Born in 1931 in a military industrial zone in the Ural Mountains of Russia, Yeltsin inherited his father's violent temper and was very aggressive and adventurous in his childhood.
Once Yeltsin and a few companions stole two grenades and tried to take them apart, but they couldn't open them anyway, so Yeltsin asked the other students to scatter, intending to smash the grenades with hammers. As a result, it is conceivable that Yeltsin almost lost his life, but he lost two fingers, and his boldness to die almost accompanied Yeltsin's entire growth process.
Of course, this adventurous personality also brought huge dividends to Yeltsin. For example, on the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the whole of Russia was in chaos, and a large number of people and soldiers gathered at the door of the White House to prepare to arrest Yeltsin, and Yeltsin, like Zhao Zilong, boarded a tank and delivered a passionate speech, which not only made these soldiers fall to themselves, but also gained great prestige.
But this "boldness" brought disaster to the entire country, and In less than a decade in power, Yeltsin is considered to be the worst period in Russia's nearly one hundred years. During these 10 years, the Russian people experienced institutional collapse, the division of the state, the degeneration of morality, and the decline of social living standards.
Although it is impossible to throw all pots to Yeltsin, there is no doubt that Yeltsin played a very crucial role in this process, so much so that the Russian people hated him to the bone and named him the worst leader of the 20th century.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's state power also began to weaken, forming a sharp confrontation with the localities. During the Soviet era, Yeltsin advised local leaders to "swallow as much sovereignty as you can," which disintegrated the Soviet Union but also created a local centrifugal tendency in Russia.
Local chief executives are no longer appointed by superiors, but are directly elected by local governments, and the state loses the right to appoint and dismiss local governments, and even many localities have enacted laws and regulations that are contrary to the federation. According to the statistics of the Emperor Pu the Great, more than 25% of the laws and regulations in Russia did not conform to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which led to the decisions made above, which were not implemented at the local level, and the Russian Federation was useless.
During his administration, a total of 7 general managers, 7 security ministers, 10 finance ministers, 6 interior ministers, 6 secretaries of the security council, 3 foreign ministers, and 3 defense ministers were replaced.
Of course, the first to benefit were the oligarchs who gave him "special help," such as Berezovsky, whose public television station he controlled, and Independent Television, which Gusinsky controlled, attacked Yeltsin's political opponents at key moments in the campaign. For example, in the 1996 general election, the above-mentioned media comprehensively reported positively on Yeltsin, vigorously criticizing the opposition Party Zyuganov.
Even in the final stages, when Yeltsin had a heart attack and had difficulty speaking, in order to cover up his illness, the campaign team and television stations went so far as to deceive voters by editing videos.
In return for peaches, in return for li, and then in the process of privatization of state-owned assets, these oligarchs swallowed state-owned assets in various ways. These oligarchs used the method of "privatization of money" to privatize state-owned assets by auction and bidding when the regime was weak and in urgent need of external funds.
In the 1990s, Russia's GDP fell by almost 50%, only equivalent to 1/10 of the United States, 1/5 of China, after the 1998 financial crisis, Russia's per capita GDP was only 3500 US dollars, 74% of the population lived in extreme poverty living standards.
In 1999, Russia's external debt exceeded $150 billion, its domestic debt exceeded $58 billion, and its foreign exchange reserves were only a pitiful $12.4 billion, and its national economy was on the verge of collapse. Foreign debt is like the curse imposed on Russia by the West, so that Russia's annual foreign debt expenditure accounts for more than 30% of the budget, and foreign debt has also become a "five-finger mountain" on Russia's head, making Russia almost breathless.
This huge economic weakness also led to a military slump, and by 1999, Russia's military expenditure was only $7 billion, compared with the United States' $288.8 billion, Russia did not even pay enough for the maintenance of weapons left over from the Soviet period. At that time, the troops even could not pay the electricity bill, which led to power outages.
