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Louis XI was the founder of the unification of France and the most accomplished king of France in the 15th century.
Louis XI was born on 3 July 1423, when the Hundred Years' War between England and France was nearing its end. However, just as France was about to triumph, the major feudal lords in France swelled in their lusts and tried to become independent from the royal family. The power of the feudal lords to expand by taking advantage of the war can not be underestimated, and at this time the royal power is declining, and everything becomes unpredictable.
As the son of King Charles VII of France, Prince Louis XI also coveted the throne, he was silent since childhood, but he had a lot of intentions, in order to ascend to the throne as soon as possible, he rebelled against his father four times.
First: In 1439, Louis XI was given command of the Languedoc defence against the English and came to Poittowe as the king's plenipotentiary.
Charles VII had expected Louis XI to kill the enemy bravely, who knew that after Louis XI gained military power, he immediately organized an armed force against Charles VII, hoping to ascend to the throne as soon as possible by force.
In 1440, Louis XI led a rebellion against the king's great feudal lords, but it was soon suppressed and Louis XI was taken before Charles VII.
Charles VII faced this taciturn son, finally pardoned him, and once again entrusted him with the heavy responsibility of leading a large army against the British army. Charles VII tolerated Louis XI with his father's kindness, but did not win his heart.
Second: In 1446, Louis XI attempted to incite the Argennes Rebellion in order to force Charles VII to surrender his throne.
Third: After the conspiracy failed, Louis XI painstakingly managed his territory, with the intention of establishing a kingdom within a state. Louis XI also secretly allied himself with Savoy to divide the Duchy of Milan.
Fourth: After the death of Marguerite, wife of Louis XI, he decided to marry Charlotte, the daughter of the Duke of Savoy, despite his father's objections.
Finally, Charles VII could not bear it any longer and decided to deprive Louis XI of his fortune.
Louis XI, who had lost his financial resources, did not compromise with his father, but secretly defected to Philippe, Duke of Burgundy, in 1456.
Charles VII died in July 1461, and Louis XI, who had been wandering for five years, could not wait to return to the throne, and charles VII's death did not seem to have anything to do with him.
Louis XI, who ascended to the throne, was a little oblivious, and he once said to the rebellious feudal lords: "France is the fall." "Completely solipsistic, and prides itself on being the embodiment of French national consciousness."
In order to unify the Territory of France, Louis XI engaged in numerous confrontations with the feudal lords, the most typical of which was his contest with charles the bold of the Duke of Burgundy.
Charles the Bold was the son of Philip the Good, and Louis XI had defected to Philip the Good in 1456 to seek refuge, but Louis XI was the first to take Philip the Good after coming to power, forcing him to sell the city along the Somme to him.
Kindness Philip
Burgundy was the domain of members of the French royal family, and successive dukes wanted to establish a powerful kingdom in order to break away from France. By the time of Charlie's generation, his belligerent personality had filled him with hope for the future, and establishing a kingdom that rivaled France had become his constant dream.
In order to eliminate the possibility of the benefactor's son boldly Charlie the hostile forces in the United Nations, Louis XI decided to strike first. First, those subjects who were dissatisfied with his policies were subjected to various repressions, and most of the ministers of Charles VII's era were dismissed from their posts or imprisoned for complaining.
After cleaning up a group of opposing ministers, Louis XI began to select talents from the lower nobility and the middle class, and as long as he was loyal and had a certain ability, he could obtain an official position. Although these officials encouraged louis XI's arbitrariness, they still injected fresh blood into government agencies by breaking the restrictions on status and origin.
While strengthening domestic power, Louis XI also secretly supported the rebellion in the city of Liege under Burgundy. Bold Charles felt that the time was ripe, so he contacted some families such as Anjou, Brittany, and Bourbon, who were restricted by Louis XI, to form a "public welfare alliance", and set up Louis XI's brother Charles as the nominal leader, and sent the army to the vicinity of Paris to fight a decisive battle with Louis XI.
In 1465, Louis XI lost the war, and in October signed the Treaty of Confran and Saint-Maur; the cities of the Somme Valley were returned to Burgundy and Normandy was ceded to his brother Charles.
Louis XI did not want to abide by the treaty with the "Charity Alliance", and only two months later, Louis XI took advantage of the conflict between his brother Charles and the Duke of Brittany to retake Normandy.
Bold Charles immediately reorganized the "Pro Bono Alliance", uniting the Duke of Francis of Brittany and Edward IV of England to once again crusade against Louis XI.
Louis XI sensed that things were not going well and immediately drove his troops straight into Brittany, forcing the Duke of Francis to withdraw from the Alliance. At the same time, he also expressed his willingness to negotiate with bold Charlie. Bold Charles accepted Louis XI's offer and welcomed him to Pelona, Burgundy, for negotiations.
During the negotiation process, Louis XI's envoys, enraged by the rebellion in the Hot Sun, bold Charles, immediately detained Louis XI and forced him to sign a humiliating treaty: guaranteeing Flandre's freedom, granting champagne as a fief to his brother Charles, and accompanying Bold Charles to The Hot Sun to quell the rebellion.
The humiliated Louis XI immediately tore up the treaty upon his return, sent his brother Charles to Keane, and supported the restoration of Henry VI of the deposed Lancaster family in England, pitting him against Edward IV of the House of York.
Charles the Bold again formed an alliance against Louis XI and added two new members, Count John of Amanek and Duke John of Alençon.
The menacing Third Crusade terrified Louis XI, but the death of his brother Charles in 1472 left him with no worries. Louis XI led his army to meet the enemy, conquering Amanec and Alençon, the Count of John was killed, and the Duke of John was imprisoned. In June 1475, King Edward IV landed in Calais, but was sent home two months later by Louis XI's money.
After Edward IV returned home from his army, charles the bold had to fight alone, and Louis XI stirred up the contradictions between Lorraine, Switzerland and Burgundy, and funded Lorraine and Switzerland.
In 1477, Charles the Bold and the Duke of Lorraine fought in the Battle of Nancy, and Charles the Bold was defeated and killed.
In this way, Louis XI, by rebelling against his father four times and killing the son of his benefactor, finally swept away the main opponents and began to implement the plan for the unification of France.
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