In recent years, it can be described as a dream year, in less than two years, there have been too many jaw-dropping events in the United States on the other side of the ocean, perhaps these events have occurred often in the past, and under the Western-style filter, the ending that has always been rendered is very beautiful.
After the collapse of the tall human set in the United States, we have seen a different American landscape, the great American around the racial crisis, in the United States, racial oppression is systematic, not only for black races, this discrimination list also includes Asians, Hispanics, some Europeans, all over all aspects of American society. Why does the United States have racial oppression, but China, a big country of equal status, has no ethnic discrimination, and what kind of cultural genes are behind this?
01 New Roman Empire
On July 4, 1776, the United States of America was formally established, the War of Independence ended in 1783, the United States won the War of Independence, became an independent sovereign state, only 245 years ago, in the history of other great powers with a history of thousands of years seems so young, so there is no history to create the traditional skills of history began to show their might, no ancestor to find their own ancestors, the history of the ancestors is not their own history.
A masterpiece of Western forgery: the Pirdane ape skull, a forgery pieced together by medieval human skulls and orangutan teeth.
Opening the yellowed volumes of Western history, there are only a few empires that can leave a name in history and have a profound impact on the world. Charlemagne's empire, too little influence, too short time. Western Roman Empire, time is shorter! The Greek city-states, with enough influence, are too small. The Macedonian Empire is large enough, but it exists for a short time, which is not auspicious. Choosing and choosing, only the Roman Empire can get its hands on it, which is why in the Western countries to recognize the ancestors always trace back to the Roman Empire, such as the Frankish Kingdom, the Holy Roman Empire, the Habsburg Dynasty, the Napoleonic Dynasty, the German Empire, even if the two sides can not fight, the ancestors may have been mortal enemies, because the great empires in Western history are good, and only three or two can affect the world.
In the ideological struggle in the United States, the call for a new Roman Empire has intensified, and the Internet often sees such remarks as the United States equaling the Roman Empire in the 21st century. Perhaps in the eyes of Westerners, the Roman Empire is equal to hegemony and hegemony, and the United States, as the new hegemon after the end of the Cold War, then there seems to be nothing wrong with the United States equaling the Roman Empire. Regardless of the correctness of this analogy, some politicians are committing such remarks to cover up evil intentions, and behind them are the hegemonic ambitions that the United States is difficult to put down.
This kind of statement is easy to refute, but you can't always wake up a person who is pretending to be asleep, and that's not the focus of this article. Let's assume that this statement is correct, look for the commonalities between the Roman Empire and the American Empire, and heck, I really find the cultural roots of the racial discrimination that prevails in the United States or Western society.
02 Colonial rule
The Italian peninsula stepped into the Mediterranean Like a boot, with the back of its feet facing the civilized world in the East, and the Apennine Mountains descended along the west coast, shielding the intrusion from the east, where a great empire called Rome was born.
In 509 BC, the Roman Republic was established, followed by the conquest of Vière, the Battle of Samunay, the conquest of Greece and other major battles, standing on the Apennine Peninsula, entering a period of overseas expansion in 264 BC, and for more than 100 years, Rome attacked everywhere and conquered the entire Italian peninsula, and the people under its rule grew sharply from 40,000 people during the founding of the Roman Republic to hundreds of thousands or even millions.
At the peak of the Roman Empire, the imperial territory was about 5 million square kilometers, the entire Mediterranean Sea became its inland sea, to the east and the Tia Empire for a long time, to the west to suppress the barbarians in Western Europe and Northern Europe, the total population in the ruling territory was about 50 million (Note: the Roman Empire household registration only counted Roman citizens, which is one of the more credible estimates of scholars), in today's world, the Roman Empire covers at least 39 countries today, Germany, France, Italy, Egypt, Britain, Greece, Spain, Portugal Syria and so on, from Britain in the west, to the upper reaches of the Euphrates River in the east, to northern Africa in the south, and to the Rhine and Danube rivers in the north, which were once strong and became a height that was no longer possible in the Western world in later generations.
