Speaking of Cleopatra, it is estimated that most people have heard of it, among the many pharaohs in ancient Egypt, except for Tutankhamun, it is estimated that this female pharaoh is the most famous.
When we say Cleopatra, we usually refer to Cleopatra VII, the last female female of the Ptolemaic dynasty of ancient Egypt.
What made the female pharaoh famous was her relationship with Caesar, Anthony and others in the Roman Empire, which was played out a lot in the film, so that Cleopatra's reputation spread throughout the country.
Cleopatra VII was not an ancient Egyptian, but a descendant of Macedonia, and to speak of this, we must start from the establishment of the Ptolemaic dynasty in ancient Egypt, which is closely related to alexander the Great's crusade.
After the empire conquered Egypt, the famous Empire of Alexandria in history, spanning three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, Alexander handed Egypt over to his own general named Ptolemy.
Although the Pressure Mountain Empire is huge, it does not have a very stable framework system to maintain.
After the death of Alexander the Great, his heirs could not be maintained, so all sides set up their own portals, and Ptolemy, who was in charge of Egypt at the time, quickly established his own power in Egypt, and established himself as king in 305 BC, starting the Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty.
To put it bluntly, the founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty in ancient Egypt was not an ancient Egyptian, but a Greek.
Cleopatra VII, as we call Cleopatra, was naturally not an ancient Egyptian, but she was also from the Ptolemaic royal family, and she did not succeed to the throne as a princess.
From Cleopatra's name, it can be seen that she is the seventh, which means that she has six Cleopatra before her, which means that there are eerie brothers and sisters in ancient Egypt, and the tradition of intermarriage between brothers and sisters.
In ancient Egypt, in order to ensure the purity of the royal bloodline, the marriage between members of the royal family was practiced at that time, and it was the sister who married his brother or the older brother married his sister, which is why many pharaohs in ancient Egypt disappeared at a young age.
Although the Ptolemaic dynasty was founded by the Greeks, they did not follow the ancient Greek system, but instead used the relevant traditions of ancient Egypt on a large scale, including intermarriage within the royal family.
From Ptolemy I onwards, it became customary for pharaohs to rule together with the queen, and when Ptolemy II was married directly to his sister Arsinois II, it has been a tradition ever since.
Of course, sometimes the queen is not necessarily a member of the royal family, and occasionally there will be a foreign queen.
Cleopatra I, a princess of the Seleucid dynasty of Syria, married Ptolemy III and gave birth to Ptolemy VI and VIII, and her daughters Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI gave birth to Cleopatra III.
As for Cleopatra VII, her father was Ptolemy XII, who was overthrown by the people of ancient Egypt in 80 BC because he had no male heirs and no heir to the throne.
Thus, Ptolemy XII, the illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX, was proclaimed to succeed to the throne.
But Ptolemy XII was not a reliable one, he colluded with Rome to betray Egypt, so he was driven away, and his daughter Bereniki IV was adopted as queen, but Ptolemy XII joined forces with Rome to get rid of her daughter.
When Ptolemy XII died, he designated his eldest son, Ptolemy XIII, as his heir, and according to tradition, his daughter Cleopatra VII married her younger brother and became a co-ruler.
However, the siblings fell out of harmony over the kingship, but Cleopatra VII regained power in Egypt with the power of Caesar, while Ptolemy XIII fled due to a failed rebellion and died.
From then on, Cleopatra VII became the female pharaoh of Egypt, and with his other brother, Ptolemy XIV, became a co-ruler of Egypt, giving birth to a son with Caesar.
After Caesar conquered Egypt, he was conquered by Cleopatra VII, so Rome did not swallow Egypt.
With Caesar's assassination, Cleopatra VII had to return to Egypt and kill Ptolemy XIV and let her rule egypt with Ptolemy XV, who was born to Caesar, but this did not last long.
Because of Caesar's death, Rome was also divided between Octavian and Antony, and in order to protect himself, Cleopatra VII conquered Antony with his beauty and gave birth to three children.
At first, Antony was powerful, Cleopatra VII was very successful in stabilizing himself, and the two people married directly against tradition, and Egypt also obtained more land.
But this also caused Antony to lose prestige in Rome, hastening his later defeat in the struggle against Octavian.
Antony killed himself at the Battle of Yaksing, and Cleopatra VII knew what his fate was, so he bit himself with a poisonous snake when the Romans did not come, and the Ptolemaic dynasty ended and was incorporated into Rome.