Shandong War of Resistance Against Qixia City

Countered cai jinkang's surrender faction

　　In January 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), after Jinan, Qingdao was also occupied by the Japanese invading forces, and government officials such as Zhu Jingwen, the governor of the Kuomintang County, absconded from their posts. On February 2, more than 3,000 people of the Fifth Brigade of the Japanese Army invaded Yantai through Qixia along the Yanqing Highway, handed over the sun flag to the traitor Lin Pengjiu, and ordered him to start organizing a "maintenance meeting". Since then, Qixia County has fallen into a state of chaos.

　　Xin Chengyi, the acting county magistrate, took the lead in organizing a guerrilla group, accepted the number of the fifth column of the Sixteenth Kuomintang guerrilla detachment, and led more than a thousand people. From April to June, the anti-Japanese guerrillas under the leadership of the Communist Party also organized, led by CCP members Cui Shujing, He Binghao, Sun Jiali, and others.

　　In September, XinBu fled to Zhaoyuan, and Cai Jinkang began his two-and-a-half-year actual rule over Qixia in the name of "commander-in-chief of the Ninth District Militia Regiment in Shandong", appointing Qiyanjiao as the governor of Qixia County, building a base in Asan, and degenerating from a land dispute to a complete surrender faction. In October, Cai Jinkang's ministry and the township school armed forces jointly attacked 17 villages, including Qingxianggu, burning 949 houses and killing 19 people. During this period, 200 backbone members of the Great Dao Society cooperated with the newly formed Fifth Detachment and the Sixth Detachment to guard the mountain pass one by one, and heroically resisted in places such as Shuangdaokou and Xikouzi in The Village of Qingxianggu, but due to improper tactics and backward weapons, the casualties were relatively large, and the fifth and sixth detachments had to withdraw to Fukuyama. It was a battle, and Sun Zhonggang, the backbone of the Great Dao Society, was heroically sacrificed.

　　In early 1939, the Eighth General Brigade and the Sixth Brigade of the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Armed Forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China were formed in the Aigu Mountains. In April, the "Ludong Anti-Japanese Coalition Army" was formed, including five detachments and Kuomintang guerrilla commanders such as Cai and Qin. The "Qixia County Youth Anti-Enemy And National Salvation League" under the leadership of the Communist Party of China also carried out public activities to promote the anti-Japanese resistance. The anti-Japanese united front in Qixia County was formed.

　　On May 12, under the cover of Japanese aircraft, the puppet army of Liu Guitang attacked Qixia City from Zhaoyuan, and Cai Bu fled without a fight. On the afternoon of the 16th, the five detachments were ordered to launch an attack on the enemy who was entrenched in the ancient town capital, and by 12 o'clock the next day, they would destroy one of them, and the remaining enemies would flee north. Liberated Qixia City. After that, the Eighth Route Army adopted the principle of armed struggle against Japan on an independent basis, and while continuing to expand the people's armed forces, it also began to establish an anti-Japanese democratic regime at the district and county levels.

　　In August 1939 (the 28th year of the Republic of China), Cai Bu betrayed his faith and blockaded and harassed the rear remaining places of the five detachments of the Eighth Route Army; On October 1, Cao Jukui, secretary general of the Youth Anti-Enemy Salvation League, was killed in Tingkou Village; On October 29, the ambushed transport team at Tsuk-tsuguchi Under the Tuwu Village, killing our battalion commander Hu Haifeng and 8 others. On December 6, the Japanese invading army invaded Qixia City for the second time, and Cai Jinkang once again fled without a fight, and secretly colluded with the Japanese puppet army to "sweep" the anti-Japanese base area in the western part of the county.

　　In 1940 (the 29th year of the Republic of China), the national anti-communist upsurge launched by the Kuomintang spread to Jiaodong, and Zhao Baoyuan formed an "anti-eighth" coalition army with Cai Jinkang and others. Zhao Baoyuan openly sent his main regiment to attack the rear of the Eighth Route Army, which was encircling and annihilating the Japanese army, with heavy artillery fire on the front line of Guanli, so that more than 40 Japanese Kou who were surrounded and annihilated took the opportunity to escape.

