Editor's note Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the crayfish industry has shown explosive growth, and the consumer market has continued to heat up, and it has become one of the most popular catering and net red foods in China. In 2019, China's crayfish industry continued to maintain its growth momentum. In order to enhance the public's understanding of the current situation of the development of the crayfish industry, provide the majority of practitioners with information on crayfish farming, price trends, processing and circulation, international trade, brand festivals, catering consumption and policy measures in 2019, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of China's crayfish industry, under the guidance of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Aquatic Technology Promotion Station and the China Fisheries Society organized and compiled the "China Crayfish Industry Development Report (2020)", and the full text of the "Report" is now officially published.
In 2019, China's crayfish industry continued to maintain rapid development, the breeding area and aquaculture output reached a new high, the primary processing developed rapidly, the deep processing continued to expand, the consumer market remained hot, and the supply and demand were both prosperous throughout the year; but while the industry as a whole continued to expand and develop, the price fluctuated greatly. Overall, the future development potential of the crayfish industry is still huge, but with the increasing scale of the industry, the need to strengthen problem research, timely early warning, and prevent big ups and downs is becoming more and more urgent. In order to promote the healthy and stable development of China's crayfish industry, under the guidance of the Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Aquatic Technology Promotion Station and the China Fisheries Society organized and compiled the "China Crayfish Industry Development Report (2020)", which focused on sorting out the development status of China's crayfish industry in 2019, comprehensively analyzed the current situation and tasks of the industry, summarized the development experience and characteristics of various places, predicted the development situation, and put forward development suggestions.
First, the scale of the industry
According to estimates, the total output value of China's crayfish industry reached 411 billion yuan in 2019, an increase of 19.28% year-on-year (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan statistics, the same below). Among them, the output value of crayfish aquaculture industry is about 71 billion yuan, the output value of the secondary industry mainly based on processing industry is about 44 billion yuan, and the output value of the tertiary industry mainly based on catering is about 296 billion yuan, an increase of 4.11%, 55.48% and 8.54% respectively. The proportion of the secondary industry increased significantly, the output value of the tertiary industry accounted for 72.02% of the total output value, and the crayfish industry was a fishery integration industry dominated by consumption.
Second, the situation of crayfish farming
In 2019, the total output of crayfish farming in China reached 2.0896 million tons, and the total area of aquaculture reached 19.29 million mu, an increase of 27.52% and 14.80% respectively compared with 2018, and the growth rate declined. According to the breeding mode, crayfish paddy farming accounted for the largest proportion, with an output of 1.7725 million tons and a breeding area of 16.58 million mu, accounting for 84.82% and 85.96% of the total output and total area of crayfish aquaculture, respectively, and 60.46% and 47.71% of the total output and total area of comprehensive rice and fishery breeding in the country. From the national point of view, the five major provinces with traditional crayfish farming continue to maintain growth, and Zhejiang and other provinces that started late have also begun to accelerate development, and the overall rapid growth momentum of the crayfish farming industry has not decreased.
(1) Aquaculture output
1. Rank by province
In 2019, there were 23 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with crayfish aquaculture production reports, followed by Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Hainan, Shanxi, Hebei, Ningxia and Xinjiang, of which Shaanxi and Hainan were the first reports. The top 5 provinces in terms of output are: Hubei 925,000 tons, Anhui 349,800 tons, Hunan 306,800 tons, Jiangsu 204,400 tons, Jiangxi 133,500 tons, Hubei province's output accounted for 44.27% of the country's total output, continuing to lead. The aquaculture production of crayfish in the above five provinces totaled 1.9194 million tons, an increase of 24.27% year-on-year, accounting for 91.86% of the total national crayfish production.
Judging from the data, the dominant position of Hubei Province is still difficult to shake, and the basic pattern of the national crayfish farming industry, which is highly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, has not changed. However, in recent years, with the vigorous development of the crayfish farming industry in various places, the total proportion of production in the top 5 first echelon provinces (with an output of more than 100,000 tons) has a slow downward trend, which is 96.9% in 2017, 94.3% in 2018, and 91.86% in 2019; the second echelon composed of Shandong, Henan, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces (with output of 1-100,000 tons), the increase in crayfish farming in 2019 is obvious, of which Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces, The increase was 129.8% and 212.5% respectively; the remaining provinces, Fujian, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Shaanxi provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) also developed rapidly.
2. Rank by county level
In 2019, among the top 30 counties (cities, districts) in the country in terms of crayfish aquaculture production, Hubei Province accounted for 16, Anhui Province 4, Hunan Province 7, and Jiangsu Province 3. The counties that rose most significantly were Huoqiu County in Anhui Province (7th) and Xiantao City in Hubei Province (15th), up 9 and 11 places respectively. In addition to the top 6, the ranking of the rest of the counties and municipalities is very competitive and has undergone great changes. The total production of crayfish farming in 30 counties (cities, districts) was 1.21 million tons, accounting