Editor's note: "Patrol Emperor Nan Tour" Yue Dongting, over Junshan Mountain, Xiao Xiaoxiang, Deng jiuling, crashing into the nine doubts of Jiangnan, "Empress Dowager Ying'er" thousands of years of searching for husbands, two daughters martyrs, with life played the first tragic love ode in the history of Chinese culture. In order to praise its "love story", only the lake Xiang dadi has "Erfei Temple" also.
Han Liu told the "Biography of the Spirited Daughter • Youyu Erfei" Yun: "There are Yu Erfei, Emperor Yao's second daughter, Chang'e Emperor, and second daughter Ying". Northern Wei Li Daoyuan 'Notes on the Water Classics': "The second concubine conscripted, drowned in Xiangshui, the people were on the water side of the ancestral temple, the Jingzhou Mu Liu table was published with stone monuments, and the tree was in the temple, in order to pass on the immortality."
Emperor Shun toured the south, collapsed in Cangwu, and was buried in Jiangnan Jiuxuan, while Emperor Yao's second daughter and Emperor Shun's second concubine were martyred, tearfully sprinkled Xiang bamboo, threw themselves into Xiangshui, and became the god of Xiang. The second daughter martyred and used her life to play the first tragic love ode in the history of Chinese culture.
Huxiang Dadi, Jiuling Mountain (Xiangfei Temple), Dongting Lakeside (Junshan Xiangfei Ancestral Hall), Xiaoxiang Confluence (Xiaoxiang Erfei Temple), Xiang (Jiang) Qi (Water) (Xiaoxiang Temple) intersection, etc. have built "Xiangfei Ancestral Hall", "Xiaoxiang Temple", "Xiaoxiang Temple" (also known as "Erfei Temple") and so on.
1. Xiangyin Huangling Erfei Temple
The Huangling Temple is located on the east bank of the Xiang River outside the embankment of the fishing grounds in present-day Santang Township, Xiangyin.
Xiangyin Huangling Temple
According to historical records, it is located in the south of Huangling Mountain in the ancient Xiangyin Yingtian, huangling mountain is also known as Xiangshan Mountain. The Huangling Second Concubine Ancestral Hall was first called Xiangshan Temple, and thereafter it was also called Huangling Temple, which was named after "Xiangshan Mountain" and "Huangling Mountain".
The Book of Han and geography says: "Luo, Liandao, Yiyang, Xiangshan in the north." ”
Ming Jiajing's "Hunan Tongzhi" directly said: "Huangling Mountain is forty-five miles north of the county, a Xiangshan Mountain. ”
Qin Shi Huang patrolled south to block the wind here, ochre Xiang Mountain. It is explained that this temple was built in the pre-Qin Dynasty.
The only one in the country recorded in the Northern Wei Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classics" is that a temple of the second concubine and the tomb of the second concubine are here.
In 219 BC, Qin Shi Huang toured the south and passed the Xiangshan Ancestral Hall. The "Chronicle of History" records this: floating river, to the Xiangshan Temple. When there is a strong wind, it is almost impossible to cross. The doctor asked, "Xiangjun God?" The doctor said to Yue: "Smell, Yao's daughter, Shun's wife, and bury here." So the First Emperor was furious, and ordered the three thousand prisoners to cut down the Xiangshan tree and ochre the mountain.
The records of the "Records of History" show that there was already a "Xiangshan Ancestral Hall" on Xiangshan Mountain, and there was a tomb of the Second Concubine. The first emperor traveled, there is a record of Taishi following, and his deeds are conclusive and credible. The second concubine was Emperor E, Lady Ying, and the wife of Emperor Shun.
Northern Wei Li Daoyuan "Water Jing Zhu Xiang Shui": "Xiang Shui flows west, the path of the Erfei Temple south, the world is called the Huangling Temple." Yan Da Shun's Zhi Fang Ye, the second concubine Congzheng, drowned in the Xiang River, the abyss of the Divine Tour of the Cave Garden, and entered and exited the Xiao xiang Zhi Pu ,...... The people erected a shrine on the side of the water. The modern great Mao Zedong also quoted this classic with the verse "A Thousand Tears of a Branch of Bamboo".
