More than 60 years of oilfield development history, Daqing and the fate of the country and the nation are closely linked; more than 40 years of oil city change history, Daqing and the reform and opening up of the pulse of the same frequency resonance.
This heroic city has created a glorious history, full of vitality, and forged ahead in the new era.
The history of Daqing
Located in the western part of Heilongjiang Province and the northern part of the Songliao Basin, Daqing is the regional center of the Harbin Urban Agglomeration. In 1959, the oil field was discovered, the oil battle was launched in 1960, and the state council approved the establishment of the city in 1979, and now has jurisdiction over 5 districts and 4 counties. It covers an area of 21,000 square kilometers and an urban area of 5,105 square kilometers; the permanent population is 2.78 million, the household registration population is 2.71 million, the urbanization rate of the permanent population is 72.5%, and the urbanization rate of the household registration population is 52.8%.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the Daqing area was a hunting ground for the Durbert Banner of the Jelim League, and there have always been settled villages. In 1898, when Tsarist Russia built the Middle East Railway, Saltu Station was established here. In 1904, the land was reclaimed, and the villages gradually increased. In 1906, and the Anda Fumin Mansion was set up in Anda People's Town. In 1913, and the Anda Fumin Mansion was changed to Anda County.
In 1955, the Songliao Petroleum Exploration Bureau began to drill oil resources in the Datong area of Anda County. On September 25, 1959, shortly before the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, industrial oil flows were found in the continental sediments of the Songliao Basin; on September 26, the "Songji Three Wells" near Gaotaizi in the north of Datong spewed out industrial oil flows, so the oil field was named "Daqing".
On May 26, 1960, Anda County was abolished and Anda City (prefecture level) was established, and the Anda Municipal People's Committee was stationed in Anda Town, which was subordinate to The Songhuajiang Special District. In October 1960, the command of the Battle of Songliao Petroleum was moved to Saltu. On June 23, 1964, Anda City was abolished, Anda County was restored, and Anda Special Zone was established, which was still called Anda City to the outside world. On December 14, 1979, Anda City was renamed Daqing City and was directly administered by Heilongjiang Province.
How good is the oil city Daqing
Daqing is the largest petroleum and petrochemical base in the mainland, the location of daqing oilfield, the first oilfield in the mainland and the tenth largest oilfield in the world, a famous industrial city with petroleum and petrochemical as the pillar industries, and one of the 19 member cities of the World Energy City Partnership Organization. Daqing Oilfield has an oil bearing area of more than 6,000 square kilometers and has proven petroleum geological reserves of 6.7 billion tons.
Since the development and construction of Daqing Oilfield, it has created a "three firsts" oilfield development miracle of crude oil production, taxes and fees, and crude oil recovery, maintaining more than 50 million tons for 27 consecutive years, maintaining a high yield of more than 40 million tons for 12 years, and producing a total of 2.43 billion tons of crude oil, accounting for more than 40% of the country's onshore crude oil production in the same period, and accumulating 2.9 trillion yuan in taxes and fees and various funds.
Daqing's oil exploration area, which covers all of Heilongjiang Province and Hulunbuir City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, covers a vast area of 720,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1/13 of China's land area. Among them, the Songliao Basin covers an area of 260,000 square kilometers, spanning Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, and accounting for about 120,000 square kilometers in Heilongjiang. Historically, it was a large inland lake basin that deposited abundant oil-producing material during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. The sedimentary rocks in the center of the basin are more than 7000-9000 meters thick. In this region, science predicts that there are at least 10-15 billion tons of oil reserves, 8-10 billion tons of oil reserves available for exploitation; total natural gas reserves of 858-4290 billion cubic meters.
Daqing petroleum has a medium proportion, high viscosity, high wax content, high freezing point, and very little sulfur content, generally known as "three highs and one less", which is a low sulfur paraffin base type and is an ideal petrochemical raw material. The natural gas resources in Daqing area are buried in the middle and shallow and deep strata of 700-1200 meters or more, and are buried in the state of mineral deposits. It is associated with oil, containing 50-70 cubic meters of natural gas per ton of crude oil; it is mainly methane, accounting for 64.5%-91.3%, which can be directly used as a raw material for the production of chemical fertilizers; the condensate content is higher, containing 70-170 grams per cubic meter, and the industrial value is extremely high.
