Time flies, and it's the end of the year again. Flag set up in the circle of friends on New Year's Day last year, look at it now, does your face hurt?
Anyway, I don't have the heart to work, it is better to hold the mouse now, look at the screen, the head is empty, and think about such a question as I think: the surname is "Yuan", why is the Lantern Festival the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, but the New Year's Day is the 1st day of the Gregorian calendar?
There's a lot of article in this!
The first of the sixty-four trigrams in the I Ching is called Qiangua (乾卦), Yuan Henryzhen (元 Henry Zhen). "Yuan" represents the beginning of a thing. Just like the "culprit" represents the first offender, and the "first year" represents the first year of the emperor's succession.
By analogy, "New Year's Day" should be the first day of the New Year.
If calculated according to the lunar calendar, in fact, New Year's Day is the Spring Festival!
Slowly, the workers stood up and were the first to disagree, if the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival were merged, wouldn't it make the holidays of the year that were not rich make it worse!
Don't worry, the calendar we have used in China is more than one lunar calendar, so New Year's Day is not only one day!
1. Ancient Six Calendars
According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor Calendar is the oldest calendar on the mainland. Later, the Yellow Emperor's grandson Huan Huan improved the Yellow Emperor Calendar to form the Yellow Emperor Calendar, and xia, Yin Shang, the Wednesday Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Lu Kingdom developed their own calendar based on the "Yellow Emperor Calendar" and developed their own calendar according to the characteristics and needs of the dynasty or their own country.
At this point, the six calendars of the Yellow Emperor, The Emperor, the Emperor, the Xia, the Yin, the Zhou, and the Lu became the earliest step-by-step calendar in China, the ancient quaternary calendar, also known as the "Ancient Six Calendars".
Schematic diagram of the Yellow Emperor
Although the calculation principle of these several calendars is to record the year according to the operation law of the sun and the moon to record the moon, it is not consistent with which day is the first month, that is, the first month.
The Shangshu Biography records the first month in several calendars as follows: "Xia is positive for Meng Chunyue, Yin is positive for the winter month of the season, and Zhou is positive for the mid-winter month." ”
There is a small knowledge involved here, similar to the brothers who have the order of "Uncle, Zhong, Uncle, and Season", and the month also has "Meng, Zhong, and Ji". Therefore, "Meng Chunyue" represents the "first month of spring", which refers to the first month of the lunar calendar.
That is to say, January 1 of the lunar calendar is the New Year's Day of the Xia Dynasty, December 1 of the lunar calendar is the New Year's Day of Yin Shang, and November 1 of the lunar calendar is the New Year's Day of the Zhou Dynasty!
2. The first calendar
Later, Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, and finally decided to adopt the "Zhao Calendar" as the orthodox calendar, and stipulated that the "MengDong Month" was the first month, that is, the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar was New Year's Day.
Quickly copy your homework, one more day of vacation!
This calendar continued until the early Han Dynasty. In 104 BC, Sima Qian, the author of the "Records of History", and others wrote to The Han Wudi Emperor Liu Che, advocating the initiation of a calendar reform project.
Sima Qian took the lead in giving the leader a "letter of intent for the project". In the letter of intent, the reasons for the revision of the legislation were explained: it was unreasonable to use the first day of October as the first month of The Lunar Calendar, and the calculated year and month were not exactly the same as the actual observed celestial phenomena.
For example, according to the calculation of the "Lunar Calendar", perhaps in a certain year's Mid-Autumn Festival, thousands of households are ready to look up to admire the moon, the bench is also placed, the moon cake fruit is also placed, look up, oh, the moon eclipse! This is the obvious "bad chronicle".
In each month of the lunar calendar, it should be the largest and roundest time of the moon. And small deviations in the calendar may cause a confusing scene of "Mid-Autumn Moon Eclipse"
In order to allow the leaders to pass this letter of intent more quickly, they also did not forget to adopt the strategy of "patting the horse's ass", saying: Lead you wise and divine martial arts, can be called the reincarnation of Yao Shun, and open a new era to conform to the heavens and the earth.
Emperor Wu of Han did not change his color and immediately agreed to start the project.
He summoned several important ministers of the DPRK, including Sima Qian and Gongsun Qing, to form a "Special Action Group for Changing the Calendar". The Action Group carried out extensive calculations, but failed due to tight time, heavy tasks and lack of information.
Therefore, the "Special Action Group for Changing the Calendar" once again played to Emperor Wu of Han and asked for more talents.
"It can't be calculated, but those who are willing to recruit and cure the calendar will create more density, and each will increase or decrease in order to create the Han "Taichu Calendar."" - Book of Han, Bangu
This time, the "Special Action Group for Changing the Calendar" expanded into a team of more than 20 people, gave 17 kinds (some say 18 kinds) of calendar schemes, and after many calculations, finally determined the "Taichu Calendar" that was actually implemented later.
It is rumored that the expansion and reorganization of this group has marginalized Sima Qian, one of the initiators of this project, so Sima Qian wrote very briefly about the process of changing the calendar in the "Records of History", which can not blame him, who is not angry...
The "Taichu Calendar" determined the same month as the Summer Calendar, that is, the current lunar calendar January 1 as New Year's Day, incorporating the concept of twenty-four solar terms and leap months, which played an important guiding role for agricultural production in later generations. Although it was actually used for less than two hundred years, basically all the calendars were later further optimized and gradually evolved into the modern lunar calendar based on it.
3. Gregorian calendar
In the first year of the Republic of China (that is, in 1912), the government of the Republic of China at that time decided to adopt the universal Gregorian calendar as the national calendar, changing January 1 of the Gregorian calendar to "New Year's Day", and changing the New Year's Day of the lunar calendar, that is, the first day of the first lunar month, to "Spring Festival".
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Gregorian calendar was also used as the official calendar, while respecting the festivals and customs of the lunar calendar. At present, four of the seven statutory holidays in the mainland are lunar festivals (Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival), and New Year's Day is counted as a Gregorian holiday.
But it doesn't matter, don't say that Xiaobian didn't remind you, quickly click on the "share, collect, like, watch" below, go and fight with your boss for the holiday in advance.
You must know that the New Year's Day holiday of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty, the capitalists are always deaf and dumb, and they have never let you go!