All kinds of accidents will always happen in life
Some are even life-threatening
What should be done in these situations
Master these first aid methods
"Save" at the critical moment
Recently, Zhang Jinsong, director of the Emergency Medicine Department of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, was invited to answer questions online and share the most practical first aid knowledge for you.
When is CPR used?
If someone suddenly collapses next to you, do you need to perform CPR immediately? We can evaluate it in two ways. First, while tapping the patient on the shoulder, he called out: "Hey, what's wrong with you?" ", observe whether the patient is conscious. Then untie the upper part of the patient's clothing to see if there is breathing in the chest, or you can use your hands to probe the patient's mouth and nose to see if the patient is still breathing. The above operation should be completed within 10 seconds as much as possible, and if the patient's consciousness and breathing are gone, cardiac compressions can be performed, and the compression frequency should reach 100 times to 120 times per minute. At the same time, remind the surrounding people to dial 120 and request rescue.
How does CPR work?
1. Preparation
Before doing CPR, it is necessary to confirm the safety of the scene and the surrounding environment to avoid secondary injuries. Try to keep the patient in a supine position. If there is vomiting, the patient's head can be tilted to one side to prevent vomit from blocking the airway.
2. Chest compression
Kneel on one side of the patient, cross your hands, and straighten your arms to find the correct pressure point (if the patient is a child or an adult male, the pressure point should be located in the middle of the patient's double nipple connection, if the patient is an adult woman, the pressure point should be 1/3 of the lower middle of the sternum). Press firmly with the palm of your hand 30 times at a speed of at least 100-120 times/min, and press at a depth of at least 5-6 cm.
3, Artificial respiration
First, the vomit or secretions in the patient's mouth are cleaned up to ensure that the airway is unobstructed. When artificial respiration is done, breathable items such as breathing film, gauze, or handkerchief can be placed in the patient's mouth for isolation. Then pinch the sides of the patient's nose with your hands, completely wrap the patient's mouth with your mouth, and blow twice. Each time you blow, pay attention to the rise and fall of the chest to ensure effective blowing, and loosen the fingers that are tightly pinching the patient's nose. Each blow should last for 1-2 seconds, and should not be too long, nor should the amount of air blowing be too large.
4. Cooperate with AED defibrillation
If you can find an AED (In Vitro Automatic Defibrillator) nearby, then be sure to use it. Because the vast majority of patients with cardiac arrest present in the early stages of rapid and disordered fluttering of the heart. The use of AED in conjunction with CPR can stop the fibrillation by electric shock and then continue to press, which is conducive to the recovery of heart beats.
If the patient does not regain his heartbeat and breathing, he can continue to repeat the above steps until 120 rescue arrives.
Foreign bodies get stuck in the throat with Heimlich first aid
Heimlich first aid is mainly through the impact of the abdomen, generating upward pressure, compressing the lower part of the two lungs, driving the residual air in the lungs to form an impactful and directional air flow, and expelling foreign bodies that block the trachea and throat.
1. Adults
The rescuer stands behind the patient with his arms around his waist. With one hand in a fist, place the thumb side of the fist on the patient's chest and abdomen above the umbilicus. Grab the fist with your other hand and quickly hit the pressure on the patient's abdomen. Repeat until the foreign body is discharged.
2. Children's section
For children over 2 years of age, stand behind your child with your hands between your child's navel and sternum. One hand clenches a fist, the other hand wraps the fist, both arms tighten vigorously, and the child's chest is pressed instantaneously, continuing several times until the tracheal blockage is lifted.
For infants under 2 years of age, you can pick up the baby, face down, and lean on the adult's arm or leg. With one hand, vigorously pat the baby in the middle of both shoulder blades 5 times, then turn the baby over, in the lower half of his sternum, press 5 times with the index and middle fingers, and repeat the above actions until the foreign body spits out.
Drowning first aid does not require water control
After rescuing a drowning person ashore, do you want to find a way to help him pour out the water that has choked into his lungs? Nope! For drowning people with respiratory and cardiac arrest, CPR should be performed immediately. Don't try to help him control the water by turning his back, etc., this will only delay the rescue time.
Wound bleeding is pressed in time
When trauma bleeding occurs, remember to perform pressure in time to stop the bleeding. If the amount of bleeding is not large, it is enough to press the wound for 3-5 minutes; if the bleeding is large, the wound can be bandaged with clean gauze and then pressed until the hospital. It is worth reminding that if the wound is more than 2 centimeters, even if the amount of bleeding is not much, it is necessary to go to the hospital for suture treatment.
Cat and dog bites must be vaccinated against rabies
When an animal bite occurs, the wound can be rinsed with water first, and the wound should be fully exposed to the water when flushing, generally for about 15 minutes. If the wound is large, it is recommended to go to the hospital for treatment before going to get the rabies vaccine.
Jiangsu Radio and Television Rong Media News Center reporter / Zhu Dan
Camera/ Shao Yicheng
Source: Jiangsu News