According to legend, after the second concubine was killed in Xiangshui, the local people buried her on a hill on the bank of the Xiang River and erected a shrine to worship the second concubine. The name of this mountain is "Xiangshan Mountain". The "History of the Five Emperors" contains "The Yellow Emperor Dengxiong Xiang". People believe that the "Xiang" in it is Xiangshan Mountain. Because the Yellow Emperor once ascended, posterity also called it Huangling Mountain. The Erfei Ancestral Hall was originally called "Xiangshan Temple", and later known as "Huangling Temple".
The earliest record of the Xiangshan Ancestral Hall in historical documents can be traced back to Qu Yuan's works "Xiangjun" and "Lady Xiang".
Qu Yuan was banished to Yuanxiang and composed works such as "Leaving the Troubles" and "Nine Songs", which contain two poems, "Xiang Jun" and "Lady Xiang", which specifically describe the scene when Qu Yuan sacrificed the second concubine.
The Huangling Erfei Ancestral Hall has been passed down from ancient times and belonged to the earliest folk ancestral worship activities. However, due to the lofty status of the second concubine and its great influence, the second concubine's ancestral hall gradually received the attention of the government. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jingzhou Mu Liu Biao once planted a stele of the Erfei Ancestral Hall, and the stele was named "Xiang Lady Monument". The tree stele is to record the merits of building the ancestral temple, so the Liu Biao tree stele should be regarded as its reconstruction or reconstruction of the Erfei Ancestral Hall. This is the first time in historical documents that there are records of the official construction of the Huangling Second Concubine Ancestral Hall.
After Liu Biao, in the ninth year of Jin Taikang (288), when sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, unified the world, the Huangling Erfei Ancestral Hall was built, and the Shiren Tree Monument was commemorated, and the monument was named "Emperor Yu's Erfei Monument".
However, what made the Huangling Second Concubine Ancestral Hall shine for the first time in history was the Great Confucian Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty.
In the spring of the fourteenth year of Tang Yuanhe (819), Emperor Xianzong Li Chun (788-820) listened to the words of the Buddhist family, mobilized the people, and sent emissaries from Fengxiang to welcome the so-called "Buddha bone relics" into the palace, and the emperor and the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu all came to worship. Han Yu wrote a letter to anger Emperor Xianzong, who was determined to kill him. However, both the chancellor and the imperial family repeatedly interceded for Han Yu, and Emperor Xianzong instead relegated him to the farthest place from the imperial court at that time, Chaozhou, where crocodiles often ate people, to be an assassin. "A letter to the Ninth Heaven, the sunset of the Chaoyang Road eight thousand." Han Yu, full of grief and indignation, headed south, passing by the Huangling Ancestral Hall. He docked the boat at the foot of the Huangling Mountain, picked up the steps to the Huangling Ancestral Hall, and poured out his prayers in front of the statue of the second concubine. He made a gua in the temple, and the gua said "Ru Zhi". At this time, in Han Yu's heart, "Ru Zhi" should have two understandings:
One is the worldly meaning of "doing what you want"; there is also a layer of understanding, that is, the second concubine is encouraging Han Yu to stick to his correct position and goals. So, what is Han Yu's position and goal? That is, to adhere to the position of Chinese culture and defend the orthodox status of Confucianism.
