South Vietnam North Vietnam
Vietnam had been a French colony before World War II, occupied by Japan during World War II, and at the end of World War II in 1945, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Vietnam Independence League, established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi, North Vietnam, known as the "August Revolution".
At this time, France was red-eyed, its former colonies could not just give up, must get back their own pre-war interests, so with the help of the "good brothers" British, sneaked back to southern Vietnam, forcibly supported a "nothing" puppet regime, met with strong opposition from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, so the "Franco-Vietnamese War" broke out.
After the outbreak of the war, the French people felt more and more that their "puppet regime" was completely zero appeal, simply a decoration, and they had to find a "local" with appeal to establish a puppet regime, so they thought of the last emperor Baoda.
As a result, both France and Vietnam began to compete for the "Bao Da Ye", Bao Da Ye instantly became a "sought-after commodity", looking at the "throne" he had lost, Bao Da Ye was still moved, and with the support of France and some old forces, Bao Da Ye achieved restoration.
In 1949, Uncle Bao returned to Saigon from Hong Kong and established a provisional regime of the Vietnamese state, but before the honeymoon period of one year had passed, he found himself alone, not only the French did not buy it, but even the original ministers who supported them refused to fight for the puppet regime.
Uncle Bao shouted " Just stop, a handful of age, enjoy it", so he gave the power to Ruan Panlong "Brother Dragon", and he enjoyed a happy life like the "last emperor" - counting tickets every day and the life of tigers and buffalo "flying together", this year he was 37 years old, and waited until the return of Hong Kong before driving to the west.
The French, who had been fighting the "North Vietnamese" for 8 years in 1954, were exhausted after the defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and knew that the tide was gone, and after signing the Geneva Agreement, they withdrew from Vietnam. From this moment on, Vietnam, like North Korea, used 17 degrees north latitude as its military ceasefire line and implemented a north-south division. South Vietnam and North Vietnam were initially formed.
In fact, the French did not know at first that they were not losing to the Vietnamese army, but to the "Chinese military think tank" that commanded the Vietnamese army.
The French went, the Americans came. Without the support of the French, Uncle Bao was like "rootless water", and this year Uncle Bao helplessly appointed the next prime minister, Diệm. With the secret support of the United States, Lao Wu completely ignored "jianghu morality" and ousted all the people who had supported Uncle Bao, and Uncle Bao completely became the "Commander of the Light Pole", which is not to mention, Lao Wu directly crossed Uncle Bao to establish a republic and abolished the title of Head of Uncle Bao.
So far, South Vietnam under the capitalist camp and North Vietnam under the socialist camp have been formed.
After the United States signed the Paris Agreement in 1973, most of the US troops withdrew, but still left a "tail" in South Vietnam to support the South Vietnamese troops to continue to fight, which is basically the consistent behavior of the United States, after all, it is also unwilling. Without the support of the U.S. military, North Vietnam destroyed South Vietnam in just a few months, and in 1976 Vietnam was reunified.
Sino-Vietnamese relations
In 1960, the Soviet Union unilaterally tore up the contract and withdrew the experts who aided China, Sino-Soviet relations began to deteriorate, and in 1964 Khrushchev was ousted from power, we tried to repair relations with the Soviet Union, but ended with the Soviet Union making "unreasonable demands", and then the relations between the two countries fell to the bottom.
In 1969, the Zhenbao Island Border Army went from insulting each other to "wiping guns and going away", the two sides came and went, the battle lasted for more than half a month before a ceasefire was announced, and after this small-scale battle, we took back the actual control of Zhenbao Island. To this end, the Soviet Union made a big fuss on the diplomatic front and announced "surgical operations" on China, and later this news was revealed to China by the United States, and the Soviet Union was so angry that it broke its mouth and scolded.
Just when everyone was worried, Chairman Mao looked at ease and put forward the coping strategy of "digging deep holes, accumulating grain in large quantities, and not seeking hegemony." Chairman Mao said, "There is nothing to be afraid of, it is a big deal that we will rebuild a new China." Chairman Mao's actual strategy was to place troops on the Sino-Soviet border, and as soon as the war began, it would penetrate deep into the territory of the Soviet Union, destroy the enemy, and then build a new China in the territory of the Soviet Union.
Chairman Mao's boldness and boldness shocked the Soviet Union, and coupled with the fact that the United States did not want to lose China, an "ally" that contained the Soviet Union, through pressure, Brezhnev gave up the idea of a nuclear strike. But even this had an impact on the distribution of our garrison, and for a long time since then, for a long time, the center of gravity of our national defense forces has been largely concentrated on the northern border, in order to guard against this powerful "neighbor" in the north.
During the Sino-Soviet war, in order to suppress China and compete with the United States for world hegemony, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to win over Vietnam, and after Brezhnev came to power, he increased his assistance to Vietnam, with an annual aid of up to $1 billion, and there were tens of thousands of military experts stationed in Vietnam. That changed completely until one person died and one person came to power.
