Author: Zheng Fuping
【Author's Note】
Previously, "Hong gradual wind" had published two articles written by the author on the Tianmen Arch, and there were many errors and omissions. In the past two years, the materials have been reviewed, the historical facts have been checked, and the humble text has been revised and supplemented. During this period, he received great help from Zhu Jinlin, Zheng Chuanbin, Lu Yu's hometown, Lao Jingling, Zhang Zhonghua, Xinghuang and other literary friends. Now the Editor of Mongolia has worked hard to correct it and republish it. Thanks!
Tianmen Arch
Text/Zheng Fuping
The archway is different from the archway at the top, the archway has eaves, and the archway has none, that is, the sky-piercing style, and the archway is often called the archway in the folk. It is a door-and-hole building with Chinese cultural characteristics, and is a monumental building erected by feudal society to commend meritorious deeds, kodi, moral government, loyalty and filial piety, and righteousness. Some palaces, temples, mausoleums, ancestral halls, and gardens use it as a mountain gate.
In the feudal society with a strict hierarchical system, how many doors and columns and the size and height of each archway were built needed to be built according to the approval of the imperial court. The funds for the construction of the arch come from three aspects: the imperial court funds to commend those who have made meritorious contributions to the imperial court, have had a major social impact and have done special events, which is the highest glory of the archway; the donations of social figures, such as officials, students, social elites, etc., have been established by the people who have been established to the arch for the benefit of the locality, fair and honest, and charity, leaving a good reputation; their own family funds, and the ranking of the imperial family, filial piety, and chastity belong to this.
A torii is a piece of history, a legend, a cultural landscape. Each archway is preceded and back by a pair of stone lions or stone drums, with a mighty stone carving of lions, with round balls on their front paws and guards on both sides of the middle gate. On both sides of the name of the archway in the beam, on the straight column or the inscription of the celebrity of that year, or the carving of character stories, animals, flowers, pine trees, etc., set painting, carving, yanglian and calligraphy and other arts in one, these relief patterns are exquisite and wonderful, glittering.
"The forty-eight arches of Tianmen cannot reach a lion rolling hydrangea in Jingshan", this folk proverb is widely circulated in Tianmen and Jingshan folk, and the relevant archway literature records this sentence, and people in both Tianmen and Jingshan recognize the facts stated in the folk proverb. When did it come about? What does it say? "Lion Rolling Hydrangea Ball" is a stone sculpture of the Jingshan "Zi Embroidery" Archway, a famous archway that has disappeared, originally located at the new entrance of the Cyanobow Middle School on Chengzhong Road in Jingshan. There is a passage in the article of The Jingshan Arch (zhi) Embroidery Workshop [Note 1] that reads: "The special feature of this archway is that on the bluestone beam at the bottom of the middle, there are two upside-down hanging lions carved into each other, protecting each other with their front paws a octahedral hemisphere with strange ornaments, and there is a round slippery stone ball that can be rotated arbitrarily in the hemisphere, and the stone ball is covered with stone balls, so that it is connected with three layers, exquisite and transparent, one smaller than the other, can be rotated, fascinating, and magical." ”
Jingshan "Embroidery Workshop" was established for the Ming Dynasty Imperial History Sun Mingzhi, this person Longqing four years (1570) into the career, quite a political reputation, after the death of the Wanli Emperor next to the "Embroidery" archway, the Republic of China 27 years (1938) arch was destroyed by the invasion of China Japanese aircraft.
Rebuilt the Yun Du Gu Guan (Lion Roll Hydrangea) Arch
(Jingshan Wenfeng Park)
In the tenth year of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1532), Zeng Chu and Tong Chengxu usurped the eighteen volumes of the "Qiuyang Zhi" and recorded that "the forty-one arches of The Tombs of Jingling" were recorded. It shows that the Forty-eight Arches of Tianmen and the Jingshan "Embroidery" Arch both appeared in the 16th and 17th centuries, which is the basis for the historical facts on which folk proverbs have been passed down.
The Qianlong Sanlian Stone Seal, a national treasure-level cultural relic, is a palace technician carving a chain of three seals on a piece of easy-to-carve Tian Huangshi material, which is amazing. On the ordinary bluestone strip carved into two lions with front paws plate a hydrangea ball, is a skilled craftsman, and then the hydrangea hollow carving into multiple layers of stone balls can be rotated, unless the person with special skills can not do it. Compared with the two, it is obvious that the "lion rolling hydrangea ball" has a higher difficulty, and thus more ornamental, and some people call it "the first stone carved hydrangea in the Chinese Arch". In the era of hundreds of years ago, when it was all manual operation, it was rare to complete such a superb and exquisite sculpture. Even today, when the process is becoming more and more intelligent, it is very difficult to complete it. Examining the preserved arches and relevant written records, the "lion rolling hydrangea ball" is indeed a wood show in the forest, and the ancestors of Tianmen and Jingshan have a spectrum.
