The five poisons refer to centipedes, poisonous snakes, scorpions, geckos and toads, these five animals are the five major poisons that are popular in Chinese folklore, and they can all be used in medicine. Chinese folklore believes that every year at noon on the Dragon Boat Day in the fifth month of the summer calendar, the five poisons begin to be born. Before noon on this day, lime is sprinkled in the corners of the house and in various shadows, and medicinal smoke is sprinkled to extinguish the five poisons and drive away the filthy gas.
Wudu
Five poisonous paper cuts
Special snack - fried five poisons
Legend has it: This custom is actually very popular in Shandong, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It is only with the circulation of Jin Yong's martial arts novels, the amorous stories of the southern Five Poisons Sect's beautiful female masters and Miao women, as well as artistic processing such as trickery, and with the novels, many people's cognition is changed, believing that this poisonous insect snake ant is abundant in the humid and hot forests of Yunnan.
Blue Phoenix
There are about 300 species in 13 genera of the toad family, and 12 species and subspecies of 2 genera in China. There are more than 250 species of toads, distributed all over the world. There are nearly 10 species in China, mainly Bufo bufo andrewsi Schmidt of the Great Toad, Bufo gargarizans Cantor of the Chinese subspecies of the Great Toad, and Bufo melanostitus Schneider of the black-orbited toad Bufo melanostitus Schneider. Therefore, the so-called five poisons, whether they are the five poisons of the five poisons or the traditional five poisons, are in these few more than 10 kinds.
This is the Chinese giant toad
Toxicity: The chemical components contained in the Chinese toad are mainly toad diene hydroxylactone and toad toxin tritamine compounds. The secretions of the subauricular glands and skin glands are produced by toad crisp, which can be poisoned if eaten by mistake or overdose of medicine. In fact, in many places, there are sayings that eating toads (cooking) can treat certain diseases, so there will always be some toad poisoning.
The structural parent nucleus of the elongated lactone compound I to V
Toxin components: Toad venom components have a variety of components, the main component is toad crisp toxin, its fat-soluble part is toad toxin, water-soluble part contains indole, indole can be hallucinogenic, while the peripheral nerves have a similar nicotin effect.
Skin of the toad
Features: Toad toxin is heat-resistant, and general cooking methods cannot destroy its activity. Therefore, folk poisoning can be caused by self-formulated home remedies, improper processing or taking. Studies have proved that the toxic components of toads are not only found in the parotid glands and skin glands, but also in muscles, limbs and claws, liver, ovaries, and tadpoles. Therefore, the traditional attenuation methods such as heating are useless, and methods such as cooking cannot remove poison and reduce poison, and it is not okay to eat only meat without eating the skin, which is nothing more than the problem of how much poisoning dose.
copulation
Toad toxins have a short incubation period, generally 20-45 minutes, and affect multiple systems of the body. The place where its toxins act on the human body is also the direction of the medicinal use of toad crisp.
Take the toad crisp
Toxicity: sadness: similar to the mechanism of action of digitalis, it can excite the vagus nerve of the body, the appearance of AV block, frequent ventricular early, torsothecus de pointes, and Ass syndrome.
Arrhythmias predominate
symptoms:
Chest tightness, panic, shallow and irregular breathing (heart).
Double lung chirales (lungs).
Tongue and mouth paralysis, headache, drowsiness, sweating, irritability, convulsions, coma, weakness in the eyes, blurred vision, sluggish or absent knee reflexes (neurological symptoms).
In individual cases, decorganized dermatitis may also occur.
Severe nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting, diarrhea, etc. (gastrointestinal symptoms).
After the body is affected by toad toxin, a series of pathological changes will appear sequentially: the heart is in a state of relaxation, myocardial fibers are ruptured, extracellular membrane edema, cardio-cerebral and renal vascular dilation congestion, rupture and bleeding, and in severe cases, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, oliguria, renal dysfunction. At this time it is basically death.
Myocardial rupture – true heartbreak
Treatment: Early diagnosis and early treatment are the key to treatment.
