| First, up Fox fairy, also known as fox demon, fox spirit, about the Song and Yuan Dynasties commonly known as fox spirit. Legend has it that when Dayu was thirty years old, he met the daughter of the Tushan clan in Tushan, and the two fell in love and married each other. Gao Tao, the leader of the Tushan clan, was a strong supporter of Dayu Zhishui. In ancient myths and legends, the ancestor god of the Xia clan is Tu Shan, the worship totem of the Tu Shan clan is the nine-tailed fox, and the legend is that the wife of Dayu is the incarnation of the nine-tailed white fox, who gave birth to Qi and founded the first dynasty in China, Xia. The Classic of Mountains and Seas: "There is the kingdom of green hills, there are foxes, nine tails, and virtue to Nailai." ” "Zhou Yi Wei Ji": "Heng, the little fox is a ji, and his tail is not profitable." ” There are foxes in the Book of Poetry: "There are foxes and suisses, in Piqi Liang." ” "Li Ji Tan Bow On the Bow": "The fox died on the head of the hill, Ren ye." ” "Yin Wenzi" records the story of the fox fake tiger Wei, fox confused tiger, a piece of cake. The "History of Chen Shijia" records the story of Wu Guangxue fox ming, which shows the situation of the folk fox god worship in the Qin Dynasty. "Sheng" of Jiao's Yilin": "The old fox bends its tail, things are ghosts, sick my eldest daughter, crying and clumsy fingers." "The old fox is polymorphic, behaves strangely, frightens my master's mother, and finally has no guilt." ” "Explanation of the Text": "Foxes, dragons and beasts, and ghosts ride on them, there are three virtues, their color is neutral, small before and after, and after death." ” Regarding the image of the fox, at least before the Western Han Dynasty, there have been considerable legends and records in folklore. The legendary totem fox god, the real-life fox, the humanoid fox spirit, the fox world began to be enriched. By the Sixth Dynasty of Wei and Jin, the image of the fox began to change. In Gan Bao's "Search for God", there are many stories of old foxes and old foxes turning into human forms, foxes are foxes, foxes are foxes, and the word fox is not seen. Now it seems that foxes are canines, tanuki is cats, basically two different animals, the similarities between the two are both catching mice, ancient city fox society rats said, tanuki is bobcats, wild cats, and the relationship between mice needless to say. In Tao Yuanming's "Afterword to search for god", there are only a few fox spirit stories, but there are no fox spirit stories. Even Guo Pu believed that fox demons really existed, which showed that most of the literati at that time liked to talk about foxes. Tang Dynasty Zhang Vulture 'Chao Ye You Zai': 'Since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the people have been troubled by fox gods, and the sacrifices in the houses are begging for grace, and the food and drink are the same as the people, and the people are not the same master. At that time, there was a proverb: 'No fox charm, no village.' ’” Tang Dynasty Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks" is an important work of the Six Dynasties of the Shang Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the early Qing Dynasty, with 20 volumes and 10 sequels, and the classified catalogs are recorded, part of which belongs to the zhiwei legendary category, and the other part records the rare and exotic objects of various places and foreign places. There is an article about fox charm: "King Luo Bin made a contribution to Xu Jingye, and the extreme number is evil in heaven, then The heavens and 'Emei refuse to let people', 'Fox charming can confuse the Lord', smile only, to 'a piece of soil has not dried, six feet of loneliness is in place', displeased, 'How can the prime minister gain or lose such a person?'" The woman was charming and smiling. The Song Dynasty's Taiping Guangji quotes Guo Pu's Xuanzhong Ji: "The fox is fifty years old and can change into a woman." Centenarian for beauty, for witches, or for husbands and women. Can know thousands of miles of foreign affairs, good at deception, make people confused and demented. Chitose is connected with Tenchi and is a sky fox. "Taiping Guangji" is a large book, compiled by 12 authors on the orders of Emperor Taizong of Song, with a total of 500 volumes, and the story of fox spirits has 9 volumes, mostly Zhiwei novels, which can be said to be a general anthology of novels before the Song Dynasty. Hong Mai's "Essays on Rong Zhai" also speaks of the story of the fox spirit. Ming and early Qing Dynasty Zhi strange novels, fox spirits, fox fairy stories are spectacular, "Three Sui Ping Demon Biography", "Fengshen Yanyi" more than the fox affair, to the early Qing Dynasty Pu Songling's "Liaozhai Zhiyi", all-encompassing, lingering compassion, fox fairy story reached its peak. The fox god poured out, crossed the jungle, studied