Text/Dai Chuzhou Photo/High School 垠
The eastern part of the Wuling Mountains is full of mountains, selenium-rich soil, abundant rainfall, high mountain valleys are often surrounded by clouds, tea cultivation has a long history, and the tea produced is of excellent quality. The ancestors of the Tujia and Miao ethnic groups who lived in the Wuling Mountains created a tea culture with profound roots and outstanding characteristics in the process of growing tea, making tea and drinking tea.
As early as the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the Lili River Basin has been planted with tea trees, made and sold green tea. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286 AD), the Lizhou Tea Lifting Division was established to manage the taxation of tea planting, tea making and selling in Liyang County, Shimen County and Cili County. According to the Ming Dynasty's Wanli Cili County Chronicle, volume VI: "Those who dwell in the mountains ... There are also tea, peppers, lacquer, and honey, and the time is to pick tea, pick honey, cut paint, and pick peppers in order to trade. ”
The ancient poem "Rabbit Sitting on Songquan", which is appended to the Ming Dynasty's "Wanli Cili County Chronicle", has the inscription "Famous Gao Pu Trace Yu Zhangji, Heavy WuFeng Lu Yu Tea", which proves that before the Ming Dynasty, Cili County already had tea drinking customs. During the Ming Dynasty, zhu Ruzhuo, the prince of Wuchang, came to Maoping on the banks of the Lishui River (in present-day Nanzhuangping Subdistrict Office, Yongding District) to live in Maoping Neighborhood Committee, and planted a number of tea trees on both sides of the Great Compassion Temple, and it was said that it made tribute tea "Maoping Maojian", so folklore says: "The tea of the Great Compassion Temple, the water of the White Crane Well." ”
According to the Qing Dynasty's "Tongzhi Zhili Lizhou Chronicle", "Li tea is all attached to neighboring merchants, and there are not many local products, with Yongding Maoping as the top." Volume VI of the Qing Dynasty's Daoguang Yongding County Chronicle also contains: "Mulberry tea, yizhong planted tea, but maoping is victorious." The Qing Dynasty's "Kangxi Yongding Weizhi" once carried goods: "cotton, kudzu, tea." In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Yongding County poet Ding Qisheng wrote a bamboo branch poem that reflected tea customs and witnessed history: "Qingxi A song of several people's homes, Gu Yushu sings tea picking; ”
Volume VI of the Qianlong Sangzhi County Chronicle of the Qing Dynasty records that "The tea, produced by Sangyi, is more than yongshun (county), Longshan (county), and Baojing (county) Sanyi, and the taste is quite thick." The person who picks the thin one before the rain of the valley, also known as the gun flag. The people of Xitu do not understand the method of making, hide the Ferraine, and bake firewood and smoke, which damages its taste. The Qing Dynasty", "Tongzhi Sangzhi County Chronicle", also contains: "Tong tea, produced in all seasons, the county is unique, and the leaves are quite thick." The person who picks the thin one before the rain of the valley, also known as the gun flag. The Qing Dynasty's "Chronicle of Jiaqing Cili County" also states: "Cidi Homeland also grows tea, and the people who come out of the Xilian place are the first." ”
The Chronicle of Jiaqing Cili County in the Qing Dynasty records that in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Kang Yinghu wrote the "Record of Yunchao Mountain (in present-day Jinping Township, Cili County)": "Yunchao Mountain is ninety miles south of (Cili County), thousands of feet high... The high top is planted with the tsuji tree (large-leaf tea tree), the fragrance is peculiar, and the old people commented that the cloud and mist immortals, that is, Lu Hongzhi's "Tea Classic" does not have to be discarded lightly. The Qing Dynasty "Guangxu Cili County Tuzhi" records: "Taojiazui, Xiaofuye, Yidong Yuexikou City ... The first out of the market goods are known as Tong Yue tea, one-year-old trade and sale, often worth tens of millions. The chronicle also states: "Tea is famous for its rice dumplings. ”
