Speaking of the Soviet Red Army after the October Revolution, I believe that everyone knows and knows! During the period of the Russian Civil War, the biggest enemy of the Red Army was undoubtedly the White Army, also known as the White Guard, and the Red Army were opposites in name, in fact, both sides also regarded the opponent as a mortal enemy, the Red Army and the White Army, both of them "either you die or I live"!
October revolution
The White Army is called for two main reasons: First, the Red Army is represented by red, and white is the opposite color of red. In addition, the White Army was based on royalist parties, and in the Tsarist era, white became the representative color of the royal family, and the Tsar was often called "White Tsar". The Russian White Army is really just a collective term for a camp that has emerged in a special historical context, and is not a complete and independent army in the true sense.
Historians generally believe that the White Army did not have a unified organization, but was a collective term for a series of military organizations opposed to the Red Army, composed mainly of royalists, militarists and moderate socialists who supported the Tsar. The main generals of the White Army, such as Denikin and Kolchak, have always been derogatorily referred to by the Red Army as the "White Bandit Army".
War repeats
But at a time when the Red Army and the White Army were fiercely fighting, a "black army" active in Ukraine also joined the melee, and where did this black army kill the "dark horse"? I believe that many people do not know that this so-called black army is actually the Ukrainian revolutionary rebel army led by Makhno.
This black army composed of "rogues" was called by the Bolsheviks as "a gangster who specializes in robbing houses and robbing houses, and after today does not want to be tomorrow's gangsters", a large number of Jews and Ukrainian peasants became the main components of the black army. At that time, the White Army received strong support from Britain, the United States, France, and Japan, because these countries were afraid of the Bolshevik regime in the Soviet Union, and they tried to overthrow the Bolshevik rule of the Soviet Union and continue to push the White Army into the First World War.
The Tsar's family
These countries supported the White Army in Siberia, Ukraine, crimea and the Far East, and even assisted the White Army in establishing a puppet regime as a base for the anti-Soviet Red Army, thus making the Red Army very difficult in the early battles. The black army that suddenly appeared was neither enemy nor friend to either the White Army nor the Red Army, but its relationship with the Bolsheviks was more complicated, at least later maintaining a subordination relationship on the surface.
In early September 1919, when the russian white army Denikin's troops approached the city of Moscow, the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, Trotsky, urgently summoned the Black Army to reinforce! On 25 September, the Black Army unexpectedly attacked Denikin's transport line in eastern Ukraine, and the two armies fought a decisive battle near the Sinuha River.
The battle soon became white-hot, with all the men of the Black Army Command taking up rifles to join the battle, and they also engaged in fierce hand-to-hand combat with the White Army. By the next day, the Black Army finally defeated the main force of the White Army, a large number of soldiers jumped into the river and drowned, and the logistics line of the White Army was also cut off by the Black Army, and in October, the Red Army also officially launched a general offensive, and the White Army was defeated under the joint attack of the Red Army and the Black Army!
As the Red Army gradually grasped the overall situation, the delicate relationship with the Makhno Black Army began to become dangerous, and the Black Army always refused to allow the Red Army to send political commissars into the army, and did not want supplies from the Red Army, and their weapons and ammunition came almost all from prisoners. As early as July 1918, there was an incident in which 40,000 Red Army mutinied and joined the Black Army, and the Red Army, which was insufficient at that time, swallowed this breath.
Therefore, after completely crushing Denikin's White Army attack, the Red Army began to deal with this powerful Black Army, and the Red Army general at that time, Trotsky, sent a vanguard of 20,000 people to raid the Black Army camp, but was defeated by the Black Army in less than a day.
In July 1920, Trotsky came up with another solution, that is, to let the Red Army voluntarily abandon the positions in southern Ukraine, so that the flanks of the Black Army were exposed to the Cossack cavalry of the Russian and White Armies, and the Black Army had to retreat with a large number of Ukrainian refugees. However, the result disappointed Trotsky, and the Black Army's retreat was followed by a sudden killing of a rifle, defeating the Cossack cavalry and taking 4,000 prisoners.
Unable to do anything about it, Trotsky was discouraged and had to make peace with the Black Army again, and the Black Army agreed happily, on the condition that all the Prisoners of War of the Black Army be released. On October 15, 1920, the Red Army and the Black Army signed an alliance treaty, and the two brothers fought off the Cossack White Army together (more wonderful than the Romance of the Three Kingdoms).
But two weeks after the two brothers defeated the White Cossack Army together, on November 26, 1920, the main commanders and staff officers of the Black Army were invited to attend a military meeting of the Southern Command of the Red Army, and as soon as they arrived, they were arrested, and after a hasty verdict was pronounced, they were all taken to the execution ground for execution. At the same time, the 300,000 fully loaded Red Army, under the cover of tanks, armored vehicles, and aircraft, launched a major attack on the 10,000 Black Army directly under Makhno.
Lenin
The fierce battle lasted for eight months, until the following summer, when the Black Army had only 1,200 men left, and Mahno fled across the border to Romania with 77 of his cronies, and the "Black Army" withdrew from history. Due to the lack of strong leaders of the White Army, many internal divisions arose, and finally lost to the Red Army led by Trotsky in the battle, and many of the White Army's generals were arrested and executed, and some fled abroad.
The main battle between the Red Army and the White Army actually ended largely in 1920, but the war did not stop completely until 1922. The end of the war also led to the complete inundation of history by the White and Black Armies, and the Soviet Union was officially established on December 30, 1922.
"History Miscellaneous Station"