and cultivated, transformed into human form, and came to the human world. After "Liaozhai Zhiyi", Ji Yun's "Notes on Reading Wei Caotang" recorded more than 200 fox stories, and Mr. Lu Xun commented: "Therefore, all the ghosts and gods are measured, and the ghosts of the world are subtle, and the fox ghosts express their own opinions, think witty words, and understand the time." ” 2. Undertaking Pu Songling, zi liuxian, yizi jianchen, liuquan jushi, known as Mr. Liaozhai, self-proclaimed Yishi clan, Shandong Zichuan Pujiazhuang people, born in the thirteenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1640), died in the fifty-fourth year of the Qing Kangxi (1715), a life of enthusiasm for the imperial examination, but always unambitious, at the age of 71 to make an exception to make up for the Gongsheng. He devoted his life to the completion of the short story collection "Liaozhai Zhiyi", a total of 8 volumes, 491 articles of about 400,000 words, the story mostly uses folklore and wild history anecdotes, personified the ghosts of the fox and the things of the nether world, the plot is magical, the writing is concise and thorough, the structure is orderly, and he is known as the king of the world's short stories. In April 1672, Pu Songling visited Laoshan Mountain, lived in the Taiqing Palace, and later wrote famous articles such as "Laoshan Daoist Priest" and "Xiangyu". Pu Songling has a special love for fox immortals, why has not written about the fox immortals of Laoshan Mountain, this seems to be a mystery. At that time, Laoshan worshipped fox immortals, and there was a legendary figure Hu Yiyang, known as Hu Santaiye, also known as Fox Three Taiye, and Had a very mysterious relationship with Laoshan Fox Immortals. Hu Yiyang (胡峄阳), courtesy name Liangxiang (名良相), courtesy name Yiyang ( 峄阳 ), was born about the twelfth year of Ming Chongzhen (1639) and died in the fifty-seventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1718), not an official all his life, and taught as a disciple. Hu Yiyang had a different temperament, studied the Zhou Yi, and had a close relationship with the Laoshan Baifu Nunnery Jiang Qingshan Daochang. He is the author of "Yi Xiang Zhi Meng", "Yi Jing Zheng Shi", "Interpretation of the Finger of Meng Tu", "Liu Xi Fragments", "Cold Night Collection", etc., now only "Yi Xiang Zhi Meng" and "Liu Xi Broken Language", love landscapes, often travel to Laoshan Mountain, live in fox immortal caves, also Confucian Yixian, is for easy to learn everyone. Jiang Qingshan, the character Yunshi, also known as Jiang Di Nan, the number of Yanxia Sanren, Jiangnan people. It is said that he served as the county magistrate of Xiangfu County, Henan, but after the death of Ming, he did not want to continue to be an official, and went to live in seclusion in the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645) to the Hundred Buddha Nunnery. Jiang Qingshan cultivated his true nature, his friendship was high, his scholars and doctors were all elegant and important, and he was a close friend with the famous Confucian Hu Yiyang, and he was close friends with Sun Duxian, a famous Laiyang scholar who lived in Laoshan. Jiang Qingshan devoted his life to rebuilding the Baifu Temple, and after the death of the Ming Dynasty, yang Yanji, Lin Wanyu and four other palace women fled with Bian Yongqing to Laoshan Mountain, and with the help of Jiang Qingshan, they were able to go to the Baifu Nunnery to meditate and carefully study Daole. Jiang Qingshan loved books, and there were a large number of classic books in the Baifu Nunnery, which was then called "Jiang Di Nan Academy". It is said that Jiang Daochang and Pu Songling met, and whether Pu Songling knew a little about Hu Yiyang's legendary anecdotes is not known in detail. However, Zhi Yi li was famous for Confucianism, and he traveled to Laoshan Mountain and often lived in the Fox Immortal Cave, and he stayed for a few days and could not be solved. Legend has it that after Mr. Hu's death, there was a fox's grave next to the Silent Light Cave where Hu Yiyang lived. I think this must be a Laoshan fox, fox fairy, fox spirit, fox god, also unknown. But every year on the eighth day of the first lunar month, it is said that it is the birthday of the fox fairy, and the mountain people worship it for good fortune. Hu Yiyang studied Confucianism, Taoism, and Interpretation, and left behind many anecdotes. The Qing "Jiaozhou Chronicle" says: There is a drum in the South China Sea of Lingshan Mountain, and someone here meets an old man driving a boat, who is dressed in Taoist clothes, looks very ancient, and yun "That is, There is a Taoist Mr. Hu Yiyang in Jimo, who inquires for Wu Tong. After the person returned to Hu Mian Chen about this matter, Hu Furan said: "Xu Shuye during the Three Kingdoms period, lived in seclusion in the drum for a long time!" ” Qing