Han Yu has a saying in the "Original Path": "The so-called Tao of Si Wu is not the so-called path of the old and the Buddha." Yao yi is the transmission of Shun, Shun is the soup of the transmission, tang is the transmission of the Text, Wu, Zhou Gong, Wen, Wu, Zhou Gong is the transmission of Confucius, Confucius is the transmission of Meng Ke, the death of Ke can not be passed on. ”
What Han Yu calls "Tao" is the "Tao" of Confucianism. He said that this "Tao" was first passed on from Emperor Yao to Emperor Shun, who passed it on to Shang Tang, Shang Tang to King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, and Gongdan of Zhou, King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, and King Gongdan of Zhou to Confucius, and Confucius passed it on to Meng Ke. This is Han Yu's Confucian "Taoist theory." Han Yu opposed the bones of the Buddha in order to maintain the orthodox status of Confucian culture.
In the first month of the fifteenth year of Yuan He (820), Tang Xianzong died, and in September of that year, the new emperor Tang Muzong recalled Han Yu, made him a sacrifice for Chaosan Dafu and Shou Guozi, and re-gave him a purple gold fish bag. Han Yu immediately entrusted the 100,000 yuan he had saved to entrust the then Yue Prefecture Assassin Shi Wang Kan to help repair the Huangling Second Concubine Ancestral Hall. In October of the fifteenth year of Yuan He, Han Yu specially sent his subordinate Zhang Deyi to the Erfei Ancestral Hall to pay tribute, and presented the "Tribute to lady Xiang Junxiang" written by him personally. The offering reviewed Han Yu's process of worshipping and asking for blessings at the Huangling Ancestral Hall, and expressed his reverence and gratitude for the second concubine.
After the Huangling Ancestral Hall was renovated, Han Yu entrusted the new Yuezhou Assassin Zhang Yu to help build a monument. Han Yu personally wrote the inscription and asked Shen Chuanshi (who was the same name as Chu Suiliang) to write it by Shen Chuanshi, a great calligrapher who was then the assassin of Tanzhou. It can be seen that the historical value and literary and artistic value of the Han Stele of the Huangling Temple were all at the peak of the Tang Dynasty and in the history of Chinese culture.
The stele that Han Yu and others planted was called the "Huangling Temple Stele", and the inscription written by him said: There is a temple called huangling in Xiangbian, which has been erected since ancient times as the second daughter of the ancestral temple Yao and the second concubine of Shun. ...... The second concubine is known as the scheming of Shun, the removal of Shun's doom, and the sanctity of Shun. Yao died and Shun had the power of the son of heaven and the power of the second concubine, and it was advisable to be a god and a sacrifice to the people. Those who cross the Xiang River today do not dare not enter the temple.
Yao and Shun are the source of the Confucian "Taoism" that Han Yu respected, and the second concubine, as the Yao daughter Shunfei, "the virtue of Guangyao" and "the saint of Cheng Shun", is an important figure who plays a key role in the source of the Confucian "Daoism", that is, an important pioneer of Confucian culture.
Han Yu worshipped, asked for blessings, built temples, made offerings, erected monuments, and wrote articles, tirelessly, conscientiously, diligently, and earnestly, and his purpose was actually to use this series of actions to show his firm stand on safeguarding Confucian Taoism and to continue his struggle to safeguard Chinese juche culture. Since then, the Huangling Erfei Temple has also entered the annals of Confucian culture, becoming a sacred, mysterious and legendary landmark in the history of Confucianism.
After Han Yu, the inheritance and development of the Huangling Second Concubine Ancestral Hall ushered in a golden period. From the imperial court sacrifices and edicts to the local sacrifices, there have been more than ten repairs.
The Old Book of Tang and the Emperor of Sorrow contains: (Tianyu) Second Year (905) Nong Yin, Hunan Ma Yin Song, Yuezhou Dongting, The Side of Qingcao, There are four ancient ancestral halls, first with the desert, the subjects restored the temple bi, begging for quotas. Edict of the Huangling Second Concubine Ancestral Hall Yi Festival... In May of the second year of the Later Jin Dynasty (937), Ma Yin's son, Ma Xifan, the third king of the Southern Chu state, asked The Later Jin Emperor Shi Jingyao to seal the ancient ancestral hall of Qingcaojian in Dongting. The Huangling Temple was changed from "YiJie" to "Zhaolie".
