Many people still deeply remember that on December 4, 2012, less than a month after the conclusion of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to deliberate and adopt the "Eight Provisions of the Eighteenth Political Bureau of the Cpc Central Committee on Improving Work Style and Maintaining Close Ties with the Masses", and made clear and specific requirements from eight aspects, such as improving investigation and research, streamlining meeting activities, standardizing foreign visit activities, and practicing diligence and thrift. Small incisions and big deeds have sounded the clarion call for comprehensively and strictly administering the party in the new era.
This year is the tenth year since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it has been a sword in ten years. The party Central Committee has incorporated the comprehensive and strict management of the party into the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, promoted the building of a sound party style and a clean administration and the anti-corruption struggle with unprecedented courage and determination, fundamentally reversed the lax and soft situation of managing the party and administering the party, and explored a successful path of relying on the party's self-revolution to jump out of the historical cycle rate.
On January 18, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Discipline Inspection Commission, stressing that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the comprehensive and strict management of the party has made historic and pioneering achievements, which have produced an all-round and deep-seated impact, and must be adhered to for a long time and constantly advanced.
The party Central Committee insists that to strike iron, it must be tough on its own, and it has incorporated the comprehensive and strict management of the party into the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, and formed a systematic and complete ideological system, institutional system, and work system for comprehensively and strictly administering the party
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of the weakening of party leadership in some fields, the lack of party building, the ineffective management of the party and the party, and the deviation from the party's original mission and purpose, the party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has incorporated the comprehensive and strict management of the party into the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, strengthened the top-level design from the overall situation of the party and the country, and runs through all aspects of the entire process of managing the party and the party and governing the country.
The core of comprehensively and strictly administering the party is to strengthen the party's leadership. It has issued opinions on strengthening the political construction of the Party, formulated and implemented a number of guidelines for political life within the Party under the new situation, strictly implemented the system of requesting instructions and reports from the Party Central Committee, and ensured that a series of important institutional arrangements are always in line with the table... It takes a clear-cut stand to uphold the party's leadership, safeguard the authority of the party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, and resolutely correct the erroneous tendency to weaken the party's leadership.
Grasp party building in the spirit of reform and innovation, and strengthen the political responsibility of managing the party and governing the party. From the "Regulations on Disciplinary Punishment of the Communist Party of China," the "Regulations on Intra-Party Supervision of the Communist Party of China," and the "Regulations on the Accountability of the Communist Party of China," which stipulate the main responsibility of party committees (party groups) in implementing the comprehensive and strict management of the party, to the requirements of "perfecting and implementing the responsibility system for comprehensively and strictly administering the party" put forward in the "Decision" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee, to the issuance of the "Regulations on the Responsibility of Party Committees (Party Groups) for Implementing comprehensive and Strict Management of the Party's Main Responsibilities," under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole Party has made joint efforts to consolidate the political responsibility of managing the Party and administering the Party. Ways and methods have been continuously innovated to institutional mechanisms, and the role of party organizations at all levels as fighting bastions has been brought into full play.
We should unswervingly and comprehensively and strictly administer the party, starting with the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and starting with the strict management of senior cadres, form a systematic and complete ideological system, institutional system, and work system for comprehensively and strictly administering the party, pay close attention to strict ideology, strict supervision, strict discipline enforcement, strict management of officials, strict work style, and strict anti-corruption, use the "key minority" to set an example to lead the "overwhelming majority," and use the fine party style and government style to lead the social style and the people's style to be good and upward.
Comprehensively and strictly administering the party will always be on the road and will never end. As a century-old party, our party must constantly promote the building of a sound party style and a clean and honest administration and the anti-corruption struggle. The picture shows a corner of the warning education base for comprehensively and strictly administering the party in Beijing. Photo by Hou Pengzhi
"Comprehensively and strictly administering the party is the key layout for the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core to plan the 'big chess game' of the cause of the party and the country." Dong Zhenhua, deputy director of the Philosophy Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), held that the party has solved its own problems in politics, ideology, organization, work style, and discipline in the course of scraping bones and curing poison, displayed the political nature of a Marxist political party in the course of agitation and purity, reshaped the political superiority of a Marxist political party in the course of revolutionizing the past and rejuvenating the country, radiated new powerful vitality, and provided a strong political guarantee for the development of the cause of the party and the state.
Through administering the party in an all-round and strict manner and severely punishing corruption, we have put a stop to some unhealthy tendencies and evil tendencies that have not been stopped for many years, resolved many stubborn and chronic diseases that have not been resolved for a long time, eliminated the serious hidden dangers existing within the party, the state, and the army, and fundamentally reversed the lax and soft situation of managing the party and administering the party
In ten years, eight regulations have changed China. Comprehensively and strictly administering the party, the century-old party is full of vitality.
