Intangible cultural heritage is the crystallization of the wisdom and civilization of the Chinese nation, which is not only a witness to historical development, but also a precious and valuable cultural resource. Intangible cultural heritage that has been passed down for thousands of years, each of which contains a string of stories, waiting for those who have a heart to listen carefully; one after another that retains the temperature of the inheritors, blends a picture of civilization flowing and flowing in people's minds. The column "Shou Artist" tells the story of non-hereditary inheritors, takes everyone to experience the local history, culture, customs and customs behind the intangible cultural heritage, and experience the charm of the intangible cultural heritage.
Embroidery, also known as "female red", is one of the "four virtues" that are necessary for ancient women.
Bai Juyi's "Rich Girl in the Red Chamber, Golden Embroidery LuoZhi", Wei Zhuang's "Jinpu, Spring Girl, Embroidered Golden Wisp", all refer to the prosperity of female red.
However, embroidery has been washed and precipitated over time, and now it is no longer the shackles that lock the deep girl's daughter, but has been inherited and carried forward as a traditional Chinese folk handicraft.
The origin of embroidery and Zhenhai
When it comes to embroidery, most Ningbo people first think of the famous gold and silver embroidery, which can even be on a par with Su embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Shu embroidery and Cantonese embroidery. But in fact, embroidery has a long history in Zhenhai.
Zhenhai folk embroidery, commonly known as tie flower shed, tie flower, embroidery, and gold and silver embroidery gorgeous, it is generally with velvet and color thread on the cloth embroidery into a variety of patterns and patterns.
In the old days, there were many large families and businessmen in Zhenhai, the wives and ladies of the rich and noble families often used embroidery to relieve loneliness, and the women of ordinary families subsidized their families by selling embroidery. Therefore, Zhenhai folk embroidery is distributed throughout the territory, even if it is a girl in the countryside and in the mountains, most of them will do this skill.
In the early 1960s, Zhenhai also set up an embroidery factory to undertake embroidery orders from provinces, municipalities and even Hong Kong and Macao. At that time, an embroidery lady with excellent craftsmanship could get 20 or 30 yuan a month. The development of this business not only increases the income of local people, but also invisibly cultivates a new generation of embroidery talents.
Nowadays, most of the middle-aged and elderly women who can embroider in Zhenhai are cultivated at that stage. The non-hereditary heir, Wang Fang, inherited the art of embroidery from the elders in the family.
"Embroidery is a part of my life."
Because the female elders in the family are good at female red needles, especially the great aunt, who was once a professional embroidery lady. After a long time of hearing and seeing, as well as the nature of girls, Wang Fang began to contact and learn embroidery as a child.
With the blessing of heredity and talent, Wang Fang's embroidery learning process is extremely smooth, from simple flowers and plants to various delicate small statues, she can always get started quickly. Also because the tools used in embroidery are simple, as long as the embroidery cloth, embroidery thread, embroidery bandage, needle, scissors can be, gradually, embroidery has become a part of Wang Fang's life.
When others are chasing dramas and shopping in their free time, Wang Fang is obsessed with studying embroidery patterns and learning color matching. In addition to her daily necessities, she spent almost all her remaining money on various embroidery materials.
Today, the family's study has also been transformed into a handicraft workshop by Wang Fang, the bookcase has become a display cabinet for works, and the drawers and lockers are filled with various fabrics, colorful embroidery threads, shiny flashes and beads.
"It's like some people like sports, some people like to chase dramas, and I just happen to like embroidery." 」 Wang Fang said that in addition to love, the support of her family has also given her the motivation to persevere.
Sink your heart and be willing to innovate
Compared with large and complete embroidery, Wang Fang prefers to embroider small pieces of sachets and pendants, and generally a work takes 5-7 days from design to sample expansion to embroidery.
The key to the success of embroidery lies in the skillful use of stitching. No matter what pattern is embroidered, the stitches should be aligned, and the missing needle should be filled in time, which is also the basic skill of embroidery. Common embroidery stitches include seed embroidery, chain embroidery, contour embroidery, satin embroidery, etc., even if a fist-sized pattern, the process also requires several stitches to be mixed.
"It is not difficult to learn the technique of embroidery, but it requires the learner to be meticulous and careful, and more patient and persistent." Wang Fang said that now most young people are three minutes of heat, or blindly seeking speed, eager to achieve, just started to think about embroidery large pieces, basically can not hold on to a few days before giving up.
As a non-hereditary heir, Wang Fang is also committed to promoting this skill, not only opening fabric art courses in Zhenhai Jiaochuan Bilingual Primary School, but also volunteering in the Laodizi Handicraft Workshop in Zhuangshi Street, teaching embroidery, handicraft and other content.
Although so far, Wang Fang has not met a "person with a relationship" who can teach skills. Fortunately, she met a group of like-minded friends online, and everyone exchanged ideas and skills online every day.
In recent years, the rise of national tide culture, hanfu, qipao, embroidery fan, sachet and other cultural derivatives of the best-selling, but also let Wang Fang see the hope of embroidery inheritance. "The niece of the family just happens to study design, and plans to cooperate with them in the future to create works that can reflect both classical embroidery skills and modern aesthetics." Wang Fang said.