With such a large territory, with so many people living and groups belonging to various ethnic groups, how can an effective rule be established? This was a top priority for the ruling class of the Roman Empire.
Rome's successive victories in foreign wars brought a large amount of land, and in order to meet the needs of citizens for arable land, but also to control the people in the conquered areas, Rome pursued a policy of divide and rule.
Rome began to set up two kinds of colonies on the Italian peninsula, the first called the citizen colony, the population was not more than a few hundred, mostly located in the traffic fortress, as a military fortress on the edge of the border, became a barrier to defend the empire. The second was the scattered Latin colonies, each of which gave up their Roman citizenship in exchange for cultivated land, and governed themselves in the colonial area, semi-independent in politics and economy, and was both dependent on and distinct from Rome.
This layout is somewhat similar to the situation in the early Western Zhou Dynasty in which the princes were divided into wei Zhou rooms, and the same Roman colonial rule and the Western Zhou sub-feudal system both achieved rapid expansion of national territory for their respective empires, and the Latin colonies in the Roman Republic such as the chains in the hands of Rome were tightly bound to the Italian peninsula, and the original indigenous people on the peninsula were dissipated in the long river of history.
When the Roman Republic was upgraded to the Roman Empire, although Rome was forced to grant many city-state residents the status of Roman citizens, this colonial system was not destroyed, and Italy became the homeland of the Roman Empire, but still carried out the policy of colonization and rule overseas.
On the road of conquest of the Roman Empire, the polity was widely adopted and the original system was destroyed, and the Roman polity intervened strongly. The various subordinates have a certain degree of autonomy in internal affairs, but the orders from Rome can interfere at will, and the subordinates do not have separate diplomatic powers, and must obey the military actions from Rome and obey the orders of Rome.
Free but not autonomous, powerful but powerless, the Roman Empire carried out a certain degree of integration of the peoples within the territory, but opened up a high degree of independence, and finally one day when the Roman military could not be suppressed, it was forced to introduce religion for integration, but in the end it could not change this decline.
The Roman Empire put many peoples in the melting pot, but in the end did not really form a unified assimilation and integration, so that once the Roman Empire collapsed, the entire system fought for itself, and the contradictions between the nations rebounded after strong pressure, and eventually turned into a feud.
Some of the above information and data are quoted from Ms. Ouyang Yingzhi's book "The Empire of Dragons and Eagles", bowing and thanking.
03 Qi Min
In fact, if you think about it carefully, the situation in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the situation in the Roman Republic period also seems to have many similarities, such as the military aristocratic identity system, military conquest and political combination, citizens and indigenous people living together (Note: China calls it the countrymen and savages), the crisis of foreign invasion, the state vassals under the feudal system, etc. Finally when the country turns around and enters the imperial period, the two go their separate ways, the national territory grows exponentially, and the people who rule are also more, but the Roman Empire seems to be the same Rome. The Chinese Dynasty represented by the Qin and Han Empires was reborn and renewed.
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, there were many countries in the ruling territory, culture was broken, and ethnic conflicts were constant. After the fall of the Qin Empire, the new Han Empire picked up the ashes of Qin Jian on the ruins of the Qin Dynasty, carefully wiped it clean, and renamed it Han Law, Han Chengqin System, the Han Empire not only inherited the territory and people of Qin, but also her ideological culture, legal system, and administrative system, and it is not too much to say that it is DNA replication. Even after the collapse of the Han Empire, the land of China did not lose this DNA replication function, and unification has always been the people's desire.
Although the influence of culture is strong and long, but the fermentation period is very long, when we trace back to the roots, from the source to investigate, really let this great unification culture take root in the land of China, through the most difficult childhood, the formation of the whole society the sense of identity of the political origin, but is the policy of the people.