　　Faced with the retrograde march of the capitulators, the Eighth Route Army adopted a tit-for-tat strategy. In the spring of 1941 (the 30th year of the Republic of China), under the command of Xu Shiyou and Lin Hao, the Qinghe Independent Regiment, the Fifth Brigade, and the Five Detachments of the Shandong Column of the Eighth Route Army cooperated to carry out a five-month anti-surrender campaign. Its first battle at Asan began on March 15 and ended on March 18, annihilating 1,800 enemy troops. Asan once again returned to the embrace of the anti-Japanese soldiers and people and became an anti-Japanese base area with the same name as the Aigu Mountains.

　　(Qixia County Chronicle Compilation Committee, ed., Qixia County Chronicle, Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1990, 1st Edition, pp. 537-538)

　　Anti-"mopping-up" operations

　　On December 6, 1939, after the fall of the county seat, the Japanese army implemented the strategy of dividing the anti-Japanese base areas of the Eighth Route Army. In the five years from 1940 to 1944, in addition to continuously strengthening its strongholds and bunkers on the Yanqing Line, it was to attack the anti-Japanese base areas with frequent "sweeps".

　　In 1940, the Japanese army focused on "sweeping" the western part of the county; After 1941, the main targets were the Yashan Andua Mountains, and the scale of the "sweeping" became larger and larger, the means became more and more tragic, and the tactics included so-called long-distance raids, several combined attacks, combing grates, dragnets, and other tricks, and the implementation of the "three lights" (burning, killing, and robbing the light) policy, and the burning and killing were appalling.

　　On April 15, 1940, the Japanese puppet army raided Xiaokun, killing 7 people including Lin Xiuben, wounding 4 people including Lin Changmao, and burning more than 500 houses. On June 1, the Japanese puppet army raided Xingjiage and killed 20 militia instructors, including Zheng Songwen. In the middle of the month, more than 3,000 Japanese puppet troops stationed in The four counties of Huang county, Zhaoyuan, Penglai, and Qixia attacked the Leishan area in multiple ways, and the village of Houzhai was burned for six days and six nights, and by October 10 the village was burned again. On November 27, the Japanese puppet army invaded Lujiagou, killing 15 people and burning 347 houses. On September 13 and 18, 1941, the Japanese puppet army attacked Cao Gao's house twice; On December 31, Shi Jinzhang, a teacher in Shijiazhuang in the south of the city, and 5 other people were killed, and another 3 people escaped death.

　　In the spring of 1942, the Japanese puppet army dispatched more than 6,000 people to attack the Asan area, and in late March, 586 houses were burned in the village of DiaoYaqian; In the autumn, about 5,000 more people were gathered in the Japanese and puppet regions to carry out a "sweep" of the Asan area, and more than 290 people were arrested in various districts, 2,500 houses were burned, more than 300 large livestock were robbed, and more than 20,000 kilograms of grain were robbed.

　　In the winter of the same year, the Japanese puppet army once again gathered more than 30,000 people to carry out a "dragnet sweep," with the Asan area as the center, and deployed troops along the Yanqing Highway and the strongholds of Muping and Rushan to form an encirclement circle with a diameter of more than 100 miles. Since November 21, the enemy has been shouting and walking during the day, firing guns and setting fires, and there is a thick smoke everywhere; At night, the soldiers marched on the main road of the mountain pass and lit bonfires all over the place, and the flames soared into the sky. On the 23rd, the "net" was first collected at Mashishan in Muping, creating a tragic "Mashishan Massacre." On December 16, 3,000 Japanese puppet troops collected "nets" at the top of the old temple in the northern foothills of Asan Mountain, and according to the statistics of 5 villages near the old temple roof alone, 19 people were killed, of which 14 people were killed in a village in Shanxi, 32 people were arrested, and 14 people were raped. On the 16th, more than 15,000 Japanese puppet troops jointly attacked the Leishan area in the western part of the county, killing 225 people, injuring 79 people, taking 376 people away, and snatching 611 large livestock.

　　In 1943, the Japanese puppet army "swept" the western part of the county several times with small troops. In the winter of 1944, on the eve of their total defeat, more than 3,000 people were still cobbled together to carry out a final "sweep" of the Asan base area.

