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Text/Lei Jian
"Ode to the Virgin" originally referred to the Catholic hymn to the Virgin Mary, the lyrics of which were determined by the Holy See at the Council of Trot in 1545, and there are many precepts. After entering the 19th century, in addition to the lyrics of the Virgin Mary, the other precepts were broken, the lyrics and melodies were greatly changed, and the composer's personal feelings and worldly feelings seeped into it, making the "Ode to the Virgin" appear in a variety of forms. The more famous ones are Kaccini's "Ode to the Virgin", Mascagni's "Virgin Mary", Gouno and Bach's "Ode to the Virgin", and Schubert's "Ode to the Virgin". Among them, Schubert's Ode to the Virgin mary and Gounod are best known for their own "contemplation" and the first C major prelude in Bach's "Average Rhythm Piano Song Collection", forming a seamless sketch "Ode to the Virgin".
"Lady on the Lake" published by Hunan People's Publishing House
Schubert's "Ode to the Virgin" was written in 1825 during his seven-month joint tour with the tenor Fogel, based on the famous British poet Scott's long poem "The Lady on the Lake".
Schubert
Born in Edinburgh in 1771 to a family of lawyers, Walter Scott heard many ancient legends and ballads of the Scottish Highlands from an early age from his grandmother. In 1789 Scott entered the University of Edinburgh to study law, and during the holidays, he often traveled to the Scottish mountains, collecting many ancient legends and folk songs, laying the foundation for him to write a collection of poems with Scottish style. In 1805 he wrote his debut poem", The Last Bard, which began to emerge in the literary world. In 1808 and 1810 he published the long poems Mamion and The Lady on the Lake, which shook the Scottish and English literary scenes.
English poet Scott
Scottsheard and collected Scottish legends and ballads as a teenager gave him the source of his poems depicting the life of the Scottish Highlanders. On September 17, 1809, Scott wrote to his friend R. Scott. Surtees said: "I spent some time on the shores of Lake Rhodes and heard many legends that almost released the poetry in my head. In 1830, in his preface to the reprint of The Laker's Lady, he began by saying: "The ancient way of life and customs of the Scottish people seem to me to be particularly suitable for the writing of psalms." Their way of life has changed around the very time I live, but I have heard at least a few legends from the older generation of the Population about the ancient land of the Scottish Highlands. I often want to write a poem about the life of the ancient Scottish Gaelic people. ”
The story takes place on the shores of Lake Canterin, Scotland. Disguised as a hunter, King James meets and falls in love with the beautiful girl Ellen on a small island on the shores of Lake Kante, but he later respects the girl's wishes and abandons the idea of marrying her, allowing her to form a good relationship with her sweetheart. But this popular romance isn't the only one of Scott's Psalms. Scott's description of the natural beauty of the Scottish Highlands and his account of the conquest wars and love stories between the Highland tribes together constitute the majestic scene of this long poem. The turquoise canterine lake, the verdant foothills of the Beian Mountains, the magnificent Trossachs Highlands, like pearls adorned with psalms, even the appearance of Allen's girl is so beautiful:
"The maidens on the ship stand tall,
As if trying to catch the ethereal trumpet.
She stood at the bow of the ship and looked up,
Listen with your eyes wide open,
Look at her cloud beard halfway, vermilion lips slightly enlightened,
Just like the jade carvings of ancient Greece, Chuchu is moving,
Watch her hold her breath, like a fool,
It seems to be the guardian goddess of this fairy lake. ”
"Lady on the Lake" consists of six chapters with a prologue and an ending song. Schubert's "Ode to the Virgin Mary", based on Allen's poem "Hymn to the Virgin Mary," appears in the third chapter, The Collection. At the same time, Roderick was leading his soldiers on the way to the langleek meadows of the meeting place, and in the evening the team was resting in the jungle, when Roderick heard the distant sound of a harp accompanied by a song. It was Alan chanting "Hymn to the Virgin Mary":
Van Foley! Gentle virgin!
