#战争风云 #
Zhang Qian, a famous diplomat, traveler, explorer and developer of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty
The envoys were bitter three times, who knew that ten years of captivity were cold?
The Silk Road opened up the benefits of China and foreign countries, and the Western Han Dynasty has since widened the heavens and the earth.
Zhang Qian
The fight against the Xiongnu was always a major political event of the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in addition to resisting and taking the initiative, he also established various diplomatic relations with other countries in the western region to achieve the goal of jointly resisting the Xiongnu. The Han Dynasty had this action, which originated from the Xiongnu soldiers who surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty learned from the conversations of these soldiers that the Yue clan had been defeated and driven away by the Xiongnu, so the Yue clan regarded the Xiongnu as an enemy, and they were bent on revenge on the Xiongnu, but no one helped. Therefore, Emperor Wu of Han wanted to take the initiative to contact the Yue clan and achieve the goal of uniting with it to attack the Xiongnu. But where is the Moon Clan Kingdom? How far away is it from the Han Dynasty? No one knows. Therefore, people who take the initiative to find the Moon Clan Kingdom are naturally also people who need courage and courage. For this reason, Emperor Wu of Han issued an edict to solicit people who were willing to go to the Western Regions to find the Yue Clan Kingdom. At this time, there was a young Zhonglang named Zhang Qian who took the initiative to enlist, and the other people were bold when they had a leader, and then more than a hundred people signed up, including a Xiongnu man named Tang Yifu.
Zhang Qian sent his first mission to the Western Regions
After that, Zhang Qian took more than a hundred people with him and set off with Tang Yi's father as a guide. To go to the western region, they had to pass through the territory of the Xiongnu, and although they walked carefully, they were still discovered when passing through the Xiongnu, so the Huns captured Zhang Qian and them all and lived separately, of which Zhang Qian and Tang Yi's father lived together for ten years.
Zhang Qian sent envoys to the Western Regions
Although Shan Yu did not kill them, he prevented them from sending an envoy to the Yue clan and wanted to soften Zhang Qian and make them surrender to the Xiongnu. Zhang Qian was never tempted, bent on completing his mission to the Western Regions. So one day ten years later, taking advantage of the fact that the Xiongnu were not paying attention, Zhang Qian and Tang Yi's father fled on horseback to find the Yue kingdom. But it was not found, but it entered Dawan, which is today's Uzbekistan in Central Asia. King Dawan received Zhang Qian very politely and sent them to Kangju, between Balkhash and the Aral Sea, equivalent to the territory of present-day Tajikistan, and from Kangju to the Yue kingdom. Since its defeat by the Huns, the Yue kingdom had moved to Bactria, which was today's northern Afghanistan and established a new state. They own fertile land and live a rich life. Although Zhang Qian spent a year in the Yue Dynasty, he did not persuade the Yue State and the Han Dynasty to unite against the Huns.
Zhang Qian went on a trip
So Zhang Qian ended his first mission to the Western Regions and began to return. On the way back, although the route was changed, it was discovered by the Huns and detained again for a year, and finally took advantage of the Opportunity of the Xiongnu civil strife to finally return to the Han Dynasty after thirteen years of mission time. When I first left, there were more than a hundred people, but due to the difficulties and harshness of the visiting road, when I came back, only Zhang Qian and Tang Yi's father were left. Although the first mission to the Western Regions did not achieve the goal of jointly resisting Hungary with the Ōtsuki clan, it opened up the road to the Western Regions, not only increased exchanges with the Western Regions, but also began to have more understanding and exchanges with central Anderic and southern European countries. Emperor Wu of Han made Zhang Qian the Grand Master of Taizhong.
Zhang Qian sent an envoy to Yunnan
During this mission, Zhang Qian discovered fine cloth and bamboo sticks produced in the Sichuan-Shu region in Bactria, which the people of Bactria said came from Tianzhu, which is today's India. Therefore, the people in the court felt that Tianzhu should not be far from Sichuan and Shu, so Emperor Wu of Han sent Zhang Qian to the Tianzhu Kingdom for the second time. Zhang Qian bypassed Yunnan, where there were barbarian tribes, and went directly to Dianyue, where the king of Dianyue was friendly to them, but due to the obstruction of Yunnan, they could not reach Tianzhu and had to return. Although the envoy this time did not arrive in Tianzhu, he had contacts with Dianyue, and Emperor Wu of Han was also very happy.
Zhang Qian sent a second mission to the Western Regions
In 119 BC, Wei Qinghuo went ill and drove the Xiongnu to the north of the desert, and the defeat of the Xiongnu caused many countries to begin to alienate the Xiongnu. Emperor Wu of Han took this opportunity to send Zhang Qian on a mission to the Western Regions again. This time Zhang Qian brought 300 people and more than 10,000 cattle and sheep as well as a lot of silk, tea, cloth and so on. They arrived in Wusong, which is today's Xinjiang area, and the king of Wusong received them very warmly and received a generous gift from the Han Dynasty, and the king of Wusong did not immediately agree to fight against the Han Against the Huns, but sent Zhang Qian back to Chang'an a year later, and at the same time sent many high-headed horses to the Han Dynasty. The people who went to Wusong with Zhang Qian were sent by Zhang Qian to other countries, and they also returned shortly after Zhang Qian returned to Chang'an.
Silk Road
On this mission, Zhang Qian and his envoys reached a total of 36 countries, and since then, the Han Dynasty and the merchants of the Western Regions have been in constant contact. Silk, tea, cloth and other products of the Han Dynasty went west from Chang'an to the west, through the Hexi Corridor, and then from Xinjiang to The Rest (the Iranian Plateau and the Two Rivers Valley), and then to West Asia and Europe to the Great Qin and Rome, forming the famous Silk Road in history. When Zhang Qian was on a mission to various countries, various countries once asked, which is the greater han dynasty compared to their countries? YelangGuo also raised such a question, so there was an idiom of later Yelang's arrogance. It was not until the emissaries of King Wusong came to the Han Dynasty that they learned of the enormity of the Han Dynasty, so they successively returned to the Han Dynasty. Later, in the second year of Emperor Xuan of Han, the Western Regions were officially under the jurisdiction of the central government. Zhang Qian died of illness in 114 BC and was buried in his hometown of Hanzhong.
Zhang Qian Monument