Saluyelean was a prehistoric global religious powerhouse and a city that preserves the complete history of the evolution of Abrahamic beliefs. It is a holy place of Christianity, Judaism and Islam. The 2000 Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook shows that Jerusalem is home to 1,204 synagogues, 158 churches and 73 mosques. Jerusalem is a haven of peaceful coexistence among religions.
Ever since the 10th century BC, Solomon's Temple (the First Temple) was built in Jerusalem, which has been the center of the Jewish faith and the holiest city. The symbolic value of Jerusalem to Judaism has remained unchanged. The Holy of Holies in the Temple of Jerusalem before its destruction housed the Ark of the Covenant, the holiest place in Judaism, and only one high priest was eligible to enter the Holy Of Holies once a year. All Israelite men must come to Jerusalem three times a year (Passover, Tabernaclus, and Pentecost) for religious holidays. Today, synagogues around the world still face Jerusalem when praying, and the buildings, if possible, are also designed to face Jerusalem, towards the place where the Holy of Holies are located in 70 AD, when the Temple was razed by the Romans, leaving only part of the retaining wall on the west side of the Temple. The Western Wall, as a remnant of the Second Temple, thus became the holiest site of Judaism outside of the Temple Mount.
Christianity reveres Jerusalem not only for its role in the Old Testament, but also because Jerusalem is the place where Jesus was crucified, buried, and resurrected. Jesus taught that worship of God depends on heart and honesty, "not on this mountain, nor in Jerusalem." According to the Gospels. Jesus was taken to Jerusalem shortly after his birth, and when He was 12 years old, he accompanied his parents to Jerusalem to observe the Passover and cleansed the temple before his crucifixion. Jesus spent the last week of his life in Jerusalem, during the Passover. The address to enter The Last Supper of Jesus in Jerusalem is located on Mount Zion, next to the tomb of King David. There are also "Bitter Roads" and "Fourteen Stations of The Way of Wrangles" in the Old City of Jerusalem, commemorating Jesus carrying the cross to the execution ground. Goltha, the place where Jesus was crucified, is located in today's Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the most important church and Christian pilgrimage site in the Old City. The Gospel of John simply states that the place was located outside the city of Jerusalem, but recent archaeological evidence shows that Goltha was located not far from the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, within the limits of today's city.
Jerusalem is also generally considered the third holiest city in Islam. Before Mecca, Jerusalem was the direction of Prayer for Muslims. After Muhammad's nocturnal ascension in 620 (Muslims believe that Muhammad miraculously came from Mecca to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem in one night, ascended to heaven, and met with earlier prophets), Jerusalem was under long Muslim control. The Quran chapter 17 verse 1 records Muhammad's nocturnal journey to Jerusalem[6] Today two mosques on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem commemorate this event – the Al-Aqsa Mosque is mentioned in the Qur'an, and Muslims believe that the stepping stone of Muhammad's nocturnal ascension is at the Dome of the Rock.
2. Special location
Jerusalem is located in the southern judea plateau, including mounts of olives and Scopus. The altitude of the Old City of Jerusalem is about 760 meters above sea level. The whole of Jerusalem is surrounded by valleys and dry riverbeds, only the north side is not very obvious.
There are 3 distinct valleys in Jerusalem: the Valley of The Khun, the Valley of the Hinnen and the Valley of the Tylop River, which intersect south of the city of Jerusalem. The Valley passes east of the Old City, separating the Mount of Olives from the city. The Valley of The Hinnen, west of Jerusalem, is a symbol of hell in biblical eschatology. The Tyrop Valley is located in the northwest, near the location of today's Damascus Gate, and flows south-southeast into the Siloam Pool. Today, much of the Tyrop Valley has been hidden by debris that has piled up in the valley over the past thousands of years.
60 km west of Jerusalem is Tel Aviv and the Mediterranean Sea, and 35 km east is the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the Earth's surface. Jerusalem's neighboring cities are Bethlehem and Beit Jara in the south, Abu dis and Ma'al Adomim in the east, Meisellet Zion (where paraguay and Bolivian embassies are located) in the west, and Givat Zaevi in the north.
The latitude of Jerusalem is located north of the Tropic of Cancer, close to the Mediterranean Sea, and belongs to the Mediterranean climate. The city is subtropical and warm in winter, but snowfall is not uncommon, usually at least once a year. January is the coldest month of the year, with an average high temperature of 12 degrees Celsius (53 degrees Fahrenheit), while the hottest months of the year are July and August, with an average high temperature of 29 degrees Celsius (84 degrees Fahrenheit).
3. The place where cultures meet and the holy places of tourism
Jerusalem is located in the heart of Israel, with easy access to public transport to Israel and the entire West Bank. The city currently has only one light rail line, which is the most convenient mode of transportation.
Jerusalem Shopping Mall and Skytrain
While Jerusalem is primarily known worldwide for its religious shrines, the city is also home to many cultural and artistic sites. Jerusalem's architecture is mostly made of Jerusalem stone, which gives the city a unique, antiquated look. There is the Israel Museum, the 80,000 square meter museum includes several art institutions, mainly from archaeology, sculpture and traditional art from all over the world. The Most famous humanistic collection of the Israeli Museum is the Dead Sea Scrolls (found in 1947 next to the Dead Sea in Quinlan); the Dead Sea Scrolls are housed in the museum's "Shrine of the Holy Book". The museum also plays an important role in the education of children in the region, with 100,000 children visiting the museum's Youth Section each year. The Israel Museum has three affiliated art museums in Jerusalem – the Rockefeller Museum of Archaeology (formerly the Palestinian Museum of Archaeology), the Tishaw Museum, and the Perry Art Center. Opened in 1938 in East Jerusalem, the Rockefeller Museum houses prehistoric artifacts found in the first half of the 20th century. Located in the heart of Jerusalem, the Tishao Museum houses works by Israeli artist Anna Tishao.