Chen Zongying said in the book "Nine Streams weizhi of the Republic of China": "Tea is famous in Maliao. "During the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the ancestors of the Tujia family in the northwest of Cili County and the northeast of Sangzhi County made "steamed green tea". The well-preserved Tujia Wooden House of the Hongjia Compound in Muyang ChongLi was once a tea-adding workshop in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The lyrics of the Tujia family of Cili County confirm the ancient process of steaming tea: "Every year on the third of March, the three sisters enter the tea garden. On March 3, April 8, the three sisters picked fine tea. The eldest sister enters the garden to pick four or two, the second sister enters the garden to pick half a catty, the third sister picks tea without weighing, forty-eight two a total of three pounds. Pick it up and fry it in a pot, steam it, basket kang, smoke it. Red belt wrapped, green belt bundled, shelf in the box, stored in the cabinet. ”
The ancient song of the Tujia family in Sangzhi County describes the scene of tea picking: "In March, the tea leaves are green, and the tea basket is carried into the tea forest; the tea mountain harvests everywhere, and the smile is happy in the brow." The ancient song of five sentences of tea picking with local characteristics is widely circulated in the Shuishui River Basin: "A tea in front of the sister's door, which is picked every year and sent every year." The head shop was picked to the pound four two, and the second shop was picked to eight two eight, and it was given to the lover's little wrongdoer. The "Tea Horse Trail" provides empirical evidence for the history of Cili tea. Tea merchants in Cili County bought tea from the tea farming workshop, followed the Tea Horse Ancient Road, and drove mules and horses to Jinshi, Hefeng, and Wufeng, and the distant ones followed the Xiang'e Salt Road to the Sichuan-Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road.
According to the memories of the elders of the Tujia family in Cili County, the ancestors of the Tujia family used mules and horses to drive green tea from the sheep to the south to take the dry road, climbed the tea horse ancient road through the bowback, the big rock house, the Caojia Mountain and the Yangjia Pagoda, passed through the Shanmu Bridge, Tongjinpu, Lijiapo and Changyupu, over the Jiuzhai Slope and Yamen Pass, and transported to the county seat of Cili for delivery. Or rush north from The Sheep, pass through Luoping, Nanbei Town, Yishi and other places in Shimen County, and then pass through Hefeng County Iron Furnace, Zouma and Wufeng County Yuyangguan and Yidu, and then transport it by boat to Hankou, a commercial port of the Yangtze River. Go east through Guotaiqiao Night Fragrance Temple, Shimen County, Li County to Jinshi City, and west through Xiangshi, Jiangya Jiuxi, Suoxiyu to the south gate of Dayong County. All the way to the trumpet and all the way to the song, selling tea leaves, buying back salt, cloth and other department stores.
More than ten meritorious inscriptions of the Ancestors of the Tujia Family donated money to build roads during the Qianlong to Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty erected on the dry road in the south of the Shepherd Chong, which bear witness to the history of the Ancestors of the Tujia Family who drove mules and horses to traffic tea on the Tea Horse Ancient Road, and the shepherd Chongbian still retains the many tea transporters in the middle of the Qing Dynasty who eat and sleep and make tea, and the Tea Storage Tujia Corner Tower Building Fan's Station, Ansu Inn, LiJia Inn, Liu Family Courtyard, Xiangjia Courtyard, Zhao Family Courtyard, Wu Family Courtyard, and Tea Picking Tea Making Tea Boiling Utensils Tea Baskets, Tea Sieves, Tea Baskets, Tea Baskets, Tea Baskets, Copper Tea Pots, Artifacts such as copper stoves and tea plates.
The tea-making enterprises in the Laili River Basin established by the People's Republic of China have won many awards and famous trademarks. Green tea is an unfermented tea variety, which is characterized by green appearance and green soup color, retaining tea polyphenols, amino acids, chlorophyll, vitamins, alkaloids and other nutrients that are beneficial to human health. The process of processing green tea is four steps: greening, kneading, frying and drying. Before and after the reform and opening up, the government of the upper reaches of Lishui had run more than 20 tea farms, and the area of tea planted in each township was about 1,000 mu.