Early stages: emetic gastric lavage, diarrhea and maintenance of vital signs, timely correction of shock, electrolytes and arrhythmias. (If it is not a mouthful, then the dose of poisoning is relatively low, which is lucky; if too many doses of toxins are ingested, vomiting is induced to reduce the absorption of toxins, as soon as possible, the reference time is 10min--1 hour).
Throw it up, or get some soapy water
Pre-hospital emergency: the heart rate becomes slower, consider increasing the dosage of atropine or changing the drug, be prepared for defibrillation, pacing, tracheal intubation, for those who have AV block with atropine ineffective, switch to intravenous infusion of isoproterenol, isoprenaline can selectively excite the heart orthostatic pace point.
Even if the cause cannot be found, heart-related first aid is still OK
Toad toxin is highly toxic, the condition is dangerous after poisoning, and early treatment after poisoning is very important. However, although it is poisonous, in traditional medicine, poison can cure diseases and save people--- toad crisp.
Chinese medicine toad crisp - like a gong roast
The term Venenum Bufonis is derived from the "Derivation of Materia Medica", which is a valuable Chinese medicine, and the 2005 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia clearly stipulates that this product is a dried secretion of the Chinese giant toad or black orbital toad of the toad family. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that toad crisp has cardiotonic, anti-tumor, local anesthesia, analgesia, anti-inflammatory and other effects. Since its clinical application in the 1980s, toad crisp has achieved good efficacy in anti-tumor and other aspects. In short, thank you ancestors.
Don't be afraid, this is the tadpole of the toad
Cardiotonic: Toad crisp cardiotonic effect is similar to digitalis, no accumulation effect. Toad venom ligands and toad toxin compounds have a cardiotonic effect, the former effect is more obvious, and the chemical structure of toad poison has a certain relationship with cardiac. At present, dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine and so on are mainly used.
Strong heart
Anti-myocardial ischemia: in vitro experiments have shown that toad crisp can enhance the fibrinolytic effect of fibrinolytic enzymes, and increase coronary blood flow, toad crisp for myocardial infarction caused by coronary blood vessel stenosis caused by thrombosis, can increase myocardial nutritional blood flow, improve microcirculation, increase myocardial oxygen supply. Basically, patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia all use drugs with the same effect.
Myocardial ischemia - myocardial infarction, death
Anti-endotoxin shock: Toad crisp anti-endotoxin shock may be mainly related to its cardiac, vasopressor and inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Anti-tumor effect: The toad crisp preparation has an inhibitory effect on mouse sarcoma, rabbit BP tumor, cervical tumor, ascites-type liver cancer, etc.; it has an inhibitory effect on human mesothelial cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and other tumor cells. Toad skin extract also has a good growth inhibition effect on mouse sarcoma, and its anti-cancer mechanism is related to its inhibition of tumor cell DNA and RNA biosynthesis and improvement of the body's immune function (promoting macrophage phagocytosis and increasing serum lysozyme concentration). Toad crisp can directly inhibit the growth of mouse bladder tumors, prolong the survival time of mouse tumors, and improve mouse immunity may be an important mechanism for toad crisp anti-tumor growth.
Others: it also has the effect of improving immune function, antitussiveness, asthma, hallucinogenicity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, excitatory breathing, promoting glycogen production and inhibiting lactate production, uterine contraction and enhancing the body's tolerance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Three-legged golden toad
Of course, perhaps everyone is not interested in the above, but this three-legged golden toad --- three-legged toad is called "toad", and it is said that it can spit out money and is a thing of great wealth. I think everyone is very interested!
Feng Shui frogs
And this one:
Toad Palace Folding Laurel
Thanks for reading, writing is not easy, please like and support.
Some sources:
Research Progress of Chinese Giant Toad Zhang Ying1, School of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Zhongtu Classification Number: R282. 710． 5 Document identification code: A Article number: 0253—2670 (2006) 11—1905—04.
Pre-hospital first aid for 5 cases of acute toad toxin poisoning Liu Yijun, Ma Rong (Chongqing Rongchang County People's Hospital, Chongqing).
The part of the picture comes from the internet, and the infringing contact is deleted.