The many arches of Tianmen are also wonderful and have their own fascinating points. In fact, the actual number of Tianmen Arches is far more than forty-eight, and the 1989 edition of the "Tianmen County Chronicle" records: "From the third year of Taiding of the Yuan Dynasty (1326) to the forty-third year of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1778), 65 arches were built inside and outside the county (including 1 in the Yuan Dynasty, 60 in the Ming Dynasty, and 4 in the Qing Dynasty), and 23 remain in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1821). After the Republic of China period was destroyed by the invading army of Yueben, there was very little left. When the county was liberated, only some of the broken pillars and stone lions and stone drums remained, and in 1985, only a pair of stone lions remained, and donghu park was relocated. "
This pair of scarred old stone lions is now stored in front of the Lu Gong Ancestral Hall of the Tianmen Lu Yu Memorial Hall. It is the only surviving stone lion among the many arches in the past, which has experienced the rise and fall of the archway and witnessed the vicissitudes of The Gate of Heaven.
The only remaining pair of stone lions in the archway now stands in front of the Jingling LuGong Ancestral Hall
(Photographed by Mr. Xinghuang)
The Tianmen Arch was mainly erected by the Ming Dynasty, and the streets inside and outside Jinling City were as follows:
During the Ming Dynasty (1514), Jinling Castle was transformed into a brick city with a height of 7 meters and a circumference of 2283 meters, with four gates of east, south, west and north. The East City Gate to the West City Gate is about 630 meters long, and the North City Gate to the South City Gate is about 510 meters. The South City Gate is located between the present Hongxu Road Mobile Company and the Bao'an Shopping Mall, and the North City Gate is located in the front street of the north courtyard wall of the old county government (county in the Ming and Qing dynasties), where there are still about 150 meters of broken ancient city walls. The East City Gate, the South City Gate, and the West City Gate are basically on a horizontal line. The brick city was sometimes partially destroyed by wars and floods, and was quickly restored. The four city gate towers and 985 pheasants of the city wall that were destroyed by the Japanese army during the Republic of China period were not repaired, and the rest of the city walls remained until the early 1950s.
Sanjo Gono-gai in the castle:
Sanyoji:
Nanheng Road (Yuanchun Street): East City Gate to West City Gate.
Zhongheng Road (Sipai Road): The eastern city wall crosses the Tianwang Hall to Maochai Bay.
North Heng Road: Zhong Tan He Ancestral Hall passes through the south gate of the county to Maochai Bay.
Wuzhi Street:
Straight Street: City God Temple to East City Gate.
Straight Street (Renmin Road Vegetable Market): Tianwang Hall to the South City Wall.
Zhongzhi Street, Chengcheng Long Street (part of the current Hongshi Road): North City Gate to South City Gate.
Zhijie Street, Yaqian Road (衙門路): The county Yanan Gate to Nanheng Road.
Straight Street: Mao Chai Wan to West City Gate.
Jingling City is surrounded by water on all sides, the east and west of the city are the East Lake and the West Lake, the north is the Official Pond and the Literary Spring, across the North Gate Bridge is Zhaoqiang Street, and further north is the ancient city embankment. The south gate of the city is a moat, and the water connects the East Lake, the South Lake and the West Lake. Xia Nanmen Bridge is from Shuizi Street to County Hedi Street (now Jinling Road), east from the East Lake Causeway to the West Lake Causeway, the county River Causeway Street on both sides of the larger laneways, from east to west there are Dongsi Lane, Daxiang Road, Qingyunguan Lane, Miaozi Street, Hongzhiguan Lane, Dukoukou, Xiaozili, Xiongjia Lane, Nanguan temple lane, Zhoujia Lane, Longtan Bay, Yanmingguan Lane, Xisi Lane and so on.