Huang Zhao'e's "Laoshan Continuation" Yun: Qianlong Shu noon and winter, several fishermen on the sea, to Liuting to visit Hu Yingli. YingLi, Guang Yi Mingye (峄阳子), fisherman said: "When the sun goes down to the sea and encounters the wind, the raft goes with the waves, and the day and night do not know how many thousands of miles." Suddenly arriving at an island, the island is full of flowers, warm as spring; there are caves, no rooms, a stone flat like the abbot Yu, and the sun dan dates are full. The dates are as big as chicken eggs, and there are old people sitting next to them, which looks very ancient. And he did not answer; he told him hunger, and the man and a date, and the belly of the food was sure. It is said: "The southeast wind rises, but it can go quickly." Asking for his name, the old man said, "Is it the Zhiliu Pavilion?" "Know." The old man said, "My hometown is also." Returning to Hu Yingli, good for people, Ruo Weng is very happy in XianDao" The old man said that he was a Liuting person, and asked the fisherman to go back and tell his son, "Good people, Ruo Weng is very happy in XianDao." "The crowd returned home by the wind, and arrived home the next day, not feeling hungry. Three days later, I went to Liuting. Forty years after Mr. Shi's death, the crowd was horrified and went away in worship of the Lord. The so-called fairy wind. There are both fairy wind bones and caves, and no room, which is also strange. According to another legend, Hu Yiyang foresaw the flood many times, but did not say it clearly, and only observed it by careful people. There is a story in the "Search for God": "Dong Zhongshu lowered his curtain to recite, and there were guests who came to recite." Shu knows that it is very special. Ke Youyun: 'Want to rain. Shu Drama said: "The nest dwells know the wind, the burrow knows the rain, and the Qing is not a fox, but a mole." The guest turned into an old fox. "The ancients thought that foxes and foxes belonged to the same genus, and Hu Yiyang was familiar with rain, liked to live in caves, and had a deep understanding of the way of fox immortals. Third, turn Hu Yiyang has a famous saying that is still recited: "Great difficulties are not difficult, great difficulties are not difficult, difficulties are difficult, and there is no way to leave Laoshan Mountain." "Laoshan wind bone, the ground is connected to the sea and land, the main peak Laoding, also known as the giant peak, is the highest peak on China's 18,000-kilometer coastline, with a radius area of more than 400 square kilometers, peaks and valleys, exotic flowers and grasses, Tianchi ice mortar, high mountains and long waters. There are also ancient glacier ruins everywhere, granite rocks through the soil into the sea, majestic standing, access to the sea and land, it seems to have the magnetic force of mountains and mountains, mountains and sea wonders, gods and spirits. On the morning of August 7 this year, it is said that the ninth typhoon Meihua, which has not been encountered in 60 years, may have landed on the coast of Qingdao, and at more than 10 o'clock in the morning that day, I took me to climb the main peak of The Great Stream Peak at an altitude of more than 710 meters, only to see the wind calling, the dark clouds rolling, the thick fog rushing, the raindrops like pearls, and the plum blossom forwards were blocked in the line of Daliuding, Jishi Mountain, Huixian Mountain, and Tianchading, and then there was a mighty standoff. On the one hand, the jungle waves are moving all over the sky, but on the other hand, there is no wind and tide, only thick fog and drizzle, and at that time, it felt that the peaks of Laoshan Mountain did have magic. Moreover, several large Xiaoice and mortars at the top of the great stream were filled with clear water, and I don't know how those clear waters came from. I think that maybe this is the water potential within the Laoshan Mountain God. Later, the plum blossom typhoon suddenly weakened, and I did not know where to go. This is also a strange one. Two years ago, in the middle of the first month, the snow reflected the mountains and forests, I climbed with the bamboo pole team, and on the way to the Heaven and Earth Official Caishi, I led the team, and saw a section of animal hoof imprint in the snow, tens of meters away, I didn't know where to come, I didn't know where to go, and suddenly disappeared. Some mountain friends said that there may be a flying beast in Laoshan that accidentally leaves a section of footprints. Another mountain friend said that there may be a big beast that can jump, walk in the snow and jump away. I had doubts and couldn't figure it out, so I took only a few handwritten photos. After a picnic in front of the Tianguan Stone, the brigade and horses descended the mountain, and Shang Zhi and I bid farewell to the brigade, stepping through the snow through