The Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, knocked on the door for us to understand the history of the Shang Dynasty.
There is a tomb of women in the Yin Ruins Museum, which is one of the most complete preserved tomb groups so far. Moreover, the owner of the tomb can be described as a strange woman on the mainland three thousand years ago, who could ride a horse and carry a gun, compared with the controversy over whether Mulan was really surnamed Hua, the legend of the good woman is indeed based on evidence.
Rich drunkard, guardian of the world heritage, the yellow river, the shore of the huanshui, the drunkard wine invites you to appreciate the legend of Yin Shang 3,000 years ago.
The tomb of Nühao was discovered in 1976, and this matter was also included in the "National Archaeological Ten Greats" that year, which shows how far-reaching the discovery of the tomb of Nühao has for our understanding of Yin Shang culture.
At that time, more than 1,900 artifacts were excavated, which were funerary items for women, including bronze, stone, pottery, sea shells, and ivory products. The bronzes excavated from the tomb of the woman alone add up to more than 1.6 tons. Tombs as well-preserved and high in size as the Tomb of the Lady are indeed rare in the archaeological community.
At first, archaeologists did not know whose tomb this was, once thought it was the tomb of which emperor, until in the excavated bronzes, seeing the word "women are good", experts remembered that on the oracle bones previously unearthed, this name often appeared, which slowly deduced along this clue, and the life of this legendary woman was gradually clarified.
According to historical records, Nühao was the wife of Emperor Wuding of Shang Gaozong, hundreds of years earlier than the King of Shang, who was more familiar to everyone. And this Wu Ding has more than 60 wives, why did he build such a large mausoleum for the woman alone?
This has to start from the name of the woman, about the name "woman good", historians have always been controversial about it. Some people say that the word "woman" means that she is the spouse of the Shang King, and the word "good" is her name. This statement has been questioned by many people, some people say that according to the spelling of the text at that time, the word "good" should be taken apart, the word "female" next to the word indicates her gender, and the word "son" should be her name. Because during the Shang Dynasty, women's names would often add a "female" character to show the difference.
In addition, the woman has another name, "Xin".
This is because the Shang Dynasty advocated sacrifice, because in the early years, the Yellow River Basin was flooded and wild beasts were infested, and the Shang Dynasty came to Anyang after several turns, which was called Northern Mongolia at that time. Therefore, the people of the Shang Dynasty were particularly superstitious about the theory of ghosts and gods, and the people of the royal family would even divinate every day before going out to judge whether today's travel was auspicious or fierce.
The tool of divination is the oracle bone, that is, the turtle shell. The shell is roasted on a fire, and when the shell is roasted out of the cracks, the cracks are analyzed by the so-called officials in charge of divination, and it is clear whether it is auspicious or fierce.
To put it a little further, the reason why Nühao is also called "Xin", the great king of my Shang Dynasty, or after the death of the queen, the successor Shang king will give him a name in the way of the Ganzhi Era, which is called "Japanese name". The Shang kings would then sacrifice on fixed days, and only ancestors with the same japanese name would be sacrificed. Therefore, "Xin" is the japanese name of the woman.
Women are not only famous, but also have many identities.
First of all, she is the queen, a top-class woman more than three thousand years ago, and of course she can't help but dress up on weekdays. This can be seen in the women's good funeral products. The cultural relics produced in the tomb of women's good women, such as: copper mirrors, combs, ear scoops and other daily necessities, it seems that women love beauty is really regardless of the times.
Moreover, from the hundreds of pieces of oracle bones taken from the tomb of the woman, it can also be seen that Wu Ding's love for the woman is good.
As mentioned earlier, people in the Shang Dynasty liked to use oracle bones for divination, and Wu Ding often performed divination for women's good, and the content of divination was also various. For example, if a woman's good teeth have tooth decay; if a woman is going to give birth, will it be a boy or a girl; or will a woman be injured if she is going to go on a military expedition? And so on, it can be seen that Wu Ding's love for women is not only to love her beauty, but also to have outstanding ability.
If mulan's role is still controversial in history, it is believed that this role is made up. The woman's good dress is recorded in historical documents.
Among the cultural relics unearthed in the tomb of the woman, there is a bronze supported cymbal, which is a large axe. This weapon is not only lethal, but also represents power, and when such a weapon is unearthed, it is a pair. Therefore, some people speculate that this is probably the weapon used by women. Each of these two guns weighs 18 pounds, and if it is really a weapon used by women, the arm strength of women's good ones is really amazing.
In addition to this cymbal, archaeologists have also found a jade shuttle (she) in the tomb, which is equivalent to a wrench finger worn on the hand, which is used to assist in the use of the bow when shooting arrows. According to the measurements, the diameter of this wrench reached 2.4 cm. A woman can have such a finger circumference, presumably the woman is also a tall, powerful person. In today's parlance, a proper woman.
According to many historical records, during the Wuding period of the Shang Dynasty, Nühao was the most active military commander, who fought in the south and the north for many years, creating a relatively stable situation for the Yellow River Valley.
In addition to the queen and the general, she was also a collector, especially a collector of jade.
The number of jade artifacts excavated from the tomb of the woman is 755, accounting for nearly 40% of the total excavated cultural relics. One of them was a jade elephant with a smoother surface than the others, as if it had been held in one's hand, as if it had been plated. Perhaps, this is a piece of jade that women usually like to play with! Jade has also become extremely silky because it has been corroded for many years.
Moreover, the jade in the tomb of The Woman's Good Comes from the North of the Heavenly South Sea, and should have been brought back by hand during the conquest of the four places, and there are many styles of jade, similar to those found elsewhere, or even exactly the same, which can show that the Woman has the habit of collecting jade.
The most amazing thing is that after analysis and comparison, experts found that the jade in the tomb of The Lady Hao is very similar to the Hetian jade in Xinjiang, which can prove that during the Shang Dynasty, the people already had some exchanges with the West Asian region.
The legendary life of a woman ended at the age of 33.
In the Shang Dynasty, where the average life expectancy was 18 years, 33 years old was considered "advanced age". Wu Ding, who lost his beloved wife, must have been very sad, so he built the tomb between the women's tombs under the palace, rather than the tomb area of the king's mausoleum, probably because he wanted the woman to continue to accompany him in this way!
Later, in the oracle bones unearthed later, the text on it records that after the death of The Woman, Wu Ding also performed divination many times, wondering if the Woman was living well in another world.
It seems that this is really a love story that can be remembered by future generations.
The opening of the tomb of the woman is like opening the door of history sealed more than 3,000 years ago, and from these wordless artifacts in the tomb, we can see the world of three thousand years ago again.