In the era of underdeveloped media, the archway propagated a certain spirit, intended to guide the people. Proud of the archway builders and their families, they think that this is a good thing to shine in the courtyard, and the villagers and neighbors also feel that they have added three points. The archway is usually erected on the main street of the crowded city. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), Tianmen fell, and the Japanese army frantically destroyed the ancient cultural relics of Tianmen, including the archway. In the more than 80 years since its fall, the urban area has changed a lot, and the place names have changed, so it is difficult to find. Why were these arches erected? How much influence did the people who were erected to the arch have on future generations? Are the stories of the arches told by the old people in the past well documented? The author does not speculate on the shallow, consult the relevant historical materials, and try to open the door of this archway with rich connotation and heavy heritage.
Schematic map of Jinling City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (hand-painted by Mr. Zhu Jinlin)
Double Kwai Fong
The brothers Zhang Yuandao and Zhang Congdao, the Jingling people, were the same zhongjin during the Bingyin scientific expedition during the Taiding period of the Yuan Dynasty. The older brother was appointed the secretary of the capital, and the younger brother was given the title of Wuchang Road Tongcheng County Dalu Huachi. Daru Huachi is a title of official unique to the Mongol Empire, established by Genghis Khan, which means "town keeper, sanctioner, seal bearer" in Mongolian, and Daru Huachi is equivalent to the current commissioner or party secretary. When the exciting news came, the people of the hometown were immediately proud, and at the request of the people, ZhiXian applied to the imperial court to build a "Double Gui" archway for the brothers.
Before the Ming Dynasty, Jingling was the seat of many dynastic counties, prefectures, and capitals, and the political, cultural, and commercial center was located in the area from Jingling Huafu (formerly Jingling Middle School) on present-day Hongshi Road to Wenwenquan Road (formerly Zhaoqiang Street). The "Shuanggui" archway was built on this bustling main street, which is the first archway of Tianmen recorded in historical records. The Song Dynasty poet Zhang Qizhezong was relegated to Fuzhou during the period and lived in Zhaoqiang Street, where there were many breweries, which was very lively at that time. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the county moved south, forming a new pattern centered on Zhongzhi Street in the new city.
The geese are called Guanfang, HongweiGuanfang, and Lugong Ancestral Hall
These three arches commemorate the Tea Saint Lu Yu. In the West Lake of Jinling in Tangfu Prefecture, there is a land name called Fu cauldron, and there is a Longgai Temple built on the state, which was later renamed Xita Temple.
The sparsely populated West Lake is densely reeded and overgrown with weeds, like a green gauze tent, with wild ducks wandering and snakes crawling. One day, six geese guarded a swaddled baby with their wings. The sound of geese calling, the cries of the geese miserable, attracted the monks of the monastery to take away the baby, the Zen master named him Lu Yu, the real strange person. In the Ming Dynasty, a "Goose Call Guan" archway was built outside the legendary Jingling City West City Gate where the geese covered Lu Yu. A nearby stone arch bridge is called Yanqiao, and the road south of the bridge to the county river embankment street is named Yanxingguan Lane. After the completion of Lu Yu's Former Garden, the "Wild Goose Calling Pass" archway was rebuilt in front of the North Floating Cloud Pavilion, and the inscription was Yang Lian:
Also the legendary sound of the Elder Bell Ringing Temple;
It is not a mythical feather protector holy baby goose called Guan.
During the Ming Jiajing period, Yangying and Yilu Yu built the "Hongzhiguan" archway at the county river to The Zizi Street, and from then on, the cross road between the county's River Embankment Street and the Flowing Street was named "Hongzhiguan". At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, with the development of the county river transportation industry, the center of gravity of the city was gradually moved south to the county river embankment street. Since the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Hongzhiguan Wharf has been the busiest and liveliest wharf in the county's Hecheng District, and the area around Hongzhiguan has become a gathering center for handicrafts and commerce in Tianmen.
From 1932 to 1935, the "Office of the Administrative Inspector of the Sixth District of Hubei Province" set up the county seat of Tianmen County, and Commissioner Shi Yuling concurrently served as the governor of Tianmen County. During this period, the archway was rebuilt, and the three characters of "Hong gradually pass" were handwritten by Shi Yuling, and the archway was set up with a standard clock hour chime, which was fashionable and stylish. Not only that, but also the original cascade Hongzhiguan Road was transformed into a sloped road, and the road surface was paved with stone slabs to facilitate the passage of pedestrians and vehicles. The original street was narrow, but in the early 1950s and 1970s, it was widened twice to form a concrete road. In 1998, at the northern end of the original Miaozi Street, a new imitation wood structure painted Hongweiguan Archway was built.