the forest, trying to explore the way in the direction of the Tianguan Stone. After a long time of going around, to an open-air cave, afraid of getting lost, leaving the word "cave sky" written. Go up again and go up to the wide side of the mountain beam. Shang Zhi exclaimed, as if someone had jumped from a pine tree and scraped off all the branches. I stepped forward to take a look and there was nothing. I laughed and said, maybe it's a big bobcat. At that time, I was also afraid in my heart, if it were not for this person, would it be something else? I said to Shangzhi, don't explore the way, today is strange, hurry down the mountain. I didn't want to walk and walked, and I didn't see Shangzhi. Shout. Shangzhi responded, I rushed to see Shangzhi, shouted, went wrong, and hurried down the mountain from this side. At that time, I felt as if he had been led in the opposite direction by the bobcat. At that time, I didn't think of fox immortals, and then I thought, maybe it might be the legendary Laoshan fox fairy. Listen to the laoshan mountain people said that some foxes in laoshan can really confuse people, they have fox fragrance in their mouths, and when they are single-person activities, they smell it as if they are sleepwalking, and when the bewildered person is sleepy, the fox will add to the cheek with its mouth and tongue and suck the enchanted saliva. On the way to being lost, if there is a fall in a deep valley, it will be miserable. Of course, such foxes do not take the form of a human, but only attract with smell, so it is safe for many people to walk together during the day. The other day on Saturday, the mountain climb, coincided with the first day of the Oktoberfest, we had lunch in the Butterfly Springs Valley, wine tasting, tea tasting. Listening to his teammate Luo Han's eldest brother said that in the winter of the previous year, he had done an annual card to go to the top alone. On that day, he was the only one who took the tour bus to Tiandi Chunhe and then went up the mountain alone. For a long time, an old man came after him. The old man said that he was 76 years old, riding a bicycle from Taitung to Tiandi Chunhe, and the old man said that he must go to Laoding to take a picture and go back to prove to the cubs that the old man was on the laohei. On that day, Luohan Big Brother did not bring food, thinking that the scenic spot had something for sale, and did not want to sell anything at all in the Laoding Scenic Area, only he and the old man before and after. He asked the old man if he had brought food. The old man took out four very small dough cakes from the nylon silk bag and said that he could only give him one to eat, because the old man still had to ride a bicycle back to Taitung from Tiandi Chunhe. Later, the old man and he returned alone after going to Lingqi Peak, he went to Danluo Peak and Cuckoo Slope alone, and then began to have leg pain, and when he returned to Tiandi Chunhe, it was dark, the tour bus was gone, he called on the annual card, and Yamashita sent a car to take him down the mountain. Then I guessed that the old man was indeed magical, human, immortal, illusory, and unknown. If you say Laoshan fox, once I came down from Laoding, in the afternoon through the old village of Brick Tower Ridge, I did see a white fox, but the white fox swung in front of my eyes, I wanted to take a picture with the camera, the white fox disappeared. Listen to the mountain people, the thousand years of fox black, ten thousand years of fox white. I think Laoshan is magical, thousands of years old, foxes and immortals, maybe a metaphor. If it is said that the Laoshan Fox Immortal may have already cultivated into a human being, or wandered in the city, or mixed with mountain friends. Fourth, together In ancient China, there was the worship of the moon god, the spring festival day, the autumn moon festival, the ancient people's worship of the moon, the earliest record is found in the "Shang Shu Yao Dian", "Taiping Guangji" has the story of the immortals worshiping the moon, the Yuan Dynasty dramatist Guan Hanqing wrote a script of "Baiyue Pavilion". Similarly, in ancient times, there was also a saying that the fox worshiped the moon, and the "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks" wrote: "The old saying: The wild fox is named A Zi, and the night tail fire comes out; for the monster, he will wear a calvary to worship the Big Dipper, and if the calvary does not fall, he will become a man." Feng Menglong borrowed the saying that the fox changed into a human being, and added the "moon worship" ceremony in the third episode of the "Biography of the Ping Demon", especially pointing out that the fox worshiping the moon was on the eighth day of the first month of September. "Liaozhai Zhiyi" records: "There is a fox under the moon, looking up at the sky, exhaling, a pill out of the mouth, straight into the middle of the moon, a inhalation, a fall, with the mouth to bear it, then exhale, so on." "It seems to be worshiping the moon, it seems to be cultivating, and the atmosphere of the novel is strong." Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Cone Compilation" wrote: There is a saying in the Tang Dynasty that there is no transmission in later generations, and Yu read Tang poems to get it. However, the fox fairy worships the moon, and most of them are not in the Mid-Autumn Festival. According to legend, Hu Yiyang's birthday is the eighth day of the first lunar month, the birthday of the fox immortal is the eighth day of the first month, and the Buddha's birthday is the eighth day of the first month of April, and Wang Luobin wrote a folk song "Half Moon Climbs Up". On the eighth day of the first lunar month, there was exactly half a moon, and it seemed that the worship of the fox immortals was on the night of the half moon. Fox immortals, between people and beasts, compared with humans, the same animal attributes, the same sublimation of feelings, a moon, you worship fifteen, I worship the first eight, the quarter moon is semi-round, the moon synodic, naturally. Some people say that Laoshan culture is also fox fairy culture, which feels like there is a certain truth. Fox fox also, human people also, immortal god ghost Dao, immortal god ghost Dao, the world is big and there is no wonder, Laoshan god show is not strange, the East Sea jungle, there is no return. However, the materialistic point of view has been firmly established, mysterious speculation or moving thoughts, because of poetry, because of literature, because of the fox fairy thousands of delicate, subtleties are difficult to say. If there are fox immortals, or if there is the illusion of the hidden thoughts of fox immortals, the times are changing and developing, industrial civilization to information network civilization, fox immortals can adapt without change. If there are fox immortals, of course, they must have entered the civilization of the information network. Legend has it that Hu Yiyang, more than three hundred years ago, saw the villagers light candles and give a speech, and in the future they will all be turned upside down, which is unbelievable, it may be true or it may be to say. Time is the most important clue for mankind, history is also, so is the present, the future is also, the future is coming, time is only, what is not. The ancients clouded, and all things had animism. Over millions of years, the spirit has changed and has not changed, and there has been no change. It is believed that species flow, or doped, as much as it is, obvious is obvious, hidden is hidden, and so on. The principle of reason is the principle of reason, and the mysterious concept is the mysterious concept. Hu Yiyang started with the great Confucianism of Science, and integrated into the legend of the Fox Immortals, the geography of mountains and rivers, the docking of sea and land, and also Confucianism and Immortality, also Explained and Dao, and sighed. Wild climbing Laoshan mountain for many years, encountering things is things, encountering hearts is heart, how to think that things have stopped and the heart is moving, the gap between things and hearts, how can it be unbearable. Mo Fei walked in the mountains and was contaminated with the strange fragrance left by the fox fairy, and Mo Fei stayed in the city well, and was seduced by the phantom fox fairy. Fortunately, this is just a legend, and the legend is followed by a poetic forgetting. The legendary Laoshan Fox Immortal is how, and the legendary Hu San Taiye is how. I think that Hu Santaiye may be a fox immortal, he is an outstanding Confucian among the fox immortals, he has a fox immortal with a red face, and the red face confidant comes with him and goes with him. Even, Hu Yiyang, like Dayu 4,000 years ago, was either explicit or implicit, and had been the door-to-door son-in-law of the Fox Immortal Family. Dayu Zhishui made history, his wife came from a tribe that worshipped fox immortals, and Dayu was Dayu. Hu Yiyang traveled to Laoshan Mountain, leaving behind a good story with the red-faced fox immortal, Hu Yiyang is Hu Yiyang. Pu Songling and Hu Yiyang are the two peaks of fox immortal culture. Pu Songling is in literature, brushing flowers, Hu Yiyang is in Yixue, practicing what he preaches, Pu Songling is in the wilderness of Qilu, and Hu Yiyang is at the top of Laoshan Mountain. Fox immortal culture is an important part of Chinese invisible culture and folk worship, the goodness and beauty of folk beliefs, and the basics of moral access. The immortals of the fox, the things of man, the mortals follow the waves, the laymen follow the stream, the spirits and gods are unprovoked, the immortals are all over the world, and the avenues are invisible and have the same destination. |
