Cai Qingde/Wen
[ Abstract ] Starting from the evaluation of Zhang Rui's calligraphy and character since the Ming and Qing dynasties, this article discusses his calligraphy achievements and the name of "calligraphy tablets" and "castration party", and uses Ye Xianggao as a reference to review the unfair treatment that Zhang Ruitu suffered in his career and life encounters.
[ Keywords ] Zhang Ruitu; Calligraphy; Leaf to high; Life encounters
His Characters Are Strange in the World, and His People Are Ignored (1) - Zhang Rui's Book Method and Life Encounters Re-understanding and On Character and Books (2)
In the history of calligraphy, Zhang Ruitu (1570-1641) was a calligrapher who attracted much attention and controversy, and was famous for his calligraphy, because of the inscription of Wei Zhongxian's ancestral temple, which was listed in the reverse case and criticized by people, and the Qing Revision "History of Ming" recorded it in the "Biography of the Castration Party". For hundreds of years, there have been praises and demeans, mixed reputations, and many related studies in the academic circles, but the benevolent people see the benevolent, the wise see the wisdom, the author re-searches the literature, intends to evaluate the predecessors and their friendship with Ye Xianggao, and then discuss the relationship between their books and life, and discuss the relationship between the books of the people. ③
I. "The work of one art is not wasted by people"——The evaluation of Zhang Rui's book law and the re-examination of "character is the concept of book quality"
Zhang Ruitu, zi changgong, also word no painting, no. ershui, other name Guoting Shanren, mustard seed, BaiHao'an lord, BaiHao'an main Daoist, etc., Jinjiang Twenty-seven Capital Xiaxing Township people (now Qingyang Town Lianyu Down) people, Wanli thirty-five years (1607) jinshi, the third temple examination, tired officials to the cabinet university scholars. Regarding Zhang Rui's calligraphy and character, two hundred years after Zhang's death, the Minren Liang Zhangju (1775-1849) (4) wrote about his book "The End of the Golden Stone Calligraphy and Painting Collected by the Retreat", and his book is as follows:
Zhang Ershuirui books purely use the partial edge, the larger and more courageous, there is a push to the general of the first life, Yu has a lot of handwriting, because of the thinness of his people, they are given to people at any time do not cherish much, the first line of long books is still a round pen, Zhuo Haifan saw it in the same year and rewarded, so he gave it, and he also got the cross-beam joint post very Xiongjun, in order to give the disciple Zhan Bao's Broad Text, and remember that Fuzhou bought a volume at the end of the Shi Dao Neighbor Cabinet Department inscription Cross Cloud "Its word is strange in the world, its people are gusy", for a new pro-forced to go to this day to apologize, not for the Ershui is actually a Dao neighbor, There are also four large canvases, each of which is very powerful and beautiful, and all of them are scattered with friends, and it is said that the two water system Mercury lives in the world, and its words can be extinguished, so those who want to get it cannot bear to brush their intentions. Nowadays, whenever the people of the Ryukyu kingdom go to Fuzhou, they do not hesitate to buy their words at a heavy price, reward their books, and are accustomed to hearing about the fire. The whole volume of this book "Zhongyong" was recently donated by Xu Shuren Observation, and the Min objects should be returned to the Min people, and the yongquan in the book is also heavy, because of the record of the book. Mr. Qian Zhuting Yun, Jinjiang Zhang Ge's early calligraphy was on a par with Dong Sibai, Xing Ziyan, and Mi Youshi, and then he wrote the wei hunsheng ancestral stele to the throne of gongfu, which was listed in the reverse case, and the pen and ink were not cherished by the world, but the historians did not hear any accusations outside the stele, although it was more difficult to understand than the bandit's wounds, ran Ran Yu made a reverse name. Chunhua Thesis has the Book of The King's Zhonghuan Yuanzi, the Zeng's Fengshu Thesis also receives the Book of Cai Yuanchang Qinhui, the work of Gai Yiyi is not abolished by people, the Situation of Jinjiang Filthy Guard, not the traces of Cai Qin's dictatorship and misleading the country, the latter commentators should appreciate his divine horse, do not bow to Han Moye for his plain deeds, this theory is very fair, Mr. Zhu Ting's appreciation, and his comparison with the Ershui Book and the Mi Youshi has really won my heart. [1]