　　In response to the frenzied sweeping of the Japanese puppet army, the military and people in the anti-Japanese base areas united as one, struggled together, and carried out the anti-sweeping struggle with all their might by means of "empty houses and clearing the wilderness" and guerrilla warfare. Its tactics are: during the enemy's sweep, the main force of the Eighth Route Army will move at the right time to narrow the target, and try to confuse the enemy and wait for the opportunity to strike at the enemy; When the enemy strikes together, the inner line quickly jumps out of the encirclement circle, changing the internal line resistance to an external attack; When the enemy swept back and forth in a "comb-up" sweep, it carried out a jumping long-distance maneuver, causing the enemy to fall into the situation of throwing at the air and being beaten. Local forces and militias often take advantage of geographically familiar conditions to carry out sparrow warfare, mine warfare and disturbance warfare extensively, resulting in frequent raids and cold gun attacks wherever the Japanese and the Japanese go; After being stationed, the grain and grass were empty, and even the water source was difficult to find, and it was also necessary to guard against the attacks of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians. Therefore, it is said that "Asan and Aigu mountain are the ghost gates of the Japanese puppet army".

　　On June 15, 1940, the Leishan ambush operation, which was carried out by the main force of the five detachments and the county brigade, annihilated more than 70 enemy troops. In the Battle of Tangshan in 1943, 23 enemy soldiers were annihilated.

　　The battle to cover the transfer of the masses by means of obstruction: the Lingshan Blockade Battle of the Qixia County Brigade in 1941; In the spring of 1942, a certain hat and a family blockade battle, in the autumn of the same year, the second regiment was taught the blockade battle in The Village of Shangmenlou; In 1944, the Orhigami militia annihilated 8 enemy troops in a blockade battle.

　　An example of a mine warfare to slow down the enemy's movements and kill and wound the enemy: in 1942, the Second Regiment was taught that in The Mouth of the Dayang family, a mine killed 8 enemy commanders below the enemy commander; Hulongkou militia blew up 3 enemy cars; In 1944, the Hanqiao and Dajie militia each achieved the goal of annihilating 9 enemy soldiers in mine warfare.

　　The arduous and heroic struggle against the "sweeping" of the anti-Japanese army and people has completely smashed the enemy's vain ambition to gather and annihilate the anti-Japanese armed forces and conquer the people in the base areas by force, preserved the living forces of the revolution, and reduced the losses of the "sweeping" to a minimum.

　　(Qixia County Chronicle Compilation Committee, ed., Qixia County Chronicle, Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1990, 1st Edition, pp. 538-539)

　　Anti-blockade operations

　　From the end of 1939 to 1943, the Japanese puppet army successively built 18 strongholds and 44 bunkers in Qixiacheng, Zangjiazhuang, Songshan, Guzhendu, Yangji, Guanli, Zhaili, Twenty Mile Fort, Hedong, Kouzi, Dongnandian, Zhongqiao, Fengsu, Wolong, Dahebei, Jigezhuang, Sunjiapo, and Shewopo. With the bunker as the lock, we dug a blockade ditch along both sides of the highway that was 5 meters deep and 5 meters wide as a chain to divide and blockade our anti-Japanese base area and cut off the connection between the east and the west sea area.

　　In the autumn of 1941, the Kuomintang county security brigade and six district brigades were often active in the area south of the county seat, relying on various puppet army strongholds and colluding with the Japanese puppet army to attack the anti-Japanese base areas, which increased the arduousness and complexity of the anti-blockade struggle in this area. According to incomplete statistics, as many as 80 anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians were killed by the security brigade.

　　The anti-Japanese army and people waged a tit-for-tat anti-blockade struggle against the enemy's blockade means. Fill in the blockade ditches and cut off the lines of communication until the final victory. On the evening of October 14, 1940, the militia of the Fifth District cut down more than 70 telephone poles in the section from Songshan to Zangjiazhuang and collected 350 kilograms of wires. On July 7, 1941, the section of the road from Qixia to Zangjiazhuang was destroyed by anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians for 15 kilometers, collecting more than 1,000 pounds of power lines and destroying 2 bridges. On the evening of October 20, 1942, more than 6,700 anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in Qidong dug 19 kilometers of trenches in the Songshan and Zangjiazhuang sections of Yanqing Road, leveled 17.5 kilometers of blockade ditches, and destroyed 4 bridges. In the first half of 1943, more than 3,000 anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in Qixia County participated in the sabotage army organized by the Jiaodong Military Region and persisted in the struggle for half a year. A battalion of the Thirteenth Regiment of the Eighth Route Army and the Second Regiment of Instruction actively cooperated with the qixia people in their struggle against the blockade. In the month, completely destroy the snake nest pog large bunker.