Today's Chinese life of 1.41 billion people of the huge population, of which the Han ethnic group as the main ethnic group accounts for 91.11% of the absolute majority, it seems that China's ethnic composition is relatively pure, but a detailed comparison, even within the Han nationality, different regions have huge differences, eating habits, folk customs, local dialects, and even looks have very obvious differences. But this is a nation called Han! Han nationality is the han empire after the collapse of the formation of the concept of ethnic groups, before the Chinese people called themselves the Chinese, Xia, or the fusion of the two Huaxia, behind this title itself is a process of great ethnic integration, in the long history, the Han people have integrated too many and complex ethnic groups, tribes, and finally formed a huge giant nation with a unified regime.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the land of China was inhabited by Huayi, with the Zhou royal family and its vassal states calling themselves Huaxia, these princely states built cities to defend their own safety, and above the wilderness outside the city-states were countless "savages", Rong Di barbarians and other people.
When the time came to the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, the war of hegemony between the princes was often fought into a war of annihilation and annexation, and the fierce struggle between the nations forced the princely states to make changes, and changing the law in order to become strong became the consensus of all countries. The seven princely states unanimously chose the policy of strengthening the central government and the local government.
Although the term QiMin officially became a state policy during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was actually implemented as early as the pre-Qin era. In 375 BC, Qin Xiangong implemented the measure of "matching household registrations" and incorporated the people into the state household registration rule according to the establishment of five families and one army, and then the Shang Martingale Transformation Law further strengthened this household registration system, and the authority of the central government of the Qin State began to penetrate deep into the grass-roots level, and the strength was unprecedentedly strengthened.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin Dynasty gave birth to the first county in China, the Chu State created the county system, the First Emperor unified the world, turned the country into a county, measured the land as a county, and created a record for the people, which was unified. Under this policy, the so-called Qi people, Lu people, Chu people and other people of various princely states were not discriminated against into the rule, treated equally, without discrimination, and became equal citizens in the legal sense.
The so-called Household QiMin, the household registration of the household registered, the Qi people are all subjects of the monarch, what is the fastest way to integrate into the minority ethnic groups? That is, equal treatment, no privilege, no discrimination, this group of people will naturally integrate into mainstream society, without bloodshed and sacrifice, without confrontation with oppression.
Even though ancient China would have set up prefectures on the fringes of political power and granted local autonomy, it was fundamentally different from the colonies of the Roman Empire, and the states set up by successive dynasties relied on a sense of cultural identity, based on strong self-confidence in the strong assimilation ability of their own culture.
Where is the former Rong Di barbarian Hu Yue now? All turned into Han! The highest level of conquest is not physical annihilation, but spiritual conquest. Not only your body, but also your heart, this is the charm of the people, the foundation of a nation's continuous strength, this is the cultural gene that Western society can never learn!
04 Final Chapter
The political unity formed under the qi people eventually became an unparalleled sense of cultural identity and assimilation through the stable rule of the Qin and Han dynasties, and became the eternal source of power for the Chinese nation to continue to grow stronger. Qin and Han on the left, Rome to the right, the two empires in a nearly similar environment to make different choices, profoundly affecting the trend of the world pattern, now many world problems, perhaps in the Roman Empire and the Qin and Han Empire period, has long been sown seeds, carved into the blood of their respective peoples.
There is no ethnic discrimination between the 56 ethnic groups in China, but there is racial oppression among the four major races in the United States, and this inferiority has been formed during the Roman Empire, and now it is difficult to return.
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Resources:
1. Ouyang Ying's Empire of Dragons and Eagles
2. Edward Gibbon' History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
3. Xu Xiaoxu, "The National Identity of the Greeks During Roman Rule"
4. Sun Xiao's "Examination of the Qin and Han Household Registration System"
5. Wang Guancheng, "On Qin's Ethnic Policy and Its Influence"
6. Zhang Peng, "Research on the Pre-Qin Confucian Concept of Nationalities"