In 1983, "Koshiyama Yinhao" was rated as a provincial high-quality famous tea by the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture. In 1983, the "lobster tea" developed by the Agricultural Bureau of Dayong County was developed by cadres Zou Chunhou and Yu Chuchu and tea technicians Hu Shaojun and Zhu Chunjiu in Houping Tea Farm and other places. In 1985, he participated in the National Famous Tea Exhibition and was rated as a national high-quality famous tea, and won the Gold Cup Award for High-quality Famous Tea issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. In 1988, "Lobster Tea" participated in the selection of the first national food expo and won the national silver medal.
In 1986, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park processed Qingyan mountain tea leaves. In 1988, "Qingyan Mingcui" participated in the selection of the first national food expo and won the national silver medal. In 1988, the "Wulei Yuemei" developed by Zhuangta Township Tea Factory in Cili County won the Hunan Provincial Quality Famous Tea Award. In 2003, after the establishment of Baihejing Tea Industry Company, it acquired Sancha Tea Company and merged Cili County Sanhekou Tea Factory. The products include white Crane Well green tea, black tea, flower tea, tea bag five categories of "White Crane Well Tea" series products. Among them, the best white Hejing green tea won the "Hunan Top Ten Famous Tea Special Prize".
In 2006, it obtained qs certification and became the first tea industry enterprise in Zhangjiajie To obtain a "market access certificate". In recent years, the tea industry in Zhangjiajie has continued to grow. In 2014, the city's green tea output totaled 2226 tons, an increase of 9% over the city's green tea output of 2045 tons in 2013. Mao Yanberry Company, Lingjie Company, Xiang Xiaowu Company, Longxin Company, Xilian Tea Company and Tianzi Tea Industry Company and other well-known enterprises in tourism commodities have won the "Hunan Province Famous Trademark", and Mao Yanberry Company has won the "China Well-known Trademark".
In 2015, Zhangjiajie Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute won the Zhangjiajie brand tea registered trademark and hunan famous trademark. MuyangChong Village, Sanhe Town, Cili County, still retains about 300 acres of ancient tea gardens, and a huge "Dragon and Phoenix Fragrant Tea Tree" still stands in front of the old house of the Gao family. This ancient and rare tea tree plant belongs to the arbor-type large-leaf species, and the tree posture is in the shape of a shawl. The tree is 4.18 meters high, 5.26 meters wide and has a root-neck circumference of 1.64 meters. Through the dissection of the leaf mechanism, the sponge tissue is developed, and the grid-like tissue has only one layer, which has the anatomical characteristics rare in the leaves of the tea tree in the world, and is a living witness of the origin of ancient tea trees in China.
Bao Xiaocun, director of the Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute, introduced that only Baojing County and Cili County in Hunan Province have an ancient tea tree. In March 2015, the Cili County government set up a "Protection Plate for Ancient Trees and Famous Trees". In june 2015, the 10th National "Cultural Heritage Day" exhibition and performance activities, the shepherd high school silver exhibition of the inheritor high school silver performance of the shepherd Chong Gao's ancient french tea technique was fully affirmed by Xu Yousheng, member of the Standing Committee of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and director of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee, and reported by media reporters.
In 2016, Sanhe Town and Xiangshi Town of Cili County added more than 2,000 acres of alpine tea gardens. Four leading tea enterprises in Cili County, such as Luhao Tea Industry Company and Yunwuwang Tea Industry Company, circulated land and developed 845 acres of selenium-rich tea gardens. In 2016, the bay laurel Maojian tea produced by Luhao Tea Company and the Wuyun brand Yunwu King Tea produced by Yunwu King Company won the gold award of the first Hunan Province "Xiaoxiang Cup" Famous Tea Competition issued by the Hunan Tea Society and other units. Xilian brand cloud mist green tea produced by Xilian Tea Industry Company and Xiangling Spring brand silver bud tea produced by Longxin Ecological Agriculture Company won the first prize of the first Hunan Province "Xiaoxiang Cup" famous tea competition issued by Hunan Tea Society and other units.
<h1>Source: Party History Research Office of Zhangjiajie Municipal Party Committee, Hunan Province</h1>
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