　　(Qixia County Chronicle Compilation Committee, ed., Qixia County Chronicle, Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1990, 1st Edition, pp. 539-540)

　　Remove the enemy stronghold and restore the city of Xia

　　Beginning in May 1943, the enemy's blockade line began to collapse. The Eighth Route Army first uprooted the Snake Nest Po and Songshan Bunkers, after which the 18 enemy strongholds were either forced to retreat, conquered, or abandoned and surrendered. In 1943, 2 were retreated, and in September 1944, before and after the Autumn Offensive of the Eighth Route Army, 10 were retreated, 2 surrendered, and 2 were conquered.

　　In the autumn of 1944, the Jiaodong Military Region unified the autumn offensive against the Japanese puppet army. The first to fourth phases were carried out in the eastern, western and northern districts, and the main task of the fifth phase was to completely destroy the Japanese puppet army blockade line in the Fushan to Laiyang section of yanqing road. A battalion of the Fourteenth Regiment of the Eighth Route Army was deployed in the southern part of the city with the Xiqi County Brigade, the Beihai Independent Battalion was deployed in the northern part of the city, and the squadrons and militia of various districts cooperated in combat, and the southern and northern districts echoed each other.

　　South Road: Forced to retreat from Guanli on September 7; On the 11th, he conquered Fort Twenty Mile; On the 14th, the enemy of the Great River North fled; On the 17th, Yang Ji's enemies withdrew to Qixia City.

　　North Road: On September 6, the ancient town was forced to retreat to defend the enemy, and on the 7th, the Qidong Independent Battalion ambushed the enemy car team at Zhongqiao, capturing more than 70 enemy people; 11 Rik Chi Lane Mouth; On the 13th, Matsuyama defended the enemy and disarmed; On the 14th, the enemy of Zangjiazhuang surrendered, and the strongholds of Hedong, Fengsu, and Wolong retreated; On the 15th, the defenders of the village retreated.

　　On October 26, the enemy who was besieged at Qixia City was blocked by the Eighth Route Army at Gongshan, and was annihilated by more than 80 people and then retreated. In early November, Acting Puppet County Governor Yasukuni went out of the city to supervise the construction of the highway, and was ambushed and captured at Nanqilizhuang. On the 27th, the grain snatching team of more than 100 people was also annihilated by more than 20 people in Songjiagou. At this point, the Eighth Route Army compressed the encirclement circle and pushed straight down to the city. The enemy was terrified and panicked, and in the early morning of December 14, he fled far away. Qixia City, which had fallen for 5 years, was restored again.

　　(Qixia County Chronicle Compilation Committee, ed., Qixia County Chronicle, Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1990, 1st Edition, page 540)

　　The ancient town is fighting

　　The ancient town is located 2 kilometers north of the county seat, occupied by the puppet army Liu Heiqi (Guitang) troops, with more than 1,000 defenders, equipped with 6 artillery, 1 heavy machine gun and more than 10 light machine guns; In addition, 400 people were divided into Qixia City, and there were more than ten light machine guns.

　　On May 16, 1939, zhao Baoyuan, commanded by the "Ludong Anti-Japanese Coalition Army", ordered three regiments (more than 1,500 people) of the five detachments of the Eighth Route Army to attack Guzhendu, while Zhao Baoyuan, Cai Jinkang, Xu Shuming, and Qin Yutang's various departments totaled more than 4,000 people attacked Qixia City occupied by only 400 puppet troops from the south and east of the city.

　　At dawn on the 17th, the five detachments, with one battalion of troops, first launched an attack on the enemy's garrison key ancient town of Dudongnanshan stronghold, annihilated most of the defending enemy battalion before dawn, and quickly completed the encirclement of the ancient town capital.

　　Since Zhao Baoyuan was not really anti-Japanese, during the fierce battle, Xu, Cai, and Qin retreated first, in a vain attempt to use the power of the puppet army to put the five detachments in a disastrous defeat. However, the five detachments first took the commanding heights, cut off the connection between the county town and the enemy in the ancient town capital, and with courage and tenacity, they fought quickly and made a quick decision, overwhelming the enemy whose equipment was superior to their own. At 12 o'clock in the battle, Liu Guitang's troops fled north along Yanqing Road, and Qixia City was liberated.