Eight provisions change China. After the promulgation of the eight central regulations, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, concentrated on the special rectification of "crooked winds in the clubhouse", shut down high-end business places such as clubs opened in scenic areas, parks and other public places in accordance with laws and regulations, and effectively achieved "returning the lake to the people, returning the garden to the people, and returning the scenery to the people". The picture shows the "Happy Tea House" transformed by the high-end catering business place "West Lake Club", where many tourists and citizens drink tea, chat and enjoy the scenery. (File photo)
General Secretary Xi Jinping took the lead in setting an example and leading by example; the central leadership practiced what was practiced and at the rate of the above; all regions and departments combined with reality, implemented at all levels, corrected the style of discipline, and corrected the "four winds".
Stepping stones leave marks, and there are marks on the grasping iron. On March 19, 2013, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection publicly reported for the first time 6 typical problems of violating the spirit of the eight provisions of the Central Committee, naming names and surnames to report exposure; on September 3, the Central Discipline Inspection Commission and others issued a "mooncake ban", one node at a time; on April 8, 2014, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection opened a "four winds" supervision and reporting through train, smoothing the channels for mass supervision...
Deepen in persistence and develop in deepening. "Include violations of the spirit of the eight central regulations in the focus of disciplinary review" "The stricter the enforcement of discipline in the future, the heavier the punishment" ... On September 5, 2016, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection reported five cases of mental problems of central management cadres violating the eight central regulations found in the discipline inspection, correcting the "four winds" and making new moves.
Words follow the rules, do not give in. On December 28, 2021, the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announced the summary of the mental problems of the national investigation and handling of violations of the eight central regulations in November of that year, which was the 99th consecutive month that the Central Discipline Inspection Commission and the State Supervision Commission released monthly report data.
The positive wind and discipline do not stop, and the "fight against tigers and swatting flies" is by no means soft.
On December 6, 2012, Li Chuncheng, deputy secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, was announced to be under investigation, becoming the first "tiger" to fall after the 18th Party Congress.
On November 11, 2015, Lu Xiwen, deputy secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, was announced to be under investigation, and the "fighting tigers" in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities were fully covered, in less than three years.
On November 22, 2017, Lu Wei, former deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, was announced to be under review, and the "first tiger" was dismissed after the 19th National Congress.
Where there is corruption, there will be rebellion, and where there is greed, there will be purging. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, as of October 2021, discipline inspection and supervision organs across the country have filed 4.078 million cases and 4.379 million cases, of which 484 are cadres in charge of case filing and examination and investigation, and a total of 3.998 million people have been given party discipline and government affairs sanctions. With the fall of Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Guo Boxiong, Xu Caihou, Sun Zhengcai, Ling Jihua and others, people saw the determination of fierce medicine to eliminate the defects and re-regulate the chaos, and experienced the courage to scrape bones to cure poison and break the wrists of heroes.
Turning to the circular of the cadres in charge of the punishment, the Central Discipline Inspection Commission and the State Supervision Commission have always paid attention to discovering the conspicuous problems existing in practicing the "two safeguards" and implementing the party's line, principles, and policies, and have focused on eliminating hidden political dangers and safeguarding political security.
"Contrary to the new development concept, abusing their powers to introduce and support enterprises to engage in virtual currency 'mining' activities that do not meet the requirements of the national industrial policy, illegally borrowing debts for projects and engaging in construction, causing a bad impact." On November 13, 2021, Xiao Yi, a former member of the party group and vice chairman of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, was announced to be "double open", and the relevant statements in the circular aroused concern.
Virtual currency "mining" energy consumption and carbon emissions are large, the contribution to the economy is low, and its blind and disorderly development runs counter to the requirements of the Party Central Committee to implement the new development concept. The serious investigation and punishment of leading cadres supporting enterprises to engage in virtual currency "mining" activities is a concrete embodiment of discipline inspection and supervision organs strengthening political supervision and promoting the implementation of major decisions and deployments.
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has managed the Party with strict discipline, punished corruption with a zero-tolerance attitude, united the party and the people with excellent style, built a party and state supervision system, won an overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle and comprehensively consolidated it, and the party has become stronger in revolutionary forging.
Explore the successful path of relying on the party's self-revolution to jump out of the historical cycle rate
From its founding with just over 50 members, to the world's largest political party with more than 95 million party members and a long-term ruling power in a country of more than 1.4 billion people, how did the Chinese Communist Party jump out of the historical cycle of chaos and rise and fall?
