At present, nearly 40 countries have their own national stones.
Sri Lanka: Opal is one of the ruby gemstones in mineralogy and belongs to the ruby family of minerals. It is one of the rarest and most precious of the emeralds, produced only in Sri Lanka worldwide, and the price is surprisingly expensive, the emerald is a beryllium aluminum oxide with the chemical formula BeAl2O4. It belongs to the orthophobic crystal system. Crystal morphology is often short columnar or plate-like. "Cat's Eye" is not the name of the gemstone, but an optical phenomenon presented on some gemstones called "Cat's Eye Flash" or "Cat's Eye Living Light". There are many kinds of gemstones that can have cat's eye sparkle, possibly as many as 30 kinds, and they are called "noble gemstones". Together with the Metamorphosis Stone, it is one of the world's top five precious high-grade gemstones. The best colors for opal are extremely strong pale yellowish green, brownish yellow, and honey yellow, followed by green, and again slightly dark brown.
The United Kingdom, South Africa, South-West Africa and the Netherlands: Diamond, the king of the hardest and most lustrous gemstones, has all been chosen as the national stone. It is a polished diamond, diamond is a natural mineral, is the rough of diamonds, diamonds are beautiful, rare, is a symbol of love and loyalty, representing eternal and unbreakable love. Diamonds are the hardest of natural minerals and are so brittle that they break apart when they are hit hard. The world's proven reserves of natural diamonds are approximately 2.5 billion carats. Diamonds, the hardest natural substances on Earth, are not as "enduring" as people think. Under strong light, the diamond also evaporates. Pure diamonds are colorless and transparent, taking on different colors due to the influx of trace elements. Red diamond is the most valuable, is currently known to be the hardest mineral, the absolute hardness is 1000 times that of quartz, 150 times that of corundum, afraid of heavy blows, after a heavy blow will be broken according to its solution, the top five countries in production are Australia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Dr. Kinshasa), Botswana, Russia, South Africa. The world's major diamond cutting centers are: Antwerp, Belgium, Tel Aviv, Israel, New York, USA, Mumbai, India, and Bangkok, Thailand.
Switzerland, Sweden, Japan and Uruguay: Beautiful crystals with high hardness were chosen as national stones. It is a rare mineral, a kind of gemstone, a quartz crystal, which belongs to the quartz family in mineralogy. The main chemical ingredient is silica, which is included in the category of colored gemstones alongside glacial chalcedony and tourmaline, and the yield is small. In ancient times, it was called "water jade" and "water essence". Mostly underground, caves, need to have a rich source of groundwater, crystal is often produced in the form of crystal clusters, crystal caves, of which crystal caves generally exist in the igneous and basalt of the huge thick lava flow layer formed by volcanic eruptions, and crystals are produced all over the world. Such as Madagascar, Zambia, Brazil, Germany, Russia, Myanmar, Afghanistan and so on. The world's largest and most flawless faceted amethyst, weighing 1030 carats, is made in Sri Lanka, with a dark purple and pink hue, and a saturated and intense color. This gemstone is by far the largest and most perfect faceted amethyst in the world.
New Zealand: Crystal clear, polished jade as the national stone. Jade has two kinds of soft and hard, usually said jade mostly refers to nephrite. It is one of the most common jewelry. China is the world's earliest and most widely mined and used of jade. The most famous jade in China is the Hetian jade in Xinjiang, which, along with the Dushan jade in Henan, the Xiuyan jade in Liaoning, and the Lantian jade in Shaanxi, is known as the four famous jades of China. Jade is one of the more noble of the ore. Contains a variety of trace elements, such as zinc, iron, copper, chromium, titanium, lithium, calcium, potassium, sodium and so on. Jade is the beauty of the stone, and the color positive moisturizer is purely superior. The world's largest jade was mined on the seabed near Gentret, California, in 1971, weighing 5 tons, and was named the "King of Jade". Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province, Mainland China, excavated a piece of extraordinarily large jade, with a volume of 106.8m3 and a weight of 267.76 tons, with a delicate texture and good transparency, is the world's real "King of Jade" Jade has five virtues: benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, courage and cleanliness.
Italy, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Morocco: Natural handicraft corals were chosen as national stones. It is an organic gemstone with a pleasant color and lustrous texture, growing in the deep sea 100 to 2000 meters away from humans. Red corals are composed of two parts: inorganic and organic matter. Listed alongside pearls and amber as the three major organic gemstones, it is also listed as one of the Seven Treasures in the Oriental Buddhist Scriptures, and has been regarded as a rich and auspicious thing since ancient times. It is one of the "March Birth Stones" in the West. Formed by the accumulation of corals, it grows very slowly and is non-renewable, while red corals only grow in a few straits and are limited by the sea, so red corals are extremely precious. Jewelry made of red coral is highly loved by collectors, and the value of fine red coral is very rapid and is valued by collectors. In ancient China, red coral was regarded as a thing of auspicious happiness, representing noble power, so it was also called "Ruibao", which was a symbol of happiness and eternity.