Israel Museum
The Holocaust Memorial is one of the most visited attractions in Israel, with an area of 4,200 square meters and the world's largest library of information about the Holocaust, estimated at more than 100,000 books or papers. The museum narrates the Holocaust from a Jewish perspective. Other museums house art from survivors. In addition, there are memorial sites for the victims of the Holocaust, where commemorations are held every year on Holocaust Remembrance Day. Holocaust Memorial is a research and educational institution where visitors can reflect on the events of the Holocaust.
Israel Holocaust Memorial
The Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra is the city's famous orchestra, founded in the 1940s. The band performs not only in Jerusalem, but also in cities around the world, including Vienna, Frankfort and New York City. Within walking distance from Jerusalem's Old City, there is a cultural district that includes the Khan Theater, the city's only reserved repertoire theater, and the Jerusalem Performing Arts Center, which hosts more than 150 concerts a year. Excellent facilities such as the Jerusalem Music Center and the Palestinian National Theatre. Founded in 1984, the Palestinian National Theatre was originally the only arts and cultural institution in East Jerusalem that still performs only works from the Palestinian perspective today.
Jerusalem is home to several prestigious universities, all taught in the three most commonly spoken languages in Israel: Hebrew, Arabic and English. Founded in 1925, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem remains the most discipline-rich university in Jerusalem and Israel today. The university's original board of trustees consisted of a number of prominent Jewish intellectuals, including some world-renowned scientists—Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud. The university has produced many Nobel laureates, and the most recent Nobel laureates associated with the university are Avram Hershko, David Grouss and Daniel Kahneman. One of the university's greatest assets is the Jewish National and University Library, which holds more than 5 million volumes. Its library has been in operation since its founding more than 30 years ago in 1892, and today it is one of the world's largest resources of Jewish literature, israel's national library, and the university's central library.
What was the experience of Jerusalem?
Jerusalem was first inhabited by the Jebs, and around 1000 B.C., King David led the Israelites to massacre the Jebs, seized the city, expanded the city to the south and settled there, changing its name to today's name "Yerushalayim", and his son Solomon spent ten years building the first temple in the city after succeeding to the throne. The temple became the only religious site and center of pilgrimage in the country.
First Temple
In 607 BC, the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II attacked Jerusalem, the Babylonian army occupied and destroyed the city, the walls were destroyed, the temple was burned, and a large number of gold and silver vessels in the temple were brought to Babylon. Later, the Persian Empire Cyrus the Great destroyed the Neo-Babylonian Empire, in order to appease the peoples under the rule of the vast Persian Empire, allowed the Jews to return to Judea to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem, the Temple was rebuilt, and for the next 600 years, Judea was successively a province of the Persian Empire, the Greek Macedonian Empire, Egypt, the Seleucid Empire and the Roman Empire, and Jerusalem was the capital of the Jewish province. In 66 AD, after a failed uprising by the Jewish Horse Empire, it was regained control by the Roman Empire, and the second Temple was destroyed, driving all Jews out of Palestine and forbidding Jews to live in Jerusalem. Jerusalem became a Christian center with the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
In 638, the first conquering target of the Arab Empire was Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque were built successively. Islam has prevailed here ever since. In 1099, the Crusades, initiated by the Overseer, took over and massacred most of the muslims and Jews in the city. In 1109, the Crusaders established the Kingdom of Jerusalem here, and Muslims were not allowed to enter the city. The city returned to the hands of Christianity. It was not until 1517, when the Ottoman Empire occupied Jerusalem, that Jerusalem began to prosper again, that the walls and the old city were rebuilt, and that any religion in the city could exist.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Jerusalem had a population of less than 8,000, but it was still a city of great importance to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The city's inhabitants are divided into four parts: Jews, Christians, Muslims and Armenians. Jews live mainly on the slopes above the Wailing Wall (southeast), Christians live mainly near the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (northwest), Muslims live mainly near the Temple Mount (northeast), and Armenians live mainly in the southwest.
Jerusalem was destroyed in the First and Second World Wars. In 1917, at the end of the First World War, British troops occupied the city. In 1922 the League of Nations ratified the Belfort Declaration, entrusted Britain with the Mandate of Palestine, and helped establish a Jewish state in the region. During the Trusteeship period new garden suburbs were built in the west and north of the city, and higher education institutions such as the Hebrew University were established in 1925. As Jewish immigrants increased, so did their conflict with the Arabs. Coupled with the increased pressure on hundreds of thousands of Jewish prisoners liberated from German concentration camps to smuggle them into Palestine, Britain was unable to properly handle the Arab-Israeli conflict and handed it over to the United Nations, and Jerusalem was not resolved, but the state of Israel was established. As a result of the outbreak of war in the Middle East, western Jerusalem was occupied by the newly formed Israel, while East Jerusalem was occupied by Transjordan. East and West Jerusalem belong to Jordan and Israel, respectively. In 1950, Israel established its capital in West Jerusalem. During the Six-Day War of 1967, Israel occupied eastern Jerusalem and immediately began to bring the entire city under Israeli control.