The "Lu Gong Ancestral Hall" was built at the intersection of the former Xisi Lane into the Xita Temple, which is now the Xisi Road Oil Company. The Lu Gong Ancestral Hall was built with donations from Zhou Yun during the Ming Dynasty, and Li Weizhen wrote the ancestral record: "Tang Dynasty virgin Lu Hongzhi, Yi ren also. Many years later, Zhou Yun's son Zhou Ming rebuilt the ancestral hall, and left a record of the restoration of the Lu Gong Ancestral Hall: "Gengshen Chun, dreaming into the West Temple, there is the Tang dynasty virgin Lu Hongwei, the god smells and looks like a mirror ..." The ancestral hall was once the place where Lu Yu studied and lived in his childhood, and after construction, it was built for future generations to visit and commemorate the tea saint. For ordinary people, this is a temple, but it is Lu Yu's home, and the monks are the parents and teachers who care for him to grow up and teach him knowledge.
In front of the newly built "Hongxiangguan" archway is the former Nancheng Gate Stone Arch Bridge
(Now Cross Road, called South Gate Bridgehead)
Qingyun Guanfang
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the local squires Li Fenglai and Guan Baishan took the lead and gathered the strength of the people to establish a "Qingyunguan" archway at the intersection of Hedi Street and Qingyun Lane in the county. The word "Qingyun" is taken from Tang Li Chaowei's "Biography of Liu Yi: Russian and Xiangfeng Qingyun", which means festive and auspicious atmosphere. In ancient times, the section of the county river was called "towel water" and "garnet river", and the four words "with towel and spit" were written on the beam facing the county river in the archway. Qingyunguan County Hedu is an important ferry in the urban area, where the Tianmen Bridge was built in 1970 and abandoned.
Yishui Guanfang
Yishuiguan was named after the Yihe River, and during the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, QianYong of Zhixian County established the "Yishuiguan" archway on Longtanwan Road. Zhao Kuangyin sent Jingniang thousands of miles, passing through Tianmen, and when crossing the county river, the ferryman saw that he was full of momentum and waived the fare for crossing the river. After Zhao Kuangyin became the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, he deeply felt that the people here knew the king with wisdom and the people's customs were simple and benevolent, so he named this section of the river "YiHe" and issued a decree exempting the fish class.
According to folklore, the Tianmen specialty Yihe cockle is an embroidered shoe that Jingniang accidentally dropped when crossing the river. In another legend, Zhao gave the short sword to the boatman, and pushed each other to let the middle sword fall into the river, turning into a delicious Yihe cockle. Although it is a legend, it shows that the Tianmen people recognize the ancient crossing of the Yihe River. The present county hedu wharf is the Guyi River ferry wharf, and in the fifty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1716), a monument was erected on the south bank of the dudu, called "YongjiBu".
Nowadays, a four-pillar and three-gate "Yihexuan" archway has been built on the side of the ancient river channel of Chuanzha Road.
The four guanfang arches of Yanming, Yishui, Hongxue and Qingyun are combined with Zixia Pass, Laifu Pass, Risheng Pass, Chang Gung Pass, and Dongyang Gate, Xicheng Gate, South Smoke Gate and North Arch Gate to form the four gates and eight passes in the Jinling area. As for the 15 archways such as "Xuanhua", "Dezheng", "Shulin", "Huiwen", "Tongyuan", "Guyin", "Fumin", "Gongchen", "Clarification", "Suzheng", "Ying'en", "Xingxian", "Yuxiu", "Sheng Jun" and "Qingyun", the old records only record the name of the archway, and there is no text introduction, which is a pity.
The newly built four-pillar three-gate "Yihexuan" archway on the ancient river channel of Chuanzha Road
The Ming and Qing dynasties examinations were divided into four levels, the boy examination, and the winner of the examination was called Xiucai. In the township examination, the person who passes the examination is called a lifter, who has the qualifications to be an official, and the first name is "Xie Yuan". In the examination, the reference is the provincial people, and the candidates who pass the examination are called Gongshi, and the first name is "Huiyuan". In the temple examination, the emperor will take the examination after the examination, and the winner will be a jinshi, and the first place will be "Zhuangyuan" by the emperor himself. The next two levels of examinations are held every three years throughout the country, and the competition is fierce and the pace is difficult. "Chao Wei Tian She Man, Twilight Heavenly Son Hall" is the dream of countless readers.
Tianmen produced more than a hundred jinshi during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the thirty-first year of the Qing Dynasty (1905), the last entrance examination was held, continuing the imperial examination system for more than a thousand years, and since then it has withdrawn from the stage of history. Although the imperial examination is not the only way to enter the world, it is an important channel for xinxin students to seek fame, and they take this ancient sailing ship, ride the wind and waves, and sail away into the distance.
