In 1644, the Manchu Qing invaded the Central Plains from Shanhaiguan and then began a unified war to destroy the Decay, when neither the Ming Dynasty border army nor the rebel army could block the elite attack of the Eight Banners.
The Qing Dynasty ruled China for more than two hundred years, and many people believe that the Qing Dynasty was too lucky, and in the minds of some people, it was an unacceptable thing for the Manchu Qing to enter the Central Plains as a backward nation.
It is true that the Manchu Qing culture and ideological openness did have many deficiencies, and the Qing Dynasty's imprisonment of ideas was very deep.
However, the Manchu Qing was able to defeat the Ming Dynasty not by luck, but because the Manchu Qing were stronger, and this strength was all-round, from the system to the spiritual comprehensive advanced, political, economic, military, diplomatic and other fields of all-round advancement.
Therefore, it is a historical necessity that the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty in ruling China because the emerging advanced forces defeated the decadent and backward forces.
It should be known that it has been thirty years since the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing from the Establishment of nurhaci to Dolgun, and during these thirty years there has been a protracted contest between the Ming Dynasty and the Eight Banner Army, and both sides have tried their best to defeat the other.
If the Qing Dynasty is to sneak up on the Ming Dynasty to seize the world, it may be a fluke, but after thirty years of war, the Qing Dynasty has become stronger and stronger, and the Ming Dynasty has become weaker and weaker, which can only show that the Ming Dynasty has no way to take the Qing Dynasty, and it cannot be fought at all.
There are internal political factors, economic factors, military factors and some external environmental factors, but in any case, internal factors, that is, political, economic, military, ideological and other factors, are the main reasons for the Qing Dynasty's victory over the Ming Dynasty.
China's dynasties were full of vitality at the beginning of their rise, and after a long period of war, the weak were eliminated and left with more shrewd and energetic people, and this group of people formed a ruling core, that is, the team in the early days of the founding of the country. This team has undergone long-term grassroots training and the test of chaotic war, pragmatic and efficient, without red tape and red tape.
After the war, people are determined that the state's decrees can be effectively implemented.
The fields are barren, there are few people and many people, and the self-cultivation farmers are everywhere, which is the most advanced productive force group in agricultural society.
The founding army has experienced hundreds of battles and has strong combat effectiveness, which is enough to defend the country.
This is why the early days of the dynasty flourished and flourished.
But after a long period of peace and security, the ruling clique first decayed and degenerated.
Immediately after the vested interests, the winners took all, occupying more and more social resources, that is, the bureaucratic landlords and princes and nobles of ancient times, but these people did not bear the state's servitude taxes.
The land of the peasants was annexed generations later, and their descendants became landlords, most of whom became tenant serfs and even displaced people.
The state administration began to decay, decrees could not be issued, imperial power could not effectively rule the people, and the bureaucrats and gentry of the "middlemen" were insatiably greedy.
The national army was in ruins, private soldiers were prevalent, and warlords gradually formed, these people fought outside the crotch, and the team was fierce.
This is what the end of the dynasty was like.
Later, as a fledgling regime, Jin had all the characteristics of a new dynasty at the beginning of his establishment. Nurhaci, Huang Taiji, and Dorgon were all shrewd and talented, and the systems they created, the battles they commanded, the gathering of talent, and the use of political and diplomatic skills were the keys to the prosperity of the dynasty.
The early Eight Flags system was simple and effective, and it was a copy of the Xianbei Sui and Tang Dynasty soldiers, which was much stronger than the private mercenary Ding in the last years of the Ming Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty was militaristic, without the cumbersome and ineffective administrative procedures of civilian officials, everything was pragmatic and proceeded from reality.
In contrast, in the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen was suspicious and suspicious, had no strategic vision, misused people, and had no responsibility.
The cabinet is full of dogs, and the literati and bureaucrats are honest in their mouths, but in fact they are thinking of their own land and property, and they form gangs and factions, attack each other, exclude dissidents, and restrain each other.
The Ming Dynasty had two capitals and thirteen provinces, countless fertile land, and hundreds of millions of people, but the country could not afford to raise soldiers and could not afford to fight, because the money was in the hands of the princes and nobles and landlords and gentry, but they were not pulling out a dime.
The vast number of people lost their land and became bankrupt and displaced, starving everywhere, which led to a large-scale peasant uprising.
The Ming Dynasty national army has long been rotten, only the mercenaries have become the private arms of the generals, these people are fighting outside the crotch, pit their own friendly army is very set, they only know that there is a master does not know that there is a country, once the situation is unfavorable, they will immediately turn against the traitors and surrender to the Qing army.
The comparison between the two will find that the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty is the general trend, even if there is no peasant rebel army, the Ming Dynasty is not capable of eliminating the Qing Dynasty, and it is only a matter of time before the Qing Dynasty enters the Central Plains.
Because the Ming Dynasty lost the possibility of its own reform after the failure of Zhang Juzheng's reform, what awaited this dynasty could only be replaced by a more advanced and dynamic dynasty.