　　(Qixia County Chronicle Compilation Committee, ed., Qixia County Chronicle, Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1990, 1st Edition, pp. 540-541)

　　Battle of Asan

　　The Battle of Asan was a crucial five-month anti-surrender campaign in Jiaodong. Before the fighting began in March 1941, Cai Jinkang's headquarters and guard battalion of more than 280 people were stationed in DiaoYahou Village. Its first regiment of 200 people was stationed in Tangjiabo; The third battalion of the third regiment stationed 300 people in Dayangjia and Quanshuiku; The first and second battalions of the fifth regiment stationed more than 400 people in Tingkou and Nakamura, and more than 200 people in the third battalion were stationed in the furnace house; More than 300 people from the first and second battalions of the sixth regiment were stationed in Xiazhangjia Village, and more than 100 people from the third battalion were stationed in Tangjiabo; More than 150 people of the armed engineering team were stationed in the area of Qingxianggu, SanjoJian, and Li Laopu; Its Ninth District Commissioner's Office and the county government are stationed in the area of Diao Yaqian and Eastern Songzhuang.

　　On the night of March 15, the 5th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army on the West Road attacked at the same time as the five detachments of the East Road and the Qinghe Independent Regiment. Led by Commander Xu Shiyou in person, the Western Route was divided into three routes from the base area on the border of Peng, Huang, and Qi to the ascent of Cai Jinkang in Asan.

　　On the 16th, the fourteen regiments on the right side of the road, through the steep cliffs, Tangshantou, and Daliujia, surrounded the village of Xiazhangjia; The Independent Regiment of the Fifth Brigade on the left road, through Fengsu and Zaolin, surrounded Tingkou; The Thirteenth Regiment of the Middle Road surrounded the village of Dayangjia via Xiamajia and Jinshan, took the lead in annihilating the defending enemy and continued to attack the enemy of Quanshui, and then engaged in a fierce battle with the reinforcement guard battalion led by Cai Jinkang himself.

　　Before dawn on the 17th, the independent regiment of the left road conquered the furnace house; After annihilating the enemy at Tang Jiapo, the Fourteenth Regiment on the Right Road swept the remnants of the enemy in a small part to the southeast, and advanced northward with most of it, successively defeating the Caibu Teaching Regiment, the Military Training Office, the Commissioner's Office, and the county government, and reaching the vicinity behind DiaoYa. At this point, the right road and the middle road converged, and more than 300 remnants of the enemy were chased to Tao Village in two tails, and the battle lasted for a day and night, compressing it in the southwest corner of Tao Village.

　　At dawn on the 18th, at the left side of The Kouting Pass, the enemy was annihilated, and most of them fled to Penglai. At 6 p.m., the wounded Cai Jinkang fled south with more than a hundred remnants, and the battle came to an end. After annihilating 1,800 enemy troops, the Asan area was liberated.

　　(Qixia County Chronicle Compilation Committee, ed., Qixia County Chronicle, Shandong People's Publishing House, October 1990, 1st Edition, page 541)

　　Remove the snake nest and the large bunker

　　In December 1942, the Japanese puppet army built a large bunker (5 floors and 13 meters) in Shewo Po Village, with a squad and a police station and a total of more than 120 people, with light machine guns l, 6 magazine guns, 1 grenade launcher, 39 rifles, known as "Jiaodong's first big bunker".

　　On May 23 of the following year, the third battalion of the Thirteenth Regiment of the Fifth Brigade of the Eighth Route Army removed him at the cost of only two wounded, and none of the defenders escaped the net.

　　Before the battle, the Qixia County Brigade was ambushed at Qilizhuang in the south of the city, and the plainclothes company of the Thirteenth Regiment was ambushed at Yanggu West Ridge, preparing to block qixia City and the enemy who might be reinforced by Sun Jiapo, Yang Ji, and Guanli strongholds; The Seventh and Ninth Companies are reserves and are located in the village of Shewo po.

　　At about 2:00 a.m., the eighth company in charge of the main attack entered the houses on the east and west sides of the north and south streets where the bunker was located, dug a firing hole and a passage through the wall, and after the command post issued the order to attack, it immediately fired a salvo of light and heavy machine guns, and the top armor of the blasting group rushed out of the houses on both sides, blowing up the western wall, the gate, and the northwest corner of the bunker with 3 packs of 60 kilograms of explosives each, and then Miao Luntang and ten other warriors rushed into the bottom of the bunker, cleverly ignited debris, and carried out a "fire attack" on the upper floor. Only 20 minutes from the beginning of the attack to the end of the battle, 44 defenders under the puppet squad leader Wei Dechang were killed, and the rest were captured alive.