The Surging News reporter Peng Yanqiu
China will expand soybean production in 2022, how to ensure that the soybean area will grow while the corn planting area will not decrease?
On January 20, Pan Wenbo, director of the Department of Crop Industry Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said at a press conference held by the State Council New Office that soybeans and corn are dryland crops, one is legumes, the other is a grass family, under the condition of abundant arable land resources, the interannual rotation of the two crops is conducive to planting land and raising land, and is conducive to high yield and stable yield, but in the case of limited cultivated land resources, the two crops have the contradiction of competing for land, which is a practical problem and a problem. In order to promote the compatible development, coordinated development, and even mutual development of corn and soybeans, so that fish and bear paws can be obtained, it is necessary to make a fuss about the increment, but also to find a way in the farming system and planting mode.
According to Pan Wenbo, since 2003, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has organized a pilot project of soybean and corn strip composite planting, through changing the planting of single crops to high and low crops with inter-crop, changing the planting of equal rows to large and small ridge planting, changing crop continuous planting to inter-annual rotation, integrating the traditional inter-cropping technology with mechanized and standardized planting, and can efficiently use light and temperature resources and give full play to the advantages of the side line. For example, two rows of corn between four rows of soybeans, ventilation and light transmission conditions are very good, corn basically does not reduce production, increase income for a season of soybeans. For example, in 2021, the belt composite planting in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, the average spring corn yield of one mu of land can reach 802 kg, and the spring soybean yield of the set can reach 91 kg; the belt composite planting in Gaocheng, Hebei Province, the average summer corn of 1 mu of land can reach 517 kg, and the summer soybean can reach 102 kg. The average yield of soybeans in the country is about 130 kg. So the corn did not decrease, and an extra crop of soybeans was harvested.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the national soybean and corn strip composite planting area has reached more than 7 million mu in 2021, and the model is now basically mature. In the next step, we will further improve and improve the appropriate varieties, suitable machinery, suitable herbicides and other links to maximize the potential of this model. This is the most important technical measure promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs this year in expanding the production of soybean oilseeds. Strive to add 15 million mu of new area this year.
Regarding this year's wheat production, Pan Wenbo said that the quality of wheat harvested last summer was generally good, and the quality of wheat was affected by various factors such as diseases and insect pests and weather conditions during the harvest. Last year, wheat stripe rust, red mildew prevention and control in a timely manner, good prevention and control effect, plus the middle and late weather is good for filling maturity, there is no "rotten rain", the overall quality of wheat is good. The proportion of first-class wheat in the main producing area of Anhui is more than 85%, and the market response can also be reflected, and the acquisition enthusiasm of processing enterprises is high and the purchase price is good. However, some areas along the river are the nests of wheat gibberellosis, that is, the perennial gibberellosis in these areas is relatively heavy, mainly affected by the local rainy and humid climate. Gibberellosis is severe, and vomitin may be more abundant. The area of panicle disease monitoring in this region last year was more than 30%, accounting for about 0.3% of the country's wheat area. This part of the wheat is basically a targeted purchase, mainly used for processing industrial alcohol, and has not entered the edible or feeding process.
Pan Wenbo pointed out that last year, there was a very serious autumn flood in the winter wheat area, and the wheat sowing period was generally delayed. According to the dispatch of agricultural conditions, although the sowing period of winter wheat is a little late, the area is basically implemented and basically remains stable. Grassroots comrades said that most of this year's wheat has been able to sow at full length, especially some dryland wheat that cannot be sown all year round has also been sown this year, and the seedlings are better, and the sowing of late wheat plots has increased the sowing volume. The temperature in November and December this year is generally high, so the pre-winter temperature is more, and the wheat grows better than expected before winter. At present, the main problem is that the proportion of late-sown wheat is relatively large, and the growth of seedlings before winter is indeed weak. According to expert analysis, the growth period of wheat is relatively long, there is a lot of room for maneuver, in the past there were also times when the sowing period was delayed, as long as the sowing was carried out before winter, the management measures after the opening of spring could keep up, and there was still hope for a bumper harvest.
Pan Wenbo said: It is necessary to firmly establish the idea of resisting disasters and striving for a bumper harvest; in accordance with the requirements of the central authorities, a work plan and technical plan for a bumper harvest of grain and wheat in the summer have been formulated; as soon as the spring begins, the agricultural and rural departments at all levels have thrown down and suppressed their strength, based themselves on the word "early," grasped the word "promotion," increased fattening and fertilization, promoted the transformation of the weak into a strong, prevented diseases and controlled grasses, and promoted the strengthening of the strong, and tried every means to seize this year's bumper harvest of grain and wheat in the summer, so as to win the initiative for the stable development of grain throughout the year.
Editor-in-Charge: Zheng Jingxin Photo Editor: Jiang Lidong