In addition to feeling the cold of the weather in winter, most people will also experience more and more dry, especially in households using floor heating or air conditioning, the dry environment is more obvious. At this time, the number of patients with nosebleeds also increased significantly. Children and the elderly make up the majority. When encountering "nosebleeds", some people may worry: "Will repeated nosebleeds be blood diseases?" "Is the nosebleed on fire?"
In fact, nosebleeds, also known as epistaxis, are a common emergency in rhinophyllology. About 60% of people will have epistaxis in their lifetime. Epistaxis are more likely to occur in the Little area under the anterior and lower nasal septum, and most of the epistaxis are easier to manage, but for patients with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, coagulation dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction, it may be difficult to manage.
What is the cause of nosebleeds?
Local factors:
1. Nose picking: one of the most common causes, bleeding tends to occur near the junction of the skin and mucous membrane.
2. When the surrounding air humidity is low, it causes dryness and irritation of the nasal mucosa.
3. Congestion of the nasal mucosa caused by various types of rhinitis (allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, etc.), which can be particularly serious caused by local injury. When nosebleeds with purulent discharge suggest the presence of a nasal foreign body.
4. Nasal trauma: nasal bleeding often occurs from facial trauma, often anterior bleeding.
5. Nasal tumor: nasopharyngeal fibrohemangioma and nasal hemangioma are more common in adolescent men.
Systemic factors:
1. Long-term use of anticoagulants: long-term oral warfarin and other anticoagulant drugs.
2. Hypertension and alcohol consumption: alcohol intake or long-term hypertension will increase the risk of nosebleeds.
3. Nutritional disorders or vitamin deficiency: long-term partial eating, easy to cause nutritional disorders, trace element deficiency, causing nosebleeds.
4. Bleeding diseases: such as hereditary telangiectasia.
What should I do if I have nosebleeds?
1. Tilt your head forward. Many people unconsciously look back after nosebleeds, which is actually not conducive to hemostasis. Because the head is thrown back, the blood will flow backwards, and after passing through the nostrils into the pharynx, not only does not reduce the amount of nosebleeds, but also easily causes blood to enter the digestive tract to stimulate the stomach and produce vomiting. If vomiting or aspiration causes blood to enter the trachea, it can also cause choking coughing or even stifles, thus endangering life. Therefore, when the nosebleed is wrong, the head is backwards, and the head leaning forward is the correct posture to stop the nosebleed.
2. Pinch the nose wing. If you have a clean cotton ball next to you, you can stuff it into your nostrils or pinch the wings of your nose directly. It usually takes 5 to 15 minutes to stop bleeding through compression.
Warm tips: Toilet paper stuffing the nasal cavity is not right, oh, toilet paper not only does not promote the function of blood clotting, but also will further suck blood is not conducive to the formation of wounds on the surface of the wound.
3. Local cold compress. Place a cold towel or ice pack on the bleeding side of the neck and face to promote vasoconstriction and help stop the bleeding.
How to prevent nosebleeds in daily life?
1, the diet should be light, avoid spicy and greasy food, it is recommended to drink more water, eat more vegetables.
2. Avoid picking the nose, rubbing the nose, blowing the nose, etc.
3, autumn and winter air humidity is low, nasal cavity is easy to dry, you can use a humidifier in the room to improve the indoor air humidity, you can also use a brine spray pen or apply a small amount of vaseline in the nasal cavity to keep the nasal mucosa moist;
4, the last is that if there is a cold, rhinitis, sinusitis, etc. to be actively treated, the elderly actively monitor and control blood pressure, to prevent problems before they occur.
In short, most of the time, nosebleeds are not a big problem, not like the sad emotional knots in the TV series (nosebleeds are "terminal diseases"). Therefore, when encountering nosebleeds, do not panic, according to the above methods after treatment, if there is still active bleeding, you should go to the hospital in time for diagnosis and treatment, further look for the cause of bleeding, and then symptomatic treatment. All the medical staff of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Shanghai Tongren Hospital are still your loyal "nasal guards" this winter.
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Contributed by: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Zhang Yu
EDIT: Public Information Section