Jinshifang
Hu Jun, Hongwu Nongwu Wuxiang Gong (舉人), Yongle Jia Shen Jia Feng (進士), Shi Mei Xingxing Si Zheng,and later served as a senator of the Jiangxi Cloth Administration Department. The "Jinshi" archway was built in front of the north gate of Zhongzhi Street.
Champion Place
Liao Xun, zi Shangyu, Jingling people, Jingtai Gengwu people, taught Henan Ruzhou Xundao, Jiangxi Dehua, Sichuan Xinning, Henan Yanling teachings, lived in his hometown in his later years, Fangzheng Gaojie, enthusiastic to help his neighbors, Shou ninety-three years old. The archway was built on Zhongzhi Street.
Promotion
He Xuan, the character Guangbi, Chenghua Gengzi lifted people. After the expiration of his term of office, he saw through the red dust, abandoned his career and returned to his hometown, lived by the East Lake to meet with literary friends, and was fascinated by poetry and songs, known as "Mr. East Lake". The archway is on Zhongzhi Street.
Panlong Fang, Dasi Cheng Fang, Huiyuan Fang
All three arches are built for Ruddau in the middle of the city. In particular, in the "Dasicheng" workshop, the stone lion carved in the shape of a lying down, which really has the meaning of "civilian officials must get off the car after this, and military attaches must get off the horse after this".
Lu Duo (鲁铎), also spelled Zhenzhi (字振之), was a ninth-ranked resident of The 22nd year of Ming Chenghua (1486). In the fifteenth year of Koji (1502), he won the championship of "Huiyuan" in the examination of the Nongshu Section, and the temple examination was the second place in the second division. Zhengde was promoted to Nanjing Guozi Supervisor in ten years, and transferred to Beijing Guozi Supervisor in eleven years. Guozi Jianjiu was the head of the highest academic institution in the Ming Dynasty, in charge of the university law and teaching examinations, and his father Lu Shixian was appointed by the Wenlin Lang Hanlin Academy.
The young Lu Duo was greeted by the spring breeze and quickly took Xiucai and the juju into his pocket. The test took sixteen years, several consecutive losses did not bow down and admit defeat, kung fu pays off, and the "huiyuan" is the reward for his many years of efforts. After Lu Duo entered the career, he did not lose his reputation and Confucianism, did not engage in clinging to socializing, and spent most of his leisure time on quiet reading, resigned his official and returned home in his later years, lived in Mengyetai outside Jinling City, built a academy to teach children, called himself "Old Man of Zhilin", and his neighbors affectionately called him "Mr. Sacrifice Wine".
At the intersection of Zhongzhi Street (Hongxue Street) and Nanheng Road (Yuanchun Street), there was originally a memorial archway of Lu Duo and Li's father and son. Nanheng Road has Cheng Hong and Xiong En Arch.
Father and Son Jinshifang (two seats)
Li Deng, Wanli Decian Unitary Xie Yuan, Gengchen Jinshi. Zi Li Chunyuan, Wanli Gengzi lifted people, Gengshu into the soil. The two arches are not far apart on Zhongzhi Street, facing each other from north to south, with a high-end style and a momentum of ambition.
Jing Kui Fang
He Qingyuan, Yongle Yiyou, Zhiyun Bizhi County. The archway is located on Zhongzhi Street.
Bajifang
Lei Duo, Yongle Yi Unitary, granted Dachangzhi County. The archway is located on Zhongzhi Street.
Civilization Square
Wang Yu (王瑜), a chenghua Ding youren (成化丁酉舉人), was given the teachings of The Emperor Gui Qingyuan. The archway is located on Zhongzhi Street.
Yi Feng Fang
Duan Zhi (段谏), Chenghua Bingwu (成化丙吴) was given the Teachings of Tianjiang. The archway is located on Zhongzhi Street.
Fei Teng Fang
Xiao Zuo (萧佐), a Jingtai (景泰癸酉人), was awarded the title of Chu Xiong TongJue (清弼楚雄通判), and later served as a Tongzhi of Suzhou. The archway is located on Zhongzhi Street.
Seho Tianen Place
Chen Suoxue, Wan Li Ji Ji Ju Ren, Gengchen Jinshi, Zi Zhengfu, No. Zhihuan, alias Songshi Jushi, Tianmen Qianyiren, Chu Zhi Zhi Ren, Chu Zhi Zhi His father, Chen Shouqian (陈守亷诰), was given the gift of Tongyi Daifu Kitado Zuo Shilang (左侍郎). The archway was built on Yaqian Road.