In 1945, on the eve of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in the cave dwellings of Yan'an, in the face of Huang Yanpei's "question of the rate of historical cycles," Comrade Mao Zedong gave the first answer, that is, "Only by letting the people supervise the government, the government does not dare to slacken off."
At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping specifically mentioned the "cave pair": "After a hundred years of struggle, especially the new practice since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, our party has given a second answer, which is self-revolution. ”
At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Discipline Inspection Commission, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly summed up the successful practice of the party's self-revolution in the new era: "Over the past hundred years, outside the party, it has relied on developing people's democracy and accepting people's supervision, internally relying on comprehensively and strictly administering the party, promoting self-revolution, having the courage to adhere to the truth and correct mistakes, and the courage to turn the blade inward and scrape the bones to cure poison, ensuring the party's longevity and continuous development and growth. ”
Administering the party in an all-round and strict manner is the great practice of the party's self-revolution in the new era, and has opened up a new realm of self-revolution in the century-old party -
We must persist in taking the party's political construction as the guide and adhere to the fundamental political direction of self-revolution. Party building in the new era puts the party's political building in the first place, and the party Central Committee has unremittingly built the party and strengthened the party politically, strictly enforced political discipline and political rules, and strengthened political supervision, to serious political life within the party, to carry out in-depth political inspections, and then to investigate and handle cases, first of all, from political problems, constantly purifying the political ecology within the party, and purifying the purity of the party in resolving prominent contradictions and problems within the party.
We must persistently regard ideological construction as the party's basic construction and temper the sharp ideological weapon of self-revolution. Ideological construction is the party's basic construction. A very important reason why the Communist Party of China has been able to continue to grow and develop through hardships and hardships is that it has always attached importance to ideological party building and theoretical strengthening of the party. In accordance with the requirements of the new era and the actual situation within the party, the party Central Committee has successively carried out the party's mass line education practice activities, the "three strict and three realistic" special education, the "two studies and one doing" study education, the "do not forget the original intention, keep firmly in mind the mission" theme education, party history study education and other centralized education within the party, and the education within the party has been normalized and institutionalized.
We must resolutely implement the spirit of the eight provisions of the Central Committee, use strict discipline to rectify the work style, and enrich the effective channels of self-revolution. The party's work style is the image of the party. After the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the comprehensive and strict management of the party began with the formulation of rules by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, from the implementation of the spirit of the eight provisions of the Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping set an example by example, took the lead in setting an example, and the whole party followed the discipline and made achievements for a long time, reversing the inertia of the "four winds" formed over the years. After the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we unremittingly rectified the "four winds," resolutely prevented the breeding and spread of formalism and bureaucracy, carried out in-depth education on the party's fine traditions and work style, improved the long-term mechanism for the construction of work style, brought good traditions into a new journey, and carried forward good work styles in the new era.
We must persist in fighting corruption and punishing evil with the momentum of thunder, and fight a tough and protracted battle of self-revolution. Corruption is the biggest threat to the party's long-term ruling power, and fighting corruption is a major political struggle that cannot be lost and must not be lost. After the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee insisted that corruption must be opposed, corruption must be eliminated, there are no forbidden areas, full coverage, zero tolerance, and resolutely curb the momentum of the spread of corruption. After the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee continued to maintain a high-pressure posture of punishing corruption, not slackening, not stopping, and starting again. Through the unremitting efforts of the whole party, the anti-corruption struggle has won an overwhelming victory and consolidated it in an all-round way.
We must persist in enhancing the political functions and organizational cohesion of party organizations, and forge a contingent of cadres who dare to be good at struggle and dare to carry out self-revolution. The essence of administering the party in an all-round and strict manner is to ensure that all party members have firm convictions, solid initial intentions, upright work styles, sufficient motivation, and strong abilities through strict management and strict management, and ensure that party organizations at all levels become the core of leadership and a strong fighting fortress. Our party persists in comprehensively and strictly administering the party, starting with the party Central Committee and starting from senior cadres, and continuing to rectify weak and sluggish party organizations; we should improve the strict management system for managing ideology, work, work style, and discipline, promote the effective operation of the party's organizational system, and promote the excellent work of party members and cadres themselves. The party's vanguard role has been brought into full play and its political nature has been fully displayed.