Listen to the hopes of a young girl!
You can hear my prayers in the wilderness,
You can give me strength and courage from despair.
Although we have been slandered and homeless,
Sleep peacefully under your protection;
Holy Virgin! Listen to the prayer of a young girl;
Holy Virgin! Listen to the lamentations of a child!
Hail mary!
Hail mary! Faithful virgin!
If you can send me a gift,
The cold stone bed in this desolate cave
It will be as comfortable as a duck down bed.
If you can smile at us,
This dull air will become incomparably fragrant;
Our Lady yo! Listen to the lamentations of a child!
Hail mary! Pure virgin!
Just see your beautiful figure,
All the demons and ghosts in the world
They would all flee in panic.
Under the guidance of your gods,
We avoid all kinds of worries;
O Virgin, please listen to the lamentations of a child!
The young girl Ellen and her father fled to lord Roderick's territory to escape the scourge of war, and Roderick's mother, Moory (known as the Lady of the Lake), and Roderick took in Allen's father and daughter despite the wrath of the Scottish king. I thought I could live in another place, who knew that King James of Scotland had led an army to attack Roderick, and a war was imminent. Ellen took refuge with his servants in the mountains, where he sang a prayer and hymn for the blessed virgin.
Statue of Our Lady of Raphael
This hymn of the Virgin Mary and the 15th century Virgin Mary have many secular prayers. In 1475, Nou DePre (1440-1521), a contemporary of leonardo da Vinci, composed a four-voice verse song, Ode to the Virgin, which became a classic of the later Ode to the Virgin, with lyrics full of praise for the Virgin:
Hail mary
You are full of grace
The Lord is with you,
Venerable Virgin.
Blessed be your birth
What joy,
Heaven and earth are overflowing
New joy.
Blessed be your birth
Bring us joy,
Like the morning star Venus
Rise before sunrise.
Blessed be you, pious and humble,
Virginity is blessed,
The angel announces the good news
Bring us the Savior.
Blessed, the True Virgin,
Immaculate chastity,
Your purity
Make us purify.
Blessed, of all virtues
The most honorable,
Your ascension
It is our glory.
O Our Lady,
Please remember me. amen.
In 1825, Schubert read the German version of "The Lady on the Lake" on the way to tour with the singer Fogel, and was impressed by the rhythm of the eight-syllable biline and Allen's hymn, especially this 5,000-line long poem, which you can read from any chapter, and the rhythm that can be recited at any time like a musical poem makes Schubert even more moved. During the tour, he wrote "Allen's Song" based on Allen's "Hymn to the Virgin Mary", and the third song was "Ode to the Virgin". During the tour, Fogel sang the song many times and was loved by the audience, and Schubert was very proud of the song, and he could not wait to write to his father on the way.
The lyrics of this song are no longer the hymns of the Bible in the Bible from angels Gabriel and Elizabeth to the Virgin Mary, as used in the traditional hymns of the Virgin Mary, but the prayer of the secular people for a better life, which is the yearning of the young girl Ellen for a peaceful and peaceful life in the years of war and turmoil, hoping that the Virgin Mary will give a quiet life. At the beginning of the song, the accompaniment piano imitates the arpeggio of the harp, setting off the atmosphere of piety, purity and quiet beauty, which is moving.
Today, Schubert's "Ode to the Virgin" is a masterpiece of his art songs, becoming a must-sing song for singers and a classic repertoire played by various instruments. When the melody of Schubert's "Ode to the Virgin" sounds, people will stand in awe and stop to listen. At the end of November 2019, the 66-year-old Martin Hekens, the 2010 champion of the Dutch Voice, sang this "Ode to Our Lady" on the streets of Amsterdam, and passers-by forgot the rain and snow in the pious and quiet song, and stopped to listen.
【About the Author】
Lei Jian, media person, philharmonic person. Since 2019, he has written articles to interpret Western classical songs from the perspective of reading original literary works, and has become a series.
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