Cheng'en Fang
Zhou Jiamo, Tianmen Ganyiren, Zi Mingqing, No. Jingsong. The teenager studied in Hanchuan, and in the 43rd year of Jiajing (1564), he won the first place in the county student examination, and entered the Hanchuan School, the imperial examination and career path, and the official register was written as the Hanchuan nationality. In the first year of Longqing (1567), the township was tested, and in the fifth year of Longqing (1571), Xin Weihui tried to be a tribute, and in the same year, the court was ranked as the twenty-eighth jinshi of the second class. Head of the Shandong Division of the Hubu Department, prefect of Shaozhou, Guangdong (present-day Shaoguan, Guangdong Province), until the governor of Yunnan, the governor of Liangguang (Guangdong, Guangxi), and the official Shangshu (also known as Tianguan of the Ming Dynasty). In his more than 50 years as an official, Zhou Jiamu first educated himself and then educated people, was upright, did not fear power, and was considerate of the people. The archway is on Yaqian Road.
When Zhou Shi returned home to serve his parents for the elderly, he petitioned the envoys of Huguang to build a bone flood canal and personally supervise the quality of the work, alleviating the flood disaster in this area, which was widely praised by the people in his hometown. Zhou studied diligently and often went to the Ming Jing Guild Hall to teach the students with literary friends, and many of his students were admitted to the jinshi. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Zhou, who resigned from his official position and was recuperating at home, once again took office with the official title of Prince Taibao of the Nanjing Official Shangshu Jia, and the old Ji Futuo set out on another journey. The following year, Zhou died in office at the age of eighty-four. The emperor sent officials to hold a funeral for him, posthumously gave him the title of Shaobao, and gave him the great-grandfather Zhou Kan, his grandfather Zhou Yuechun, and his father Zhou Yuechun as the senior official Beijunbu Shangshu.
Purple Silk Silk Fang, Qingyun WuFang
The archway stands on the west side of the North Horizontal Road in front of the county's Yanan Gate, and was built for Wu Diao, Wu Boring, Wu Wenjia and Wu Wenqi, two generations of brothers, and the two arches are far apart. Wu Wenjia Jiajing Jia Zi Ren, Yi Ugly Jinshi, Zi Shimei, Natural Filial Friend, Chief of the Punishment Department. There is also a "Qingyao Lianban" workshop on Yaqian Road, which was built by his father Wu Diaoyu Fengfeng Dafu Buzheng. Wu Wenqi Wanli Xin Zhiren, Wu Shu Jinshi, his parents died of illness when he was young, became an orphan, and was raised by his cousin Wu Wenbing. Wu Wenqi grew up with fellow villager Li Chunyuan to study, knowing that his family was determined to study, did not discuss food and clothing with others, persevered and worked hard, it was really "eating bitterly, fang is a superior person", his father Wu Bochen gave the Governor of Huzhou Prefecture.
Xu's four arches
Zhongheng Road and Zhongzhi Street were the cultural, handicraft and commercial centers of Jinling City during the Ming Dynasty, now called Sipai Road, which commemorates the existence of four arches here. The second volume of the Qianlong Qianlong "Chronicle of Tianmen County" records that "the four arches are in the west of the county, and Xu Peng, Xu Lin, Xu Cheng, Xu Qingli" is established. Xu Qing (勅封文林郎), Xu Peng (舉人), Xu Lin (舉人, 字仁卿, 授金華訓道, Tiantai Mountain Teachings), and Xu Chengwei (進士) were father and son respectively. Xu Cheng, zi Wei De, Longqing Ding Jie, when he was twenty-five years old, Longqing Pengchen Jinshi, Shi Zhi Zhongcheng, donated funds to rebuild the South Gate Bridge, set up land to send the poor, and built the Zhongshan Temple to take in the wanderers. After his death, an ancestral hall was built in the city to show his virtue.
Yaqian Road (Yamen Road) and Zhongheng Road (Sipai Road) intersect at the intersection. Yaqian Road (4 straight street) originally housed Zhou Jiamu, Chen Suoxue and Wu Wenjia Arch. Zhongheng Road stands the four arches of Xu Yi.
YakuiFang
Cheng Hong, Zhengde YanYuzhong, zhizi gradually. The archway is on South Heng Road.
North Guanglu Supervisory Board
For Xiong Enli.
Step toad Workshop
Xu Xian, Yongle Ding You, taught Ming Dao. The archway is outside the South Gate.