The country's economy is so difficult, in addition to the exploitation of the state by these oligarchs, there are Yeltsin's radical reforms, the most radical of which is the use of "shock therapy".
Shock therapy, as the name suggests, keeps the whole country in a state of suspension, starting from the control of total social demand, taking the most severe administrative and economic means, and forcibly compressing consumption demand and investment demand in a short period of time, so as to balance the total social demand and total supply, thereby curbing the gradually deteriorating inflation, and then restarting the social economy and restoring order to the entire national economy.
The idea was good, the initial effect was good, and in less than a week of implementation, hyperinflation was effectively controlled. In fact, before Russia, Bolivia, Poland and other countries have tried shock therapy, and also achieved good results. However, when it came to Russia, due to the accumulation of too many problems before, it was difficult to return, and the use of shock therapy was tantamount to a weak patient, who gave him another knife and accelerated his decline.
At the same time, Russia is still missing a very important link, that is, the help of the United States. Both Bolivia and Poland were able to survive the shock hour because of the huge loans they received from the United States. For example, in 1989, Poland received $1 billion in aid from the United States during shock therapy.
Although Yeltsin repeatedly courted the West during his reign, he moved toward the West one-sidedly. In diplomacy, taking Western countries as the main object of cooperation, they have lost their own position on major issues and even abandoned their own interests. For example, Yeltsin ignored the protests of the opposition and followed the example of the West to establish a strong presidential system, while Yeltsin also used the opposition to continuously strengthen his power. For example, on April 25, 1993, Yeltsin used a referendum to obtain the authorization of the people to dissolve the people's congress, the highest organ of state power, by force, and then adopted a constitution to establish a three-power separation system with the president as the core. Of course, this monopoly of power also allows Emperor Pu to eat a wave of dividends.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the heads of state of the seven Western countries invited Yeltsin to attend the Annual Meeting in London, at which the West vowed to give Economic Help to Russia, which made Yeltsin almost crazy at the meeting, and US President Bush also openly expressed his support for Yeltsin, and even promised to give Russia more than $24 billion in economic help.
The ideal is very full, the reality is very bone, most of the Western aid is deferred loan repayment to be cashed out, that is, the money you owe me can be repaid later, as for borrowing new money, and so on. This move toward the West, instead of achieving an economic recovery, has led to an overall decline in Russia's economy.
Many people wonder, why has China not been able to follow in Russia's footsteps? Quite simply, China does not have a fool like Yeltsin. From the very beginning, China has adopted gradual reforms, step by step, steadily, even if the "price barrier" is brewing for a long time, in a small range of trial operation.
There is no harm without contrast, and after experiencing Pu the Great, the Russians felt that Yeltsin had a lot of dishes. During the Yeltsin era, Russia's international status was constantly declining, and separatist forces even affected the unification of the entire country.
We look at the subsequent era of Prussian, which in less than 3 years quickly stabilized the situation in the country and maintained the stability of the Russian Federation. Before assuming the presidency, Russia felt the great boldness of this iron-fisted president, sent troops to Chechnya to fight terrorism and separatist forces, and then through a series of powerful measures, weakened local political forces and strengthened the power of the central government.
Beginning in 2000, Emperor Pu began to eradicate the oligarchy left over from the Yeltsin era, paving the way for domestic political and economic development by fighting oligarchy. It should be known that in the Yeltsin era, more than 500 oligarchy-controlled groups controlled 2,000 commercial enterprises and more than 700 banks in China, and under the subsequent vigorous crackdown of Emperor Pu, more than 4,500 people were arrested on suspicion of money laundering.
Through a series of rectifications, a change in the past oligarchy control of the financial drawbacks, Russia gradually towards stability.
Watching movies and TV series, we like "mangfu" because they can create miracles, but the country is different, it needs stability and unity, stability is better than everything, and through gradual reform, let the whole country develop step by step in a good direction.