Qian Daxin (1728-1804) (5) believes that Zhang Ruitu's calligraphy in his early years was on a par with Xing Dong, Mi Wanzhong, and Dong Qichang, and later because Wei Zhongxian's calligraphy was destroyed by the official Zhi Gongfu, Wei Zhongxian's party was defeated and included in the reverse case, and calligraphy was not valued by the world, but the history books did not have more accusations of misconduct in addition to Zhang Rui's book stele, obviously, in Qian Daxin's view, Zhang Ruitu only had the destruction of his character because of the wei Zhongxian stele, so he deeply sympathized with and regretted his situation. Judging from Zhang Ruitu's surviving works, Liang believes that Zhang Rui's book method "purely uses a partial edge, the larger and stronger the boldness, and has been pushed to the first life." It can be said that the characteristics and charm of Zhang's calligraphy are in one sentence, and the theory of sincerity is highly evaluated. From an artistic point of view, whether It is Qian Daxin or Liang Zhangju, they obviously hold an affirmative and appreciative position on Zhang Rui's calligraphy, (1) From the other hand, as a traditional literati doctor, the persistence of ambition and discipline is the basis for the literati to settle down and establish their lives, and Liang Zhangju also regards it as important, so although he has a lot of handwriting from Zhang's family, he "because of his thinness, he is not very fond of people at any time." Liang Zhangju's attitude seems contradictory, not reasonable, in fact, reasonable, character determines books, has always been one of the important criteria for the literati to write and art, Liang Zhangju is also bound by this concept, (2) But Liang Zhangju is after all a scholar and collector who enjoyed a reputation during the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, his insight is superior, Liang Shi quoted Qian Zhuting's view as his own opinion, advocating that "the work of one art is not wasted by people", Zhang Ruitu Although the stele has a deficit in the matter, he is only dirty and holds the position, and cai (jing) Qin (侩) dictatorship is different from the country, thinking: "But the later commentators should reward his gods, and do not praise Han Moye for his plain deeds." He also believes that an objective view of Zhang Ruitu should be separated from his calligraphy and his plain temperament, and as far as Zhang Ruitu and his books are concerned, Liang Zhangju and Qian Zhuting's evaluation can be called fair, and indeed it is not a mixture of human books, and it can also be seen that Qian and Liang do not completely agree with the traditional concept of character, that is, books. Liang's text records that the Shi Kefa inscription Zhang Rui's booklet has a saying: "His words are strange in the world, and his people are ignored", Shi's words are also an objective posture, with its balance of Zhang Ruitu is quite appropriate, after hundreds of years today, if we evaluate and observe Zhang Ruitu and his books from the ontology of calligraphy art, Shi's words are still forward-looking.
In view of this, judging from the evaluations and conclusions of Shi Kefa, Qian Daxin, Liang Zhangju and others on Zhang Ruitu and his books, how to view the complex and deep relationship between character and books is a topic that cannot be ignored, Zhang Ruitu is undoubtedly a typical case of great anatomical value, and it is still of positive academic significance to re-examine and recognize the historical truth of Zhang Ruitu and his books.