We must persist in building a system of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation, and self-improvement, and provide institutional guarantees for promoting the great self-revolution. Advanced Marxist parties are not born, but are tempered in a constant self-revolution. Our party has eliminated its own tumor with self-purification, enhanced its overall image with self-improvement, cultivated creative vitality with self-innovation, and enhanced its ability to assume responsibility with self-improvement, formed a high degree of consciousness in leading the great social revolution with great self-revolution, formed a complete set of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation, and self-improvement system, and realized the overall improvement of the party's overall leadership and long-term ruling ability.
We have deeply promoted the innovation in practice, theory, and system of managing the party and governing the party, and opened up a new realm of understanding the regularity of managing the party and governing the party
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has deeply promoted the innovation in practice, theory and system of managing the Party and governing the Party, deeply answered the major issue of "what kind of Marxist political party to build for a long time and how to build a Marxist political party that has been in power for a long time", and opened up a new realm of understanding of the regularity of managing the party and governing the party.
Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. The party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for managing the party and administering the party, and we must uphold the party's overall leadership over all work, safeguard the authority of the party Central Committee, and exercise centralized and unified leadership. Our party regards the "two safeguards" as the party's highest political principle and fundamental political rule, strengthens the centralized and unified leadership of the party Central Committee, and adheres to the party's leadership over all work, and the institutional mechanism is more and more complete, ensuring that the party Central Committee's orders are like mountains, orders are prohibited, and one is fixed.
Persist in the party's management of the party and administer the party in an all-round and strict manner. To govern the country, we must first govern the party, and we must administer the party strictly. Administering the party in an all-round and strict manner is a distinctive feature of the party's governance of the country in the new era and a distinct theme of the party Central Committee's efforts to grasp party building since the Eighteenth National Congress of the PARTY. Practice has shown that only when the party manages the party can it manage the party well; only by administering the party strictly can it manage the party well. We must not slacken our efforts to manage the party and administer the party for a moment, and we must not relax our efforts to administer the party strictly for a single moment.
Persist in taking the party's political construction as the guide. The political building of the party is the fundamental building of the party and determines the direction and effect of party building. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has placed the party's political construction in a more prominent position, intensified its efforts, formed a clear political orientation, eliminated serious political hidden dangers within the party, and promoted the party's political construction to achieve major historical achievements. In order to maintain the advanced nature of Marxist political parties, it is necessary to take a clear-cut stand in stressing politics and earnestly strengthen the party's political building.
Adhere to the strict main tone unswervingly. The party Central Committee manages the party with the resolute determination of "offending thousands of people and not failing to live up to 1.4 billion yuan" and the mission of "it is advisable to chase the poor and the poor with courage" and "fight and put an end to hardships and dangers and set out again." From the building of work style is always on the road, to the building of a sound party style and a clean administration and the struggle against corruption, to the comprehensive and strict management of the party is always on the road, the main tone of strictness has always been consistent. Practice has proved that adhering to the main tone of strictness without wavering is a powerful pillar for realizing the normalization and long-term effectiveness of managing the party and governing the party.
Persist in carrying forward the spirit of nails and nails to strengthen the construction of work style. The party's work style has a bearing on the people's hearts and minds and on the life and death of the party, and we must enhance the consciousness of party members and cadres in adhering to the fine work style and resisting the bad work style. The party Central Committee regards the building of work style as an important entry point for comprehensively and strictly administering the party, starts with the spirit of the eight provisions of the central authorities, perseveres in rectifying the "four winds," and resolutely opposes the idea of privilege and the phenomenon of privilege. It is precisely through the continuous improvement of work style that the party has been able to resist the erosion of all decadent and decadent ideologies, overcome all difficulties and obstacles on the way forward, and move from victory to victory.
Persist in punishing corruption with a zero-tolerance attitude. Corruption is the greatest threat facing the party, and it is incompatible with the nature and purpose of the party, and we must always resolutely struggle against all negative and corrupt phenomena within the party. The anti-corruption struggle has gone from confrontation between the two armies to the formation of an overwhelming posture, to the achievement of an overwhelming victory and comprehensive consolidation, writing a glorious page in the history of the party, the history of new China, and the history of the Chinese nation. In the hundred years since the founding of the party, the party's pursuit of clean politics has never changed, and it has successfully explored a successful path of solving its own problems under the condition of long-term ruling and jumping out of the historical cycle rate of chaos and rise and fall, and realized a virtuous circle of self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation, and self-improvement.
Persist in correcting all corrupt and unhealthy tendencies that harm the interests of the masses. The people's stand is the fundamental stand of managing the party and administering the party. The party Central Committee has placed the rectification of corruption and unhealthy tendencies around the masses in a more prominent position, seriously and seriously treated all problems that the masses have strongly complained about, and resolutely corrected all acts that harm the interests of the masses, so that the masses can have a better sense of achievement, a more sustainable sense of happiness, and a more secure sense of security.