Pengcheng Fang
He Li, Yongle Ding You, raises people and gives the Lord respect. The archway is at the East Gate.
Folding Kwai Fong
Deng Mian, Yongle Pengzi raised people, zhizhi xue dingyuanzhi county. The archway is on Yihe Street.
Rushing Tou Fang
Huang Zhong, Yongle Xin Jie, was awarded wuding erzhou zhizhou. The archway is on Yihe Street.
Dengyunfang
Zhang Ding, Jingtai Decian, received the court vessel. The archway is outside the South Gate.
Den Kang Fang
Li Qing, the character Ji Shan, is a Lingling person. The archway is on Yihe Street.
Filial Piety Fang
Generation wall display. The archway is outside the East Gate.
Wei Zhen Huaxia Fang
The archway is in front of the Wu Temple outside the North Gate.
Filial Piety Fang
Wang Qi, in order to perform filial piety at home, did not take the path of the imperial examination. He was the first person in mainland history to give Lu Yu a detailed interpretation of the Tea Classic, and the resulting "Yihongtang Tibetan Edition" of the Luzi Tea Classic, which was formed, is not only a very rare version of the Tea Classic, but also a rare historical material for the study of the Tianmen dialect. The archway is outside the West Gate.
Si Wei Xu Yi Fang
Xie Tingjing, Xie Qiju father and son, father Jiajing Jiazi juren, Longqing Pengchen Jinshi. Zi Zongyuan (字宗元), granted the title of Langzhong of the Punishment Department, and gave Wenlin Lang the Inspector of Shaanxi to supervise the imperial history. Qiju, Zi Yanfu, Wanli Yanfu, Wan Li Yan Fu, Shi Fang Ling. During his term of office, he encountered the chaos of the Ming Dynasty, and the surrounding towns were attacked. Shifang was lonely and helpless, and he personally went to the city to guard, the military orders were strict, and the meritorious service was established. Many years later, Xie fell ill and was bedridden, and the imperial court read his former Labor Jia Grade Grant. The archway is in the east of the Xuegong.
Yunqufang
Li Duan, Xuande Bingwu, was given the Title of Dengzhou Weijing. The archway is in the village of Lower White Lake.
Ying Fang
Jiang Gui (蒋桂), xuande yi (宣德乙卯), was given the teachings of Hezhou (合州), and later served as the hejiang sectarian. The archway is in Huayan Lake.
Gold Medal Shop
He QianYongle was raised to the rank of head of the Household Department. The archway is in the east of the county.
Sightseeing workshops
Deng Yigong, Yongle Ding You, and Shang Jing. The archway is in the west of the county.
Mingfengfang, Dengkefang
Guo Xuan, ZiWen Zai, Chenghua Gengzi Lifting People. He was taught by the Lu clan of Henan, and later served as lianjiangzhi county in Fujian. One person, two squares, the archway is inside the north gate. Mingfengfang is in Guancheng Village, and Dengkefang is inside the North Gate.
Sima Fang
Don't be like Lun, Wanli Deco lifts people, Shi to the prefect. The archway is in the west of the county.
Lunyin Stacked Tin Fang
Pottery. The archway is in the east of the county.
Huangtangfang
Wang Yueran, Wanli Yu Unitary. The archway is in the east of the county.
Den Lung Place
Tao Zhixiao, Jiajing Nongzi lifted people. The archway is in the east of the county.
Father and Son Koa Fang
Zhou Yun, Jiajing Jia zi lifted people, B ugly jinshi. Zhou Ming, Wanli Ding ugly people. Both generations donated money to build and repair the Lu Gong Ancestral Hall in honor of Lu Yu. The zhou father and son admired the good deeds of the tea god, which was praised by the people and spread as a good story. The archway is in the west of the county.
Father and son into the workshop
Li Shu, Li Weizhen, both of whom are jingshan scholars. Li Shujiajing was raised to the throne, Gengshu Jinshi, and was given the right government of Guangxi. Li Weizhen Jiajing Jia Zi lifted people, Long Qing PengChen Jinshi. He was taught to edit and edit, to study and write, to be a senator in Shaanxi, to be a deputy envoy to The Academy of Studies, and to be a political envoy at the beginning of the Apocalypse. He was also summoned as The Prince of Nanjing, and later as the Right Attendant of the Nanjing Ceremonial Department, Shangshu. Like Zhou Jiamu, Li's father and son grew up in Jingshan and Hanchuan respectively, thanked the teacher for their teachings, and formed deep friendships with local alumni of the same age, and there were many interesting things to talk about. The archway stands in soap city.
In the past, the archway was built with bricks, wood and stone strips, many of which were destroyed by war and natural disasters, and the new archway was erected on the site of the old archway. The ancestors who erected the archway and the ancestors who did not stand up were all proud sons of the imperial examination era. "The spring breeze is proud of the horseshoe disease, and the Chang'an flowers are seen in one day", they made Tianmen a place where the three elements of "Xie Yuan", "Hui Yuan" and "Zhuang Yuan" met. The "Tianmen Jinshi Wenji" and "Tianmen Jinshi Poetry" compiled and published by Teacher Li Guofang are extremely precious, and the anecdotes of each archway are also the topics that people talk about.
Historical events fully show that Tianmen has a long cultural history, and the cultural hometown has a long cultural context and a long history. The local folk reading is full of positive trends, and it is expected that children will go out, integrate the cultures of the East and the West, absorb the ideas of the North and the South, and make the Boke brilliant. People remember that "poor literature and rich martial arts" and "golden list inscription" are the signs of success in life, and they are the way to change the fate of individuals and families and the glory of their ancestors. The two Guanfang (Yishui and Qingyun) and two Xiaozifang (Wang Qi and Dai Bixian) established by the Qing Dynasty stopped after the four arches. Zeng Yuanmai's father and son entered the priesthood in one fell swoop, and Jiang Zhuangyuan, a five-generation jinshi, were all Tianmen sages of the YingLi Arch, and the reason for this could only be asked by history to interrogate the imperial court.
Zunxian Fang, Yucai Fang
The ZhenjieFang standing in the alleys, such as the archways next to the former Finance Bureau on Hongxiang Road and the arches in the alleys west of the middle section of Yanmingguan Lane, do not belong to the category of the forty-eight arches of the folk proverb. "Wang Lingbao's wife Luo Shi was widowed in the fifteenth year of marriage and one month, committed to the festival of bitterness, and lived at the end of seventy-six years." The Qianlong Chronicle of Tianmen County records that more than a thousand virgin women were commended by the imperial court, and they were all qualified to build a courtyard door like a zhenjiefang. This topic is very heavy, the young woman is widowed, the green lamp is lonely, bitter for decades, and finally gets the four words of "Emperor Jing". Such a chastity workshop is associated with sorrow and honor, and whether it is a chastity woman's workshop depends on the wishes and economic situation of the husband's family. According to the system, they can only stand in the alleys in front of their own doors, and when the "four olds" were "broken" in the early days of the Cultural Revolution, the remaining Zhenjiefang was completely demolished.
It is not that Zhenjiefang cannot be built on the main street, the Three Martyrs Shrine is built next to the most sacred millennium school palace in Tianmen, and it is also funded by the imperial court. The current Jinling Huafu is the address of the original Xuegong, and the left in front of the door is "Zunxian Fang" and the right is "Yucai Fang". In the middle of the palace, there is a plaque for the sage Confucius, and the Tianmen Yixue and Academy have stored a stone statue of Confucius and a plaque of Jiang Zhuangyuan. There are also xiangxian ancestral halls, famous officials' shrines, and Guan Gong ancestral halls (zhongxiao ancestral halls) and so on.
The Shrine of the Three Martyrs originates from a tragic historical incident, in the sixth year of Ming Longqing (1572), Ren Gao, a Sichuan native who served as a jingling monk, left Tianmen with his wife and two daughters and one son by boat, and was robbed in an uninhabited place on the way to Huayan Lake. After the robbers killed people and seized money, they had a crush on his wife Li Shi and his two daughters, and wanted to be rude. Li and his daughter died to avoid being killed by diving, and the robbers fled. His son screamed wildly along the lake for three days and three nights, tears like blood, exhaling the lake water backwards, the three corpses appeared hand in hand, not rotten or swollen, the image was vivid, and the people in all directions were amazed. Zhixian took this matter to the imperial court, and in the second year of the Wanli Calendar (1574), he was called to build a shrine of the three martyrs in the Xuegong Palace, to show his virtue and be admired by the people.
It's just that the world is like chess, and the vicissitudes of the sea are like mulberry fields. The ancient archway (building) that once stood on the main street, together with its beautiful sculptures, like many Chinese places of interest and monuments, was destroyed during the war or cleared during the great destruction era.
What history has left people with is nothing more than a bit of fantasy and a sigh. (The archway photo is a network map, the picture and text are irrelevant)