Behind Zhang Ruitu, there are many evaluations about his books, and as far as calligraphy is concerned, in addition to the previous article, there are still many discussions, which are quoted as follows:
Mr. Article Rich rhymes, with immortals. It is in Linchi Dye Han, handsome and vigorous, wrist and arm have a god, in and out of Wei and Jin, informal, self-contained. [2]
When the scholar writes, when there are tens of thousands of books, there is no vulgar state, otherwise a letter is written. All those who are familiar with the practice and mastery, the heart and hand are corresponding, the creation of subtle and wonderful, beyond the shape of the pen and ink, the person who has obtained the fruit pavilion ink should be viewed as such. [3]
The calligraphy is strange and easy, outside the King of Chung, and the clouds of the upside down are still there. [4]
To the Tang Dynasty, the scholars judged the scholars by books, and the scholars' calligraphy and painting class had the habit of examination, and the ou, Yu, Yan, and Liu looked at each other before and after, so their next pen should be regulated into the distance, and there was no return to the Jin Dynasty and Wei Ethereal, and this ancient and modern scholar had also discussed it. Mr. Zhang Ershui is a book of his own family, specific Wei Jin, and ethereal. [5]
Mr. Ziyun used the line as a kai, and his Yu Zhong King was equivalent to the ancestor of the midnight half-passing on the clothes. [6]
With a positive edge like iron sodium, straight to penetrate the back of the paper, the true and the god of the willow. [7]
The Junshu Xiaokai is very good, and people do not know what to ask for. [8]
Mr. Zhang Changgong has a bold chest, laughing articles, calligraphy and paintings, and is known as the descendant of Su Changgong. [9]
At the same time, those who used the title of good books, Linyi Xingdong, Suncheon Mi Wanzhong, and Jinjiang Zhang Ruitu, then known as Xing, Zhang, Mi, Dong, also known as 'Nan Dong Bei Mi'. However, the three of them are far from catching their prosperity. ”[10]
The larger the Ershui Book, the more strange it is, the so-called King Zhong has carved out a strange path, and it is proved that this is not a false language, and the same person manages the book with one hand, so that mercury can avoid fire and evil in the hanging room hall, and if he writes an inscription, the country can be demoted to the people, and the length of an art is enough to become famous and enough to be discredited. [11]
His book changes from the erwang cursive style, the chopping side has no turn, all the circles are deleted, and it is known as ershui, but it is also seen from the structure, and the pen rule is not also there. [12]
Zhang Ruitu has to write the method, with great strength and strength, but he insists on horizontal support, less subtle and quiet meaning, and his quality is not expensive. Rui tu xingshu first learned Sun Guoting's "Book Spectrum", later learned Dongpo cursive "Drunken Pavilion", Ming Ji shuxue JingShang Roumei, Wang (Wang Duo), Zhang (Zhang Ruitu) two family force to correct habits, single standard qi bone, although not into the gods, it is immortal. ”[13]
Zhang Ershui's book is full of squares, there are twists and turns, and the ancient law is a change, but there is also a book. Sun Guoting cursive thousand-character text knot body square plaque, with the same intent and thickness, and the heirloom genealogy letter pen is not intended to be ear- Wang Juesi and Zhang Ershui characters must be passed on, so those who must pass it on actually have an old qi bone in their ears. [14]
Zhang Guoting and Wang Juesi were demoralized, and the writing actually had the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, so how could they be abolished by their own people. [15]
Zhang Ershui, disbanding the North Monument as a line and grass, knotting the body is not the Six Dynasties, and using the law of the pen to teach the Six Dynasties. [16]
As mentioned above, since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the evaluation of Zhang Rui's book method by various families can be roughly seen, and the analysis of the middle theory is also to the point, in general, first of all, it affirms that his books are in and out of Wei and Jin, and at the same time draws from the Six Dynasties Northern Tablets a majestic and thick brushwork, taking the law from the upper ground, intending to be high, and opening up another path outside the King of Zhong, and starting his own family; secondly, he believes that his chest is bold, and he has poetry books in his belly, so his books are flowing and exquisite, beyond the shape of pen and ink, the momentum is overwhelming, the bigger and more strange, the more vigorous and strong, and the late Ming King Duo li corrects the shortcomings of the times. Although it is bent on bracing, there is little subtle and quiet meaning, but it is unique and has the wind of everyone. Shi Zai, Shi Xianshuo Ru ru such as Dong Qichang also admired his Xiao Kai, and the Qing Revision "History of Ming" juxtaposed it with Xing Tong, Mi Wanzhong, Dong Qichang, and so on. There is no doubt that Zhang Rui's calligraphy style is distinct, it is not a group of corrections, its creativity and artistic value are far from the times, and it has won many praises, it is an indisputable fact, with Zhang Rui's books as a confirmation of the above-mentioned evaluations, allowing for justice, from the current literature and Zhang's books, Zhang Ruitu's calligraphy achievements and its position in the history of books obviously occupy an important place, can not be underestimated, as far as the art ontology is concerned, it is the same as the late Ming Dynasty Wang Duo, it should not be erased because of the loss of character and integrity and the achievement and influence of his calligraphy. Therefore, looking at Zhang Rui's book method from the perspective of character and book products, it is far-fetched to simply evaluate the quality of books based on the high character of people, and it is not enough to believe.
