saw nothing.
Jeffrey breathed a sigh of relief and felt that it was a false alarm.
And he didn't know that just now, when his heart was pounding with fright, the virus had entered the capillaries through the tiny wound on his thumb that could not be seen by the naked eye, and then it had been transported to his whole body by his powerful heartbeat.
By November 11, Jeffrey had a high fever of 38 °C, he calmly took his own blood, sat down in front of the electron microscope, and sure enough, he saw the Ebola virus like a question mark in the blood sample.
Then Jeffrey put on a big mask, called the police, and began waiting for death.
He was smiling bitterly, he was still careless after all, and in the 6 days of being injured, he actually commuted to work as usual and lived with his wife and children.
After receiving the alarm, the London authorities urgently isolated more than 300 people, thankfully, and finally only Jeffrey was infected, fortunately, he was infected with Sudanese Ebola, with a fatality rate of only 53%.
In the end, Jeffrey was rescued in a plastic cabin for 49 days and survived.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > break the seal</h1>
Mutation is exactly how Ebola breaks the triangular seal.
These two appearances in 1976 showed its powerful ability to mutate.
Virologists are constantly wondering if Ebola will remain hidden in bats and constantly mutate.
Will it become longer-latency, longer-term infection, and airborne transmission the next time it reappears?
But, just after 1976, Ebola suddenly disappeared, and virologists couldn't even confirm whether it came from bats, and a big war ended hastily.
It wasn't until 13 years later that Ebola reappeared.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > 1989</h1>
It was November 5 again, and there was a terrifying scene on the port of Reston in Virginia, USA.
When the cabin of a cargo ship was opened, blood poured out like a small river, and a large group of crab-eating monkeys that were healthy in the cabin fell into the pool of blood, and the surviving monkeys were already bloodshot, roaring and biting madly.
Then, the quarantine results made everyone take a breath of cool air, and the monkey's blood sample appeared again with the terrifying question mark virus, Ebola.
Cargo ships sailed from the Philippines to the United States and drifted at sea for months, proving that the incubation period of this new type of Ebola was longer, and the fatality rate did not decrease in the slightest in terms of the proportion of monkey casualties.
It is mutating in the direction that virologists fear most.
And how did these Ebolas, which only appeared in the African jungle 13 years ago, infect monkeys in the Philippines?
The routes of transmission have also become more bizarre.
The port of Reston was immediately cordoned off, but three months later, the outbreak broke out simultaneously in Reston, Texas and the Philippines.
Fortunately, the Reston Ebola virus that mutated this time can only kill monkeys, although it can also infect humans, but there have been no cases of human deaths from Reston Ebola virus so far.
In 2012, traces of Reston-type Ebola have been found in the body of Chinese bats, and it seems that it has quietly lurked around the world.
Many films depict how the Ebola virus was brought to the United States from Africa and how the horrific epidemic was defused in time by an American hero.
But in fact, the story of Reston-type Ebola already tells us that if Ebola erupts in reality, it must be more exaggerated than these movies.
Let's ask another question, that is, why aren't bats killed by Ebola?
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > bat</h1>
About 5 million years ago, bats had a genetic mutation.
This mutation gave it the ability to edit its own genes, and it happened to edit the telomere gene that was in charge of lifespan.
Originally, among mammals, there is such a law, the smaller the animal, the faster the heart beats, the shorter the lifespan.
For example, elephants jump 26 times a minute and live for 60 years.
Blue whales can jump only 2 times per minute at a minimum and have a lifespan of 90 years.
Rats have up to 500 beats per minute and live only 2 years.
Squirrels are slightly larger than mice, so even if they are 350 beats per minute, their life expectancy has been extended to 8 years.
Humans are already metamorphosed, between squirrels and elephants, with a heart rate of 70, but can live to be seventy or eighty years old.
But the most buggy is the bat, which is about the same size as a mouse, and the heart rate can reach 1,000 beats per minute when flying.
Therefore, according to the proportion of rats, bats may only have a few months of lifespan.
However, bats can live to be more than 40 years old.
In fact, this is the result of a genetic mutation 5 million years ago.
Originally, the bat chose to fly in a flying suit, which means that its heartbeat is fast and its life expectancy must be greatly shortened.
But at this time, the system did not know how to be hacked in by bats, and changed the genes so that bats could control their own cellular telomeres.
Originally, the faster the heartbeat will lead to the faster the cell divides, and every time the cell divides, the telomeres are shortened, the telomeres are gone, the cells cannot divide, and the life span is over.
But after the system was blacked out, the bat could directly replenish its own telomeres.
This allows it to cross the unscrupulous to increase the load on its own body, anyway, the cell can divide forever, the life span is long.
So, with the help of a super high heartbeat, it can easily raise its body temperature above 40 ° C.
For every 1°C increase in body temperature, the rate of virus reproduction decreases by a factor of 6.3, and the activity of immune cells increases by 5 to 6 times, and this law also applies to bats.
So, this ultra-high heart rate and body temperature, which ignores telomeres, also brings a super immune system to bats.
Almost all pathogens, viruses, bacteria, and parasites can be sealed by the super immune system of bats, and then slowly refined in its body.
Until the guy ran and grabbed a bat and came back to sashimi...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > superpowers</h1>
This superpower of Ebola was first discovered in 2015, when an American doctor named Ian Crozier was unfortunately infected with Ebola while supporting the front line.
After that, he was transported back to the United States by the sealed cabin, and in the process of rescue, various hemodialysis, ventilators, serum therapy, and the legendary RNA interference therapy were all used, and finally he was returned to the human world after 42 days.
Then, the doctors could not detect Ebola from his blood and urine, so they announced the cure and Klose was discharged from the hospital.
But just 10 weeks later, he suddenly felt that his left eye was a little blurred, his eyeball began to be congested, and his original blue iris had turned green.
Back at the hospital, doctors drew some bodily fluids from his eyeballs, and as a result, live Ebola virus was found in these fluids.
That is, Ebola can hide in the eyes of the recovered.
Incredibly, doctors surveyed 85 more people who had recovered from Ebola, and 40 percent of them had live viruses found in their eyeballs that could barely be removed.
At the same time, the investigation also found that the Ebola virus can survive in the semen of male recovered people for a long time, with the longest case surviving for 6 months.
This is the cunning Ebola virus, which can not only be hidden in nature to mutate quietly, but even hidden in the human body.
We know of its existence, but we have chosen to ignore it for the time being, because it is still sealed on the African continent, still sealed in the triangular balance.
But in fact, the switch that seals this human curse is not in our human hands.
Well, today's story is shared here, thank you.
Finally, Madame said, "Ebola Virus", your episode of the show successfully awakened many people's childhood nightmares.
(End)
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