Insist on grasping the "key minority" above the rate. To build the party well in the spirit of self-revolution, we must grasp the "key minority." Only by grasping the "key minority" can we manage the "vast majority". Comprehensively and strictly administering the party, persisting in unifying the grasp of the "key minority" with the management of the "overwhelming majority," not only putting forward universal requirements for the broad masses of party members, but also setting higher and stricter standards for the "key minority," especially senior cadres, and carrying out stricter management and supervision. Combining the exemplary role of the "key minority" with the scale effect of the "overwhelming majority" will provide an inexhaustible driving force for comprehensively and strictly administering the party and advancing in depth and depth.
Persist in improving the party and state supervision system, and form a joint force of supervision with comprehensive coverage and normal long-term effect. Strengthening supervision is an important path and foundation for implementing the comprehensive and strict management of the party and realizing self-revolution. The Party Central Committee takes inner-party supervision as the lead, promotes the integration and coordination of all kinds of supervision, and the party and state supervision from theoretical breakthroughs to practical innovations, from key supervision to comprehensive coverage, from strengthening the single body to system integration, has built up the "four beams and eight pillars", the socialist supervision system with Chinese characteristics has gradually matured and stereotyped, and the joint force of supervision that is comprehensive and comprehensive and normal and long-term is taking shape, and the functions of discovering problems, correcting deviations, and promoting governance have been continuously enhanced.
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the comprehensive and strict management of the party has made historic and pioneering achievements, which have produced an all-round and deep-seated impact, and we must persist in and continuously advance for a long time
"Since the Eighteenth National Congress, what is your deepest impression of the comprehensive and strict management of the party?" At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, on the message board of the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the State Supervision Commission, netizens left messages on this issue: "All-round and multi-angle, managing the whole party and governing the whole party, covering all fields, departments, and levels, more than 95 million party members have no forbidden areas, no dead ends, and no gaps outside."
This is a vivid microcosm of our party's actual achievements in comprehensively and strictly administering the party and winning the confidence, trust, and trust of the masses of the people. According to a survey by the National Bureau of Statistics, 95.8% of the masses in 2020 are full of confidence in comprehensively and strictly administering the party and curbing corruption, an increase of 16.5 percentage points over the survey in 2012 before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
On January 8, 2022, at the beginning of the new year, the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the State Supervision Commission successively published the news that Zhang Yongze, vice chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region Government, and Wang Bin, secretary of the party committee and chairman of the board of directors of Chinese Life Insurance (Group) Company, were subject to review and investigation, once again releasing the signal of constantly promoting the construction of party style and clean government and the anti-corruption struggle.
At the opening ceremony of the seminar on the study and implementation of the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China by major leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: "At present, the anti-corruption struggle has won an overwhelming victory and has been comprehensively consolidated, but the comrades of the whole party must always maintain the spirit of self-revolution, enhance the political consciousness of comprehensively and strictly governing the party forever on the road, and must not breed the tiredness that has been strictly in place." ”
At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Discipline Inspection Commission, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly warned the whole party: "The contest between corruption and anti-corruption is still raging, and it has shown some new stage characteristics, it is still a long way to prevent all kinds of interest groups from forming a posture and 'hunting' and corrosion, it is still a long way to go to effectively deal with the invisible mutation of corruption methods, renovation and upgrading, it is still a long way to go, it is still a long way to completely eradicate the soil where corruption breeds, and to realize the cleansing of the Haiyan River, and there is still a long way to go to clean up systemic corruption and resolve hidden risks." ”
Over the past hundred years, the Party has handed over an excellent answer sheet to the people and to history. Now, the party has united and led the people to embark on a new road of catching up with the examination to achieve the goal of the second centenary struggle. To forge ahead in the new journey and build a new era of meritorious service, we must sum up and apply the party's historical experience in the past hundred years of struggle, persist in the centralized and unified leadership of the party Central Committee, persist in the party's management of the party and administer the party in an all-round and strict manner, persist in taking the party's political construction as the guide, persist in unswervingly adhering to the strict main tone, persist in carrying forward the spirit of nails and nails to strengthen the building of work style, persist in punishing corruption with a zero-tolerance attitude, persist in correcting all corrupt and unhealthy tendencies that harm the interests of the masses, persist in grasping the "key minority" above the rate, and persist in improving the supervision system of the party and the state. Lead the great social revolution with the great self-revolution, and unremittingly push forward the comprehensive and strict management of the party in depth.