II. "If you want to add to the sin, there is no excuse for it" - the analysis of the stele incident and the name of the castration party
In Zhang Ruitu's lifetime, from the thirty-first year of the Wanli Calendar (1603) thirty-four years old examination, the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli calendar (1607) will be tested sixteen, the temple examination of the first three (Tanhua), shi jinshi, to the second year of Chongzhen (1629) ranked in the reverse case, cut the post for the people, Zhang Ruitu Kechang eunuch sea ups and downs for more than twenty years, successively served as Hanlin editor (1607-1620), Zuo Chunfang Zhongyun (1620), Right Yude (1621), Right Shuzi, in charge of the seal of the Zuo Chunfang Division (1622), Shao Zhan Shi of Zhan Shi Fu (1623), Libu Right Attendant and Attendant of Hanlin Academy (1625), Libu Shangshu and Dongge University Scholar, Prince Taibao and Wenyuange University Scholar (1626), Shaobao and Prince Taibao, Hubu Shangshu, Wuyingdian University Scholar (1627), during which Zhang Ruitu returned to his hometown several times, or recuperated from illness, or ran to mourn and keep filial piety, or took a vacation, and thus repeatedly avoided the disputes between the party factions of the imperial court, especially in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), when Wei Zhongxian suppressed the cruel political struggle of the Donglin Party. Zhang Ruitu was recuperating at home (1624-1626), and thus was not involved. In October of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), The newly reigned Emperor Sizong promoted Zhang Ruitu to zuozhu guo, the official Shangshu and the scholar of the Zhongji Temple, and in November, he promoted Zhang Ruitu again to the second assistant, chongzhen in February of the first year (1628) as the president of the examination, in March, Zhang Ruitu led the sick to return, and after repeated retention, Sizong finally granted and specially awarded generous gifts, and was promoted to Taibao.
It should be said that in more than twenty years of career, although Zhang Ruitu has experienced several dynasties (Wanli, Tianqi to Chongzhen), he has steadily promoted, of which the official position has been promoted the fastest during the Apocalypse, which coincided with the dictatorship of the Wei Party, covering the sky with one hand, "from humble and humble, guangwei to the country, and the government to the loyal sages." Later, the members of Huang Liji, Shi Fenglai, and Zhang Ruitu who entered the cabinet all took advantage of their appearance and were famous for their rebellion. [17] Obviously, Zhang Ruitu's official advancement was inseparable from Wei Zhongxian's special promotion and care. In June of the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Pan Ruzhen, the governor of Zhejiang, advocated the construction of the Wei Zhongxian Ancestral Hall, and Emperor Xizong gave the ancestral hall the name of "Pude" and Le Shi recorded merit. (1) Since then, the construction of ancestral halls in various places has arisen, and Zhang Ruitu, as a member of the Cabinet University, wrote a shrine inscription for it, whether it was voluntary or forced, which laid the groundwork for his later listing as a "reverse case". In the first year of Chongzhen's reign, after his resignation and return to his hometown, the liquidation of the eunuch party by the imperial court did not end, but intensified, according to Ji Liuqi's "Ming Ji Beiluo":
In December, the Fa Si posthumously discussed Wei Zhongxian and other sins, and ordered Zhongxian's corpse to be in the river. One day up to the stolen punishment warehouse, see the treasure of the rebel party, sigh: the world's fat ointment, stripped away by slaves. Ignoring the golden character He Ping, it was written by Zhang Ruitu himself, and he was furious, that is, he returned home. [18]
In December of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), when Emperor Sizong inspected the property of the Wei Party, he unexpectedly found that Zhang Ruitu was a golden character He Ping written by Wei Zhongxian He Shou, and Long Yan was furious, which was also one of the evidence and guidance for Zhang's conviction to rebel against the party.