In the eighth year of the Taiping Revival of the Song Dynasty (983), Emperor Taizong of Song ordered the reconstruction of the Huangling Temple. This is the first time in history that the emperor himself ordered the construction of the Huangling Temple, and the construction of the Huangling Temple became a "national project". Ming Jiajing's "Chronicle of Changsha Province" records:
Huangling Temple, forty miles north of the county (north of Xiangyin County), was built by Han Liu Biao to honor Yu Shun's second concubine. For this reason, the festival was held on June 14. Confucian "Zushu Yao Shun".
2. Xiaoxiang Temple in Lingling Xiaoxiang Ancient Town (Erfei Temple)
Xiaoxiang Temple (also known as Xiaoxiang Erfei Temple, Erfei Temple, Xiangyuan Erfei Temple) is located on the shallow mountain on the east bank of Xiaoxiang ten miles outside the north gate of Lingling in Gu county, and is an important place to worship Emperor Shun. Xiaoxiang Temple: The ancient temple was at the place where the Xiaoxiang Confluence (Xiaoxiang Zhiyuan was named: Xiangyuan Erfei) Temple, and then migrated to the east bank, and the Zhengyi Temple was burned by soldiers, so it was placed in Xiaoxiang Gate...
Han Liu told the "Biography of the Spirited Daughter • Youyu Erfei" Yun: "There are Yu Erfei, Emperor Yao's second daughter, Chang'e Emperor, and second daughter Ying". They were the two daughters of Emperor Yao and the concubines of Emperor Shun, who had helped Da Shun to get rid of the persecution of his brother "Elephant" and successfully ascend to the throne, but afterwards encouraged Shun to repay his grievances with virtue and tolerate and be kind to those mortal enemies. Their virtues were thus recorded and widely praised by the people. When Emperor Shun inspected the southern Sanmiao in his later years, the second concubine did not accompany him, and may have finally been relieved, so he followed, and when the two arrived at the Nine Doubts Mountain of Ningyuan in Lingling, the news of Shun's death came, and the second concubine xiang and wept bitterly, and carried each other on the Nine Doubts Mountain to find a husband, "tears stained bamboo, bamboo is stained with it." Since Shun had died, the second concubine suddenly felt that her soul had no hope, and the second concubine returned to the road, passing through the Xiang River, facing the autumn wind of the Yuanyuan, the falling wooden leaves, and the two people who were worried about shun finally donated their bodies to the cold water and went away with Shun. The majesty of the martyrdom of the great husbands is truly rare, showing that they are exemplary wives loyal to their husbands from beginning to end. After the death of the second concubine, she became the god of Xiangshui, and posterity respected her as "Xiangfei", and since then there has been a beautiful legend of the tear-stained bamboo.
The poignant and great love story of the second concubine and Shun made posterity highly respect the noble quality of the two concubines; Because the second concubine finally died in the Xiang River and became the god of Xiangshui, the people of the Xiangshui River Basin often prayed to them, so many Xiangfei Temples (Junshan of Dongting Lake) were built in the Xiangjiang River Basin. Perhaps from the time when the myth of the Second Concubine began to circulate, Xiao Xiang's people began to worship these two beautiful fairies.
Xiaoxiang Second Concubine Temple
Xiaoxiang Temple, located on the shallow hill on the east bank of Xiaoshui in Lingling Ancient County, is an ancient temple dedicated to Emperor Shun's second concubine, Empress Dowager Ying, and an important place for the officials of successive dynasties to welcome and send off the new ones. This temple is one of the only surviving Xiangfei temples in Xiaoxiang and Xiang so far, and it is also a cultural relics carrier for remembering Emperor Shun, carrying forward Shunde, and praising the sentiments of the second concubine. It is across the river from the famous scenic spot of "Pingzhou Spring Rise" - Pingdao, and is also the location of the ancient and modern Lingling Millennium Xiaoxiang Ancient Town, which is the key to the north and south of the ancient Lingling Tombs.