India, Arabia, the Philippines and France: Pearls of crystal color are the national stones. Another name for it is Margarite, which is derived from the ancient Persian Sanskrit word meaning "Child of the Sea". Pearls are ancient organic gemstones that were already available on Earth 200 million years ago, mainly in pearl shellfish and mother-of-pearl mollusks. Pearls are calcium carbonate mineral beads produced by shellfish endocrine action, which are formed by a large number of tiny aragonite crystals. There are many kinds, shapes and colors. Pearls are also divided into two types: freshwater pearls and saltwater pearls. The international gemological community also lists pearls as lucky stones for June birthdays and commemorative stones for the thirteenth and thirtieth wedding anniversaries. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use pearls, and the main breeding areas of freshwater pearls on the mainland are in Zhuji, Changde, Suzhou, Jiangxi, Hubei and Anhui. There are five kinds of pearls: white, red, yellow, dark and variegated, most of which are opaque.
Germany and Romania: Amber is the national stone. Amorphous, often produced as nodules, nodules, droplets, etc. Some are like the annual rings of trees, with a radial texture, which is a transparent biological fossil, which is the resin fossil of plants such as Conifer family, CloudAceae, Araucaria family, etc. The resin drips, buried in the ground for tens of millions of years, petrified under the action of pressure and heat, and some are surrounded by small insects such as bees, which are strange and abnormal. It is mainly distributed in the sediments of sandstone and coal seams in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. In ancient China, amber was believed to be the essence of the tiger after death into stone, and amber was mostly formed by the resin petrification of pine plants, so it was also called "pine resin fossil". Amber comes in a variety of shapes, with surfaces and interiors often retaining the lines that came with the original resin flow, and bubbles and ancient insect, animal or plant debris are often visible inside. Amber is one of the Seven Treasures of Buddhism, and it is recorded that "the emperor's beads are decorated with lapis lazuli for the Temple of Heaven, amber for the Temple of Earth, coral for the Temple of the Sun, and turquoise for the Temple of the Moon." ”
Egypt: Peridot. Natural gemstone, olivine because of its color is mostly olive green and named, its parent rock is the most important mantle rock-making mineral, crystals appear granular, the main components are iron, magnesium, silicon, while containing manganese, nickel, cobalt and other elements, gem grade olivine is mainly divided into thick yellow green olivine, golden green peridot, yellow green peridot, thick green peridot and sky gem, symbolizing peace, happiness, serenity and other good wishes, peridot has been found in outer space, China's Jilin Dunhua Yiqi Pine Forest, Brazil, Australia, Norway, The Red Sea Islands of Pakistan and Egypt are famous producers of high-quality peridot. Pure green is rare and of high value.
Spain: Emerald. Several of its variants vary in color, including light blue, dark green, golden yellow, pink, and many others. Honey yellow is more common. Emeralds are generally hexagonal cylindrical crystals, and the color presented is generally a variety of greens. Emeralds are mainly produced in pegmatite-type, gas-form hydrothermal, hydrothermal, and placer-type deposits. The world's emerald-producing countries include Madagascar, Brazil, Afghanistan, the United States and other countries. The most famous emerald is produced in Colombia, South America, and is found in the limestone foundation. Emeralds have been one of the precious gemstones since ancient times. Legend has it that 6,000 years ago, ancient Babylon was dedicated to the statue of the goddess.
Austria: White gemstones. It is by far the hardest oxide crystal in the world, with excellent thermal conductivity, insulation, chemical corrosion resistance, wear resistance and optical properties. Hardness: Mohs 9 grade; white gemstones are widely used in industry, medicine, optoelectronics, national defense, military, scientific research and other materials with high requirements and high fields.
Chile: Lapis lazuli. In ancient China, it was called XuanLin, Jin Jing, Jinyu, Qingdai, etc. Buddhism, known as Venuli or Biliuli, is one of the testimonies of ancient cultural exchanges between east and west. It was introduced to China from Afghanistan through the "Silk Road", the color is dark blue, purple blue, sky blue, green blue, etc., lapis lazuli and turquoise, zircon are the same as december birthstones. Lapis lazuli was loved by emperors because of its heavenly hue. The emperor brought him to decorate the Temple of Heaven with lapis lazuli, the Temple of Earth with topaz, the Temple of The Sun with coral, and the Temple of the Moon with white jade." The imperial dress of the Qing Dynasty Sipin officials was worn as lapis lazuli.
Madagascar: Malachite. The main ingredient is basic copper carbonate. Malachite is an alteration product of copper-containing carbon salts and is often used as a concomitant product of copper ore. In ancient China, malachite was called "green green", "stone green" or "green dragon". Malachite got its name because its color resembles the green spots on peacock feathers, and the world's most famous production areas are Zambia, Australia, Namibia, Russia, Zaire, the United States and other regions. It is mainly produced in Yangchun, Guangdong, Daye, Hubei and northwestErn Jiangxi. Malachite as ornamental stone, craft ornamental, requiring bright color, pure and uniform, clear ribbon stripe, dense and non-porous block, the larger the better. The word "malachite" has the meaning of "wife happiness".
Mexico: Obsidian - Black volcanic agate is the national stone. Natural glass formed after the sudden cooling of magma flowing from volcanic lava is an amorphous gemstone, a common black gemstone, also known as "dragon crystal" and "tokachi stone", which is a naturally formed silica, usually black. Most of the distribution is in areas where volcanic activity was once there, and most obsidian jewelry is now produced in Central and North America, and obsidian usually appears outside lava flows or at the foot of the volcano near the sea.
The mainland is often referred to as the "Land of Jade". However, there is no accurate statement so far, and it still needs to be recognized by the geological community and relevant people.