In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), In February, Emperor Sizong summoned his courtiers and asked why Zhang Ruitu and Lai Zongdao were not seen in the reverse case, and the cabinet ministers resigned with no real form, Sizong said: "Ruitu Shanshu, loved by Zhongxian, the title of The Sect Dao Cui Chengxiu Father's Compassion, there is the language 'Spirit in Heaven', not real evil?" [19] Therefore, in the "Case of the King's Rebellion" in March of that year, Zhang Ruitu listed it as the crime of "befriending close servants and so on", and the crime was actually "the inscription of the ancestral temple, written by many people, has reached the heavens to hear, is it a rumor?" [20] He was sentenced to three years' imprisonment, after which he was redeemed for the people. [19]
Judging from the visible literature at present, Zhang Ruitu is listed in the crime of reversing the case in two main ways, one is the inscription of the Shusheng Ancestral Hall, and the other is the golden character Heping screen. In addition, the historical facts about his participation in the castration of the party and the disaster of the country and the people have not been disclosed; since the beginning of his career in the field of science and technology, in his career as an official for many years, Zhang Ruitu has returned to his hometown for various reasons, evaded the tedious affairs and various disputes in the official field, and the heart of retreat has sometimes occurred, and the struggle for power and the overthrow of the official field are not what he wants, and evasion is the best way, but the expectations of his colleagues and the high expectations and trust of his relatives and friends (Zhang Ruitu needs to receive the people from time to time, although the salary is thin, sometimes responds with books). The pressure of reality and life finally made Zhang Ruitu unable to retreat completely, and he had to continue to maneuver in the official arena. "Ruitu is a gentle person, a worker of calligraphy and painting, although he lives on the ground, he does not suck the slightest thing." [21] Zhang Ruitu had a soft and cowardly personality, had no quarrel with the world, and he still had no savings for many years as an official, and was obviously not a person who was good at power-seeking, perhaps this was what Wei Zhongxian valued, and at the same time as Zhang Ruitu entered the cabinet were Huang Liji, Shi Fenglai, li Guo, and (2) Huang was Wei Zhongxian's fellow countryman, "Shi Fenglai, a Pinghu man." Zhang Ruitu, a native of Jinjiang. All are thirty-five years old. Fenglai Hall examination second, Ruitu third, the same teaching editing, the same accumulation of officials Shao Zhan Shi and the ceremonial department waiter, the same as the ceremonial department Shangshu into the cabinet. Feng Lai has never been unruly, and is gentle and feminine in the world. [17] Shi Fenglai and Zhang Ruitu were both eye-catching, one was tanhua, and both had a weak personality, from image to inner quality, just right, in Wei Zhongxian's eyes, Zhang Ruitu should be an uncompromising chess piece and ornament, for Zhang Ruitu, for the official is forced by life, for the Zhongxian stele and the golden character Heping, but also for the needs of the security official, moreover, at that time, Wei Zhongxian's exclusive imperial court, Emperor Xizong also relied heavily, although Wei Set up the ancestral temple was unreasonable, but Emperor Xizong gave the plaque, in this case, Zhang Ruitu was ordered to write the inscription of the ancestral temple, It seems that it is only the act of following the emperor and the easy-going chief official, not to mention that Zhang Shi is a member of the cabinet at this time, Ruitu Shanshu, everyone knows, if the good book is not written, it is undoubtedly a collision with Wei Zhongxian, the light will lose the official, and the heavy will be in danger of life. Cowardly like Zhang Ruitu, he should not have such courage, so what Zhang Shi did was really nothing more than Mingzhe to protect himself, or there was a suspicion of flattery, but there was no deep meaning, and his book Golden Character He Ping should also be viewed as such. If Zhang Ruitu is classified into the camp of the castration party in this way, it is inevitable that he will be too reluctant, and the so-called "want to add to the crime, why there is no excuse", is a typical case of disaster caused by books.
