Source: Reading Special
On September 1 this year, the "Regulations on the Protection of the Ecological Environment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") came into effect, and the original "Regulations on Environmental Protection of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone" were abolished. "The difference in the word 'ecology' in the names of the two regulations reflects the renewal of the concept of ecological civilization under the new situation, declaring the change of Thinking in Shenzhen from environmental governance to ecological governance, from eliminating environmental pollution to restoring ecological functions." Zhai Shengqiang, director of the Ecology Center of the Shenzhen Research Institute of Peking University, said that the "Regulations" have a special chapter on "protection and restoration", which has innovatively formed a mechanism and action constraint for the whole field and process of ecological protection and restoration, and is a comprehensive local ecological protection regulation with distinct "source-process-restoration" life cycle characteristics.
Limited source: Provide standards and path demonstrations for domestic urban ecological protection and restoration
First, development activities that do not meet the spatial control requirements of ecological protection redlines are prohibited, and the area of ecological protection redlines must not be reduced. This is crucial for Shenzhen to give full play to the role of the demarcated ecological protection red line and ensure the basic ecological functions of the city.
The second is to require that the preparation and revision of national land spatial planning adhere to ecological priority, and implement ecological environment zoning control at the municipal level. This puts forward rigid requirements for Shenzhen to promote green and low-carbon industrial layout, land use and development and construction, which can effectively avoid the shortcomings of long-standing regional development and ecological conflicts in traditional planning and lagging supervision.
The third is to authorize the relevant departments of the municipal government to compile mandatory local standards for the ecological environment and mandatory local standards for product environmental protection that are stricter than the state or Guangdong Province, and encourage enterprises and social groups to formulate and implement relevant enterprise and group standards that are stricter than national standards or local standards. Under the background that the quality of Shenzhen's ecological environment has been at a good level in China for a long time, but there is still a certain gap compared with the world-class bay area, the adoption of stricter standards will strongly support Shenzhen to continue to promote ecological improvement, enhance regional development and product competitiveness, and provide standards and path demonstrations for domestic urban ecological protection and restoration.
The fourth is to practice the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" to achieve positive interaction between ecological protectors and beneficiaries. The "Regulations" make it clear that in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and Guangdong Province, a compensation mechanism for ecological protection shall be established and improved, and ecological protection compensation shall be implemented in areas where development is prohibited, key ecological function areas, and key areas such as forests, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, and cultivated land.
Fifth, the prohibition of reclamation will be written into the regulations on ecological environmental protection, which can provide support for Shenzhen's comprehensive protection of natural shoreline and maintenance of coastal ecological functions from the regulations.
Strong process: Clearly requires the establishment of an accounting system for the gross production value of ecosystems
The first is to make provisions for the construction of an ecological monitoring network for land and sea coordination. It provides the basis and conditions for Shenzhen to further normalize, refine and clarify the ecological base and dynamic changes, and provide a basis for the investigation and assessment of the ecological status of Shenzhen's hierarchical classification.
The second is to clearly require the establishment of an accounting system for the gross production value of ecosystems as the basis for the assessment of the goal of ecological civilization construction and ecological compensation. This is the first to provide a measuring yardstick for quantifying the functions of different ecosystems in Shenzhen, consolidating the main responsibilities of various districts and departments in Shenzhen, and improving the awareness of ecological services in the whole society.
The third is to innovate the environmental impact assessment system and implement the regional spatial integration assessment. It is conducive to the effective implementation of the requirements of "decentralization service" in the construction of Shenzhen's modern ecological governance system. The environmental benefit evaluation of innovative construction projects, as an important basis for green industry identification, green investment and government subsidies, can improve the subjective initiative of market players and enhance the level of positive interaction of ecological protection of "the government sets up a stage and enterprises sing".
The fourth is to make clear legal arrangements for the establishment and improvement of the marine ecological disaster monitoring, early warning and emergency response system for the first time. Changing the long-standing ecological governance problem of "heavy land area, light sea area", Shenzhen's construction of a global ocean center city needs to further exert its marine advantages, and it is more necessary to have a sober prejudgment of marine risks, in order to implement the concept of "land and sea overall planning and sea land determination" in the field of ecological protection and restoration, which has an important demonstration effect for the realization of comprehensive and coordinated sustainable development of coastal cities across the country.
Restoration: Elevate ecological restoration and urban biodiversity conservation to a prominent and important position
The first is to establish a way to improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem with natural restoration as the mainstay and artificial restoration as a supplement, and to restore the river system, mangrove wetland and shoreline of Shenzhen where the ecological function is degraded or lost. The law explicitly says "no" to destructive engineering measures and provides regulatory safeguards for the introduction of eco-friendly restoration schemes.
The second is to clarify the main responsibility of the people's governments of Shenzhen Municipality and districts, require urban development and construction units to carry out protection and restoration simultaneously in the implementation of the project, and organize the implementation of rectification and reform of existing projects that do not meet the requirements of ecological environmental protection. This has pressed the "stop button" on inaction, slow action, pseudo-ecology and other issues in urban construction.
The third is to formulate and improve the ecological restoration standards by the relevant departments of the municipal government, and evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration in key areas, river basins and sea areas where ecological restoration is implemented. This law can ensure that Shenzhen's future ecological restoration projects meet the standards and achieve results.
Zhai Shengqiang believes that the Regulations elevate the protection of urban biodiversity to a prominent and important position, and provide a legal guarantee for Shenzhen to carry out the protection of biodiversity with urban characteristics. The first is to prepare an action plan for biodiversity conservation, determine the overall objectives, strategic tasks and priority actions for biodiversity conservation, and clarify the scope of key conservation and protection areas. The second is to strengthen the protection of the natural concentrated distribution areas of wild animals and the migration and migration channels of wild animals, and carry out biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration of habitats with seriously degraded ecological functions and typical ecosystems that are fragmented. The third is to formulate a supplementary list of key protected species and a supplementary list of important natural habitat protection in Shenzhen as needed, and implement key protection and rescue protection for specific species. The fourth is to establish and improve mechanisms for the protection of wild animals and plants in situ and ex situ. The fifth is to strengthen the prevention and response to invasive alien species. Sixth, it is clearly stipulated that large-scale excessive planting of single varieties of ornamental forests is prohibited. Shenzhen's macro-level arrangements and programmatic initiatives for biodiversity conservation can serve as a model for cities implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Zhai Shengqiang said that the implementation of the "Regulations" has laid a good foundation for Shenzhen, a super-large city, to take the lead in embarking on an innovative and dynamic ecological development road, which can effectively promote the coordination and unification of the construction of beautiful rivers and lakes and the construction of beautiful bays, the coordination and unity of the realization of the value of ecological products and the construction of urban development, and the coordination and unification of ecological protection and restoration and social and economic development.
(Original title: Zhai Shengqiang, Director of the Ecology Center of the Shenzhen Research Institute of Peking University: Shenzhen Carries out Ecological Protection and Restoration Life Cycle System Innovation"
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