Lingling Xiaoxiang Erfei Temple
3. Qiyang Xiaoxiang Temple is located on a sudden stone mountain at the confluence of the Xiang River and Qishui In the county seat. Originally built as Xiaoxiang Temple, it was built to commemorate Emperor Shun's "Floating Xiang River and Tracing Xiaoxiang", which enshrined the statues of Emperor Shun, Emperor E, and Female Ying. During the Ming Jiajing period (1522-1566), the temple was changed to a building, adjacent to the Xuegong. This building pillow stone, leaning on the city wall, endangered by the Water, Linxiang River, the environment is unique, and the sound of the twilight bell and drum is melodious, which sets off the empty silence of the Xuegong, so the scenery is named "Xianglou Bell Rhyme", one of the "Eight Views of the Xuegong".
Qiyang Xiaoxiang Temple (Erfei Temple)
The old appearance of Qiyang Xiaoxiang Temple
4. Xiangfei Ancestral Hall of Junshan, Dongting Lake
Xiangfei Ancestral Hall, also known as Xiangshan Ancestral Hall, is located on the east side of Junshan Mountain and is one of the earliest ancestral hall buildings in Hunan. The "History of Qin Shi Huang Benji" records: "The twenty-eighth year of the first emperor (note: referring to 219 BC) ,...... Floating River to Xiangshan Ancestral Hall. In the Tang Dynasty Baling County, Li Misi's "Chronicle of the Xiangjun Temple" said: "In the past, people had the Xiangjun Ancestral Hall on this mountain, which was called the Junshan Mountain, and its temple was destroyed by the King of Qin for a long time. It can be seen that before the Qin Dynasty, there was already a Xiangfei Ancestral Hall, which enshrined Xiang Concubines, that is, Yu Shun's two concubines, Emperor E and Nüying.
Dongting Lake Junshan Xiangfei Ancestral Hall
Attached Poems:
Temple of the Second Concubine
Seven Absolutes Waigu
Emperor Shun's southern tour did not return,
The second concubine complained between the clouds.
How much did the tears know at that time,
Until now, bamboo is still spotted.
Bamboo Shangban: Spotted bamboo, also known as Xiangfei bamboo. A variant of Gangzhu, a hunan specialty, originates from Junshan Mountain in Dongting Lake and Jiuling Mountain in Ningyuan County.
Folklore says that banzhu was dyed by the tears of the second concubine, according to Jin Zhanghua's "Natural History": the daughter of Yao, the second concubine of Shun, known as Lady Xiang. Emperor Beng, the second concubine cries, swings the bamboo with a snot, and the bamboo is full of spots.
"ShuYi Ji" Yun: Shunnan Tour, buried in Cangwu, Yao Er Empress, Female Ying tears stained bamboo, Jiu Xi for the spot, also known as Xiangfei bamboo.
The virtue of the second concubine Guangyao and the sage of Cheng Shun are important pioneers of Confucian culture and can be called "Chinese female saints". The second concubine is the head of the Chinese "mother ceremony", the source of Chinese "female morality", and the ancestor of the "Xiangnu". Erfei culture is the source of Huxiang culture and an important part of Chinese culture.
Xiangyin Huangling Erfei Ancestral Hall is a temple of Erfei culture, the birthplace of Huxiang culture, and the ancestral court of Xiangnu culture, which occupies a special and important position in the history of Chinese culture.
Xiaoxiang confluence, Dongting Lake, under the Jiuling Mountain, Huxiang land is bathed in "Shunde culture" and "Erfei culture", Huxiang culture is carried forward. (According to: 1. Huxiang culture: Xiangyin Huangling Erfei Ancestral Hall Shi Luo, etc.; 2. The story of Xiangfei and Xiaoxiang Temple, etc.)
Editor: Yin Junjun
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