Since the "History of Ming" and other relevant historical books have included him in the "reverse case", Zhang Ruitu's name of the castration party has been firmly covered like a tight curse. For its reversal, return its original, its reputation, is not too easy, this requires more historical truth to reveal and trace, as art history research, knowing people and discussing the world is a necessary entry procedure and lesson, and in the face of living works of art, simple political judgment is what we need to be vigilant and wary of, divided into two, in all fairness, not to lose reason and justice, of course, this requires courage and boldness.
THIRD, "Bear the burden of humiliation, and the circumstances are different." Zhang Ruitu and Ye Xianggao's friendship and their life experiences are very different
Zhang Ruitu became famous at the age of thirty-four, returned to his hometown at the age of fifty-nine, and abandoned his life at the age of seventy-two, and in his twenty-five years of eunuch career, from a person to a cabinet sub-assistant, a very popular minister, it can be said that his career was smooth, and he rose step by step, Zhang Ruitu was an official in a high position, and the gongshu was good at painting, and in the common theory, his travel rewards should be relatively extensive, but the fact seems unexpected. From Zhang Ruitu's "Inside and Outside the BaiHao'an" collection of essays and the poems related to them at the same time, we can extract that there are not too many poems about Zhang's interactions with the people of the time (1), especially the colleagues who had frequent contacts during Zhang's eunuch hai's career seem to rarely mention Zhang's people in the anthology.
Former Zaifu Futang Ye Xianggao (1559-1627) in Fujian Province, from the perspective of career and official rank, as Zhang Ruitu's predecessor, but as a fellow villager, Zhang Ruitu is not unfamiliar with him, the seventh year of the Apocalypse Ding Di (1627) Zhang Ruitu recorded the relationship with Ye Xianggao in the spring of the fourth year of Jiazi (1624):
Cao Mingshi showed Yu this book cloud "is a friend Chen Sun rope thing also. "Write about the dust outside the world with the dust pen, play for a few days, if you go through the cave house, listen to the turbulence, appreciate the stone, I don't know if it is in the dust of Chang'an, even faster!" Remembering the spring of Jiazi, Fu Tang Ye Shaoshi asked his master Yu Rope Zhou for the victory of Yu Kua's return to the second tour, and the jade rope cover Shaoshi Men Ren Yun, now Yu Also returned to the Biling Boat, and ji only had the urge to promote it, and got it from Cao Jun. Although the journey to the son of this book is not expected, and the prosperity of Zongsheng has already been feared as a victory, why should he reduce the blessing of Tang Xiangjunye! The younger brother pointed out the name of the Khan with the evil za, such as the Hinayana scholar Tang Tu, Deshan Linji had to receive a drink stick, and he had to attach it, and Bosun smiled. Apocalypse Ding Di LaYue, Guoting Mountain People Rui Tu Guan. [22]
According to Zhang Ruitu, Ye Xianggao once boasted to him about the success of his journey, from which we can know that Ye Xianggao and Zhang Ruitu were quite friendly and familiar, and this passage is found in Zhang Ruitu's inscription calligraphy, and his collection of essays is not reached. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the same window, the same door, the same hometown is often an important network of official networks, the connection between each other is relatively close, there is a Ming generation, the Min people entered the cabinet very few, the "History of Ming" recorded: "The Min people entered the cabinet, since Yang Rong, Chen Shan, the language is difficult to understand, no one for two hundred years, the court machine began to live with Ye Xianggao. Later Zhou Rupan, Zhang Ruitu, Lin Zhao, Jiang Dexuan, and Huang Jingfang followed the clouds. [23] Ye Xianggao was eleven years old, Ye Xianggao entered the cabinet in the thirty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1607), Zhishi in October of the forty-second year of the Wanli Calendar (1614), Ye Xianggao re-entered the cabinet in the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), served as the first assistant, and died in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), and died in the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627). Although Ye Xianggao and Zhang Ruitu did not have the intersection of cabinet appointments, but there was a succession of before and after, that is, soon after ye's cabinet was