The vanguard of the transformation and development of resource-based cities nationwide
As a typical resource-based city of the old industrial base, Daqing's industrial base has long been dominated by industry, and the industrial added value accounts for nearly half of the province. In 1992, Daqing was marked by the construction of a state-level high-tech industrial development zone and opened a new journey of "secondary entrepreneurship". After years of exploration and practice, Daqing has gradually built a "1+2+3+N" modern industrial system with the traditional advantageous industry of oil and gas mining as the foundation, the two mature successive sectors of "oil head and tail" and automobile and equipment manufacturing as the guide, the three growth agglomeration chains of food processing, new materials and new energy as the leading, and the strategic emerging industries that seize the era and the frontier of science and technology as the reserves, and the transformation and development form a diversified support.
In recent years, Daqing has firmly locked in the goal and task of "building a century-old oil field, building a strong industrial city, striving to be the vanguard of the transformation and development of national resource-based cities, and building a new Daqing of socialist modernization", vigorously practicing the new era connotation of the Daqing spirit of iron man, and effectively shouldering the political responsibility of ensuring the country's "five major security", the strategic responsibility of helping the construction of Longjiang's "six strong provinces", the historical responsibility of leading the transformation and development of petroleum resource-based cities, and the responsibility of the times of promoting comprehensive revitalization and all-round revitalization with high standards and high quality. Strive to build a world-famous resource transformation and innovation city, China's emerging high-end manufacturing city, and a leading high-quality development city in the province, so that the Daqing red flag will fly high in the socialist modernization construction.
In 2018, the reply letter from the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration pointed out that it actively supported the construction of the Daqing Renewable Energy Comprehensive Application Demonstration Zone. The National Energy Administration pointed out that Daqing City is rich in renewable energy resources, has a strong industrial base, and has sufficient market consumption space, and the construction of a demonstration zone for the comprehensive application of renewable energy is conducive to enhancing the supply capacity of clean energy, which is of great significance for accelerating the development of energy transformation and structural adjustment, and promoting the revolution of energy production and consumption。 It is also suggested that by 2025, Daqing's total installed renewable energy capacity will account for 70%, renewable energy will account for more than 40% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society, and clean energy will account for more than 22% of the total energy consumption of the whole society。
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of Heilongjiang Province and the Outline of Long-term Goals for the Year 2035, issued in March 2021, proposes to promote the utilization of wind and solar resources in an orderly manner, build a demonstration zone for the comprehensive application of renewable energy in Daqing, and develop distributed energy according to local conditions。 Among them, the construction of Daqing large-scale photovoltaic power generation project and Daqing photovoltaic energy storage empirical experimental platform (base).
In November 2021, the completion and operation ceremony of the National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Experimental Platform (Daqing Base) was held in Daqing, marking the completion of the first phase of the world's first photovoltaic and energy storage outdoor experimental platform, officially starting to provide empirical, experimental, testing and other services for the new energy industry, leading the development of the industry. According to reports, the total investment during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period is 6 billion yuan, and 6 empirical experimental areas are planned to be laid out. The platform has three major functions: demonstration, experimentation and testing of photovoltaic, energy storage new technologies and new products.
Local people said that Daqingfeng, light, geothermal and other new energy resources are abundant, and in 2018, it was approved to build a national renewable energy comprehensive application demonstration zone. The national photovoltaic and energy storage experimental platform settled in Daqing will fill the gap of outdoor empirical experiments and will also inject new momentum into the transformation and development of Daqing.
As "the capital of green oilification, the city of natural lakes, and the hometown of hot springs in the north country", Daqing is clear and transparent, quiet and fresh, showing the style characteristics of "group layout, green space separation, fast lane connection, lake and water system communication, forest and grassland embracing". When the new energy industry becomes an important successor industry that drives the transformation and development of Daqing, write a new answer sheet for the ecological transformation of "Oil City", let us praise Daqing and praise the world-famous resource transformation and innovation city!