Literature and art occupy an important position in the entire social life and are an indispensable spiritual life for human life. It is precisely for this reason that after the founding of New China, literature and art were the most active and experienced the most tortuous departments in the entire cultural undertaking. On the eve of the birth of New China, the First Congress of Literary and Artistic Workers of China held in July 1949 realized the meeting of all literary and artistic teams in the country, determined the literary and artistic policy of "creating to serve the people", and pointed out the direction for the development of New China's literary and artistic undertakings.
Ashima stills
The seventeen years of the founding of the People's Republic of China refer to the historical development of China's literature and art in the seventeen years from the founding of New China to the cultural revolution, that is, in 1949 and 1966. After the establishment of the socialist system, in order to enliven cultural and artistic work, the principle of "a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending" was put forward in the mid-fifties, and in the early sixties the Party Central Committee made great efforts to adjust the literary and artistic policy. Novels, poetry, drama, film, prose (including reportage) and other literary forms have appeared a number of ideologically and artistically mature works.
Three Mile Bay movie stills
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the achievements of novel creation basically represent the level of development of literature in this period</h1>
Veteran comrades who loved literature and art born before the 1950s and 1960s should be familiar with the following novels created in the seventeen years of the founding of the People's Republic of China: Sun Li's "The Beginning of the Wind and Clouds", Du Pengcheng's "Defending Yan'an", Zhao Shuli's "Three Mile Bay", Qu Bo's "Lin Hai Xueyuan", Wu Qiang's "Red Sun", Liang Bin's "Red Flag Spectrum", Yang Mo's "Song of Youth", Zhou Erfu's "Morning in Shanghai", Zhou Libo's "Great Changes in Mountain Towns", Liu Qing's "History of Entrepreneurship", Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan's "Red Rock", Yao Xueyan's "Li Zicheng" (Volume 1), Haoran's Sunny Days, and so on. These works have successfully shaped numerous human figures, described and reflected the social content of the period of democratic revolution and the period of socialist revolution, and these works have also carried out new explorations in language, structure and artistic techniques. These literary achievements are the great achievements made by the vast number of literary and art workers under the guidance of the party's literary and artistic policies, and they not only have a large number of readers at home, but also have a certain reputation in the international community.
In terms of short and medium stories, Li Zhun's "Li Shuangshuang's Short Biography" has created the image of a hard-working, upright, bold and spicy rural working woman in the large-scale public canteen movement, which is very popular with readers. Wang Meng's "New Young People in the Organization Department" touches on the contradictions among the people after the establishment of the socialist system and boldly reflects the real life of society. This was an important literary achievement of the period.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > some excellent poetry works are loved by readers, and the artistic techniques are unique and novel</h1>
Li Ji's "Biography of Yang Gao", Wen Jie's "Flame of Revenge", Guo Xiaochuan's "Throwing in the Fiery Struggle", "The General Trilogy", He Jingzhi's "Singing ALoud", "Song of Lei Feng" and so on. In addition, the old poet Zang Kejia wrote a long biographical poem "Li Dazhao" of the revolutionary leader. Guo Moruo and Zhou Yang co-edited the new folk song collection "Red Flag Ballad". The Yunnan People's Cultural and Labor Troupe excavated and sorted out the narrative poem "Ashima", which reflects the life struggles of the Sani people. Dozens of poems created by the chairman during the war years and after the founding of the People's Republic of China have also been published one after another, and the poems are majestic and poetic, and "the autumn wind is now again, and the human world has changed", which reflects the chairman's incomparable satisfaction with the achievements made in the construction of new China; "The goddess should be unharmed, and when the world is shocked", praising the earth-shaking changes in Chinese society, all of which have high ideological and artistic value.
Stills from the Lin Hai SnowField movie
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > dramatic literature, great progress has been made in drama creation, traditional drama adaptation, modern drama, new historical drama, and new opera creation. </h1>
In the creation of dramas, Hu Ke et al.'s "Growing Up in Battle", Lao She's "Longsugou" and so on are excellent representative works that emerged at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China. After 1953, a large number of works reflecting real life appeared, xia Yan's "Test", Hammer's "Hole Flute Blowing", Yang Lufang's "Cuckoo Is Calling Again", and He Qiu's "Before the Arrival of the New Director". A number of excellent works on historical themes have also come out, such as Lao She's "Tea House" and Chen Qitong's "Ten Thousand Waters and Thousand Mountains". Due to the influence of the struggle against the rightists, after May Seventh, more playwrights switched from realistic themes to historical themes, Tian Han created the plays "Guan Hanqing" and "Princess Wencheng", Guo Moruo created "Cai Wenji" and "Wu Zetian" plays, Zhu Zuyi and Li Xiang created "The Battle of Jiawu", Cao Yu created "The Sword of Courage", and so on.
Stills from the play "The Teahouse"
Important works in the first half of the 1960s include: Hu Wanchun's "Rapids Courageous Advance", Jiang Wen's "Ode to the Longjiang River", Zhang Zhongming's "Qingsongling", Shen Simon's "Sentinel under Neon Lights", Jia Yuan's "Lei Feng" and so on. At the same time as the development of drama creation, remarkable achievements have been made in the excavation, adaptation and creation of traditional opera. Among them, modern drama (drama that uses traditional opera forms to reflect modern life) first began with local drama genres, and later developed into Peking Opera, Kunqu Opera and other dramas with a long history and great influence.
Before leaving to drink a bowl of wine, I was full of guts and men
In 1964, the National Peking Opera Modern Opera Observation and Performance Conference was held, and excellent plays such as "Red Lantern", "Wise Tiger Mountain", "Ludang Tinder", "Jie Zhenguo", "Surprise Attack on the White Tiger Troupe", "Gate Six" and other excellent plays emerged. In terms of newly edited historical dramas, there are the well-known Peking Opera Wu Han's "Hai Rui Dismissal", Tian Han's "Xie Yaohuan", etc., and Kun opera has Meng Chao's "Li Huiniang" and so on. In terms of excavation and adaptation of traditional repertoire, more than 10,000 plays have been excavated and staged more than 10,000 throughout the country, and the "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "The Legend of the White Snake", "General Xianghe", "Fifteen Guan", "Yangmen Female General" adapted from the old repertoire are all loved by the masses. The representative works of the new opera include "Long March", "Honghu Red Guards", "Sister Jiang", "Liu Sanjie" and so on. The large-scale musical and dance epic "Dongfang Hong" has become a splendid flower in China's literary and artistic garden.
Stills that you and I are familiar with
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > film creation has achieved great success</h1>
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, "White Haired Girl" and "Iron Warrior" won awards at international film festivals. The 1951 critique of The Tale of Martial Arts slowed the development of the film industry. A turnaround began in 1954. Since then, the most influential or pioneering films have appeared: "Reconnaissance of Crossing the River", "Dong Cunrui", "Shangganling", "Li Shizhen", "Blessing", "Home", "The Story of Liubao", "Lin Zexu", "Song of Youth", "Lin Family Shop", "Red Flag Spectrum", "Red Detachment of Women", "Daji and His Father" and so on. From 1962 to 1964, it reached the peak of seventeen years of film career. "The Storm of The First Afternoon", "Early Spring in February", "Revolutionary Family", "Soldiers Near the City", "Li Shuangshuang", "Red Sun", "Visitors on the Iceberg" and so on represented the highest level at that time.
Stills from "Reconnaissance of Crossing the River"
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > prose creation, not only a huge number, but also many excellent works</h1>
With the exception of specialized anthologies by prose writers, from 1953 to 1961, an anthology of essays and features was published every year. Famous writers such as Ba Jin, Lao She, Bing Xin, Yang Shuo, Qin Mu, Liu Baiyu, etc., have many excellent prose. Wu Han, Deng Tuo, and Liao Mosha were serialized in the "Notes of Three Villages" in Frontline Magazine, and Deng Tuo's "Yanshan Night Talk" serialized in the Beijing Evening News are all excellent prose or essays with vivid writing and profound meaning.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the twists and turns of the development of literature and art in the past seventeen years</h1>
After the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee, the "Left" ideology in literary and art criticism developed seriously, first criticizing the novel "Liu Zhidan", and then proposing the restriction of "capitalization for 13 years", limiting socialist literature and art to reflecting the 13 years of life after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Subsequently, there was an abnormal critical movement in the literary and art circles, and "Li Huiniang", "Early Spring february", "Furious Tide", "Stage Sisters", "Soldiers Under the City", "Red Sun", "Northern Jiangnan", "LinJiaPuzi", "City That Never Sleeps", "Catching Zhuangding", and "Xie Yaohuan" were put on various big hats and criticized. These erroneous criticisms are not conducive to the implementation of the principle of "a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought contend," confuse the boundaries between academic and political issues, confuse the boundaries between contradictions among the people and contradictions between the enemy and ourselves, hurt a number of comrades, and seriously affect the development of literature and art in our country.