inaugurated, Zhang Ruitu joined the cabinet, and Ye Xianggao's second entry into the cabinet as the first assistant (1621-1624) was when Wei Zhongxian was in power to the imperial court, as the first assistant, Ye Xianggao treated the eunuchs of the Wei party who abused power and were aggressive, adopted a moderate and conciliatory attitude, and was different from the Donglin party members who resolutely resisted and confronted each other, trying to maintain the normal operation of the imperial power organs in the process of reconciliation and compromise, for this reason, Ye Xianggao and Wei Zhongxian did not have a bad relationship, and got along more friendly, when Wei Zhongxian rebuilt the Biyun Temple in Xishan, Ye Xianggao wrote a note and praised it, and at the same time had a dispute with Wei Zhongxian, Ye Xianggao said in the "Compilation":
"Whenever Yu Zaige advises with righteous words, loyalty and wisdom are many, and whoever preaches to the cabinet must not act, and Yu Zai argues or even whisks away, and the loyal and wise do not hate." [24]
Obviously, the relationship between Ye Xianggao and Wei Zhongxian is not yet incompatible, you are dead or alive, which may be where Ye Xianggao's wisdom as a politician lies. (2) We seem to think that the Ye clan is enduring humiliation and shouldering heavy burdens and seeking perfection, but Wei Zhongxian's monopoly of power is the same as Ye Xianggao's presidency of the cabinet, ye clan did not adopt an attitude of vigorous resistance, perhaps because of Ye's compromise and forbearance, the Wei party had no scruples and quickly monopolized power, And Sizong had this exclamation when dealing with the castration party: "Zhongxian is only one ear, and the foreign court ministers are attached, so as for this, how can its crime be victorious!" [25] If this is regarded, Ye's dereliction of duty can be described as not small. In contrast, Zhang Ruitu was selected into the cabinet under the situation of Wei Zhongxian's dictatorship after Ye Xianggao zhishi, and after entering the cabinet, Zhang Ruitu did not blindly attach himself to Zhongxian, but skillfully mediated many times to prevent the absurdity of the castration party from being staged. For example, in the winter of the sixth year of the Apocalypse, the town of Gan in the northwest was repeatedly awarded the Miracle Gong, and the eunuch Li Xizhe wanted to write the merits of zhongxian in the Taimiao Temple, and no one in the cabinet dared to take the word, but Zhang Ruitu said: "Si Gan is laboring, it is the Gong's Fa Liangwei, but the Xu camp has not reached the side gong, people say that the Gong is shorter than the use of martial arts, and gai needs to be tried and raised!" [26] The matter was dismissed. In April of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1626), Lu Wanling, the overseer of the Guozi Dynasty, asked Wei Zhongxian to build a shrine next to the Guozi Prison, with Kong Mengbi attaching Zhongxian's father and son, and Zhang Ruitu was also clever in his words, taking the question as a suggestion: "Wei Gong statue sits on the throne?" Liye? Standing statues do not collide, sitting is supremely fortunate to learn, descending on foot, passing in front of the temple, afraid that Wei Gong suddenly can't stand up. [27] In this way, Zhang Ruitu and Ye Xianggao can be said to have the same magic in handling affairs and governing the government. Ye Xianggaofu wrote that the present person collected his "Complete Works of Cangxia Grass" in 118 volumes, (3) including "Cangxia Grass", "Cangxia Continuing Grass", "Cangxia Yucao", "Cangxia Poetry Grass", "Houlun Zhi Zhi Zhi Mu", "Lun Xiang Cao", "Continuing Lun Xiang Cao", etc., almost covering Ye Xianggao's existing treatises, discussions, interpretations, commentaries, odes, notes, words, fu, preface, examination, biography, praise, inscription, songshu, sacrifice text, essays, essays, rulers, lines, poems and other works, which can be called Ye Xianggao's poetry collection, focusing on the major events of the dynasty in which he participated. Important news of the current situation, the experience and feelings of the officials, and the deeds of life, etc., but after examining Ye's "Cangxia Grass Collection" without mentioning Zhang Ruitu in a single word, reviewing Zhang Ruitu's anthology, Zhang Ruitu's collection of essays did not mention Ye's in "Bai Hao Ji" (4), taking the two people in the same dynasty as officials, the same As Min people and knowing each other, the poetry exchange was a tool for people to travel at the time, and the two did not see each other, it seems unreasonable, or is there another hidden feeling in this?