In 1969, Ho Chi Minh died of illness in Hanoi, and the pro-Soviet Le Sung came to power, and immediately after he came to power, he replaced all his team with pro-Soviet people, and some people who were originally friendly to us, such as Wu Yuanjia and Long March, were expelled from the central circle by Li Sung.
In Li Sun's eyes, there was never the term "kindness", and some were only interests. He believed that Chinese aid to Vietnam was a matter of course, and that Lê Duśn was a typical pro-Soviet and extremely anti-China man who, during his reign, the Chinese in Vietnam were severely ostracized until Du Mei's visit to China in the 1990s.
Aid to Vietnam
From the beginning of the second year of the founding of the People's Republic of China until the complete liberation of the South in 1975, China aided Vietnam with more than $20 billion. Among them, there are oil, automobiles, food, weapons and equipment, communication equipment, etc., in addition to some interest-free loans, the rest are free aid, and the assistance projects have reached more than 450.
Many people may only know that our assistance to Vietnam began in 1965, but in fact, since the beginning of the War to Resist France and Aid Vietnam, Chinese military experts have played a great role in guiding the construction of the Vietnamese army and helping them train a strong regular army. Otherwise, the "Great Victory of Dien Bien Phu" cannot be said.
During the War of Resistance Against France, China was also the only country to provide military assistance to Vietnam, and all the weapons, ammunition and equipment of the Vietnamese army were provided by China in accordance with the budget and the direct needs of the campaign.
According to relevant data, during the Vietnamese Resistance against France, China provided Vietnam with a total of more than 116,000 guns, in addition to 4,630 cannons of various kinds and a large number of communications, engineering equipment, food, clothing, medicine and other military supplies.
During the Vietnam War, China again provided a lot of aid to Vietnam.
During this period, many of the new equipment that our country has just produced, the Chinese army has not yet put into use, it has given priority to Vietnam, especially after 1965, with the Johnson administration expanding Kennedy's "special war" to "local war", China's assistance to Vietnam is as large as military equipment and small as daily necessities. You can think of the corresponding era, so many materials, are Chinese people grit their teeth and save from their own rations.
According to later declassified information on the Vietnam War. In 1964, before the start of the third phase of the Vietnam War, the three countries of China, Vietnam and Laos reached a "tripartite agreement" to defend Vietnam.
The general content of the agreement is: if the US military only bombs North Vietnam and intervenes in the south Vietnamese ground battle, then China will only send air defense troops to Vietnam; if the US military crosses the 17th parallel, China will send ground troops to Vietnam to participate in the war.
However, in 1965, after the start of the third phase, Vietnam strongly demanded that the Chinese side send support troops, and in early June 1965, the first Chinese support troops entered Vietnam to fight alongside the Vietnamese army. After that, we issued a "warning" to the United States through Britain, that is, if the United States crossed the seventeenth degree line, the Chinese ground forces would directly intervene, which was the bottom line.
It turned out that it was China's intervention that made the United States at that time jealous, and eventually did not cross the 17th parallel, otherwise the Vietnam War was likely to turn into another "Korean War".
In August 1973, all Chinese support troops in Vietnam on the mission of aiding Vietnam to resist the United States were withdrawn to China.
In the Vietnam War, we successively dispatched anti-aircraft artillery, engineering, railway, mine clearance, communication engineering brigades, road construction units, logistics and other units, and the number of troops participating in the battle reached 320,000. Among them, the Chinese air defense forces fought a total of 2153 air combat operations in Vietnam, shooting down 1707 enemy aircraft and injuring 1608 aircraft. The railway force built 117 kilometers of new railways in Vietnam and rebuilt 363 kilometers of railways. During the Vietnam War, more than 1,400 people were killed and more than 4,200 wounded, and many heroes were buried.
In fact, in the late stages of the Vietnam War, every time Vietnam sent someone to China, it was necessary to "open its mouth with a lion". The amount of assistance offered is huge, and although our country has refused, it has given them a lot of materials.
However, it may be because we are too good to Vietnam, as the old saying goes, "Sheng Mi En, Dou Mi Vengeance". Clothes to stretch out their hands, food to open their mouths, resulting in some people, led by Li Sun, being completely "spoiled", taking it for granted that China's assistance is taken for granted, and once the aid is less or less, the other party begins to "resent".
At the end of the Vietnam War, Nixon began an "ice-breaking journey" in response to the current international situation, and he himself visited China in 1972 and 1976. Sino-US relations began to move toward normalization. At this time, a country located in northern China and a country in southern China could not sit still...
Due to the length of the article, in order to facilitate everyone to read, why does Vietnam "turn the other cheek"? I will elaborate in the second article, which only tells about the "history of war" in Vietnam and the background of changes in Sino-Vietnamese relations.