The "Collection of Pekoe Pines" was compiled by Zhang Ruitu two years before his death by his son Zhang Qianfu, and there was an introduction by Zhang Shi himself before the collection, so his poetry compilation should be approved by Zhang Himself. The whole collection is divided into three parts, and Zhang Shi claims that "Shu writes temperament as the inner part, the supply reward should be the outer part, and the love words are missing out of the genre and less as miscellaneous pieces.". In addition to the eighty-six celebrities of the chanting generation, the poems singing and Tao Yuanming and lyrics returning home to the nunnery and saying Buddha Zen account for the vast majority, Zhang Ruitu's inner world of yearning for pastoral life and escapism from reality is revealed, although the career is smooth, Zhang Ruitu sometimes has the heart to return to seclusion, and he has quite a feeling about his life experience:
The envoy has a good field and a wide house behind the mountain, a ditch and pond surrounds the bamboo and wood, and the fruit and vegetable trees live in front of the garden, and the boat and car can walk in the difficulty, so that the order can rest in the battle of the four bodies. Raising relatives has a tasteful meal, the wife has no bitter tiredness, the good time is auspicious and the day is to cook lambs and porpoises to serve it, the good friends are old wine and dishes to entertain, the hesitating garden game Pinglin, the clear water chases the cool wind, the fishing carp is high, the wind is under the dance, and the road returns to the high hall. The Sun and the Da's discourse on the Tao, the intricate characters of the pitching (亻羕), the elegant exercises of the Southern Smoke, the good sound of the Qing Shang, the mysterious void of the guest god boudoir Si Laoshi, the breathing refinement and the desire to the likeness of man, not from the preciousness of the time, the period of eternal protection of life, can Ling Xiaohan out of the universe, and the envy of the husband into the door of the emperor. Guoting Mountain Man Ruitu. [28]
From the essence of Zhang Ruitu's heart, Tao Yuanming's pastoral life is the state of life he dreams of, Lao Zhuang's way of leisure and inaction can make himself "not from the preciousness of the time, the period of eternal protection of life," "Ling Xiaohan out of the universe", if so, then how can he "envy the emperor's door"? There is no doubt that Zhang Ruitu did not agree with his career experience, people in the jianghu, involuntarily helpless, always haunted by the heart, during the eunuch tour, Zhang Ruitu returned to his home frequently, wanli thirty-eight years (1610), Zhang Ruitu once returned to his hometown on leave, stayed at home for two years, built a house on the shore of Quanzhou East Lake, as a place to travel with the county sergeant, Wanli forty-two years (1614), Taichang first year (1620), the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), In the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625) and the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Zhang Ruitu also had the experience of returning to his hometown of Jinjiang for a vacation, longer or shorter, but it was enough to see Zhang Ruitu's boredom and escape from the official career.
Although there are many differences between Zhang Ruitu and Ye Xianggao in terms of their life as a person or in their career ranks, in the political disputes over Wei Zhongxian and the castration party, they both have the heroism and political wisdom to endure humiliation and burden, but Ye Gong has a clean reputation, while Zhang Shi is despised by people, and Gai knows that he is different. Is it just "enough to be famous and enough to be famous"?
Fourth, the aftermath
As a controversial calligrapher in the history of calligraphy, Zhang Ruitu is proud of his artistic style of unpretentiousness, and his ability to deconstruct the traditional heroic courage of the Two Kings of Wei and Jin has so far flooded future generations, giving future generations of scholars many references and enlightenment, he created a new style of writing in an era, and also left a mystery and public case that is difficult to solve for posterity, and the decipherment of Zhang Ruitu's books may still require more historical material excavation, more scholars' examinations and arguments, and more baptism of time and years. Therefore, in the process of our continuous approach to historical truth, the evaluation of Zhang Ruitu's character and the neglect and misreading of his calligraphic achievements caused by it are still a topic that we cannot but face squarely, and following the existing historical assertions and Chen theories may bring more misreading.
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(Meng Yunfei transferred from Journal of Nanjing University of the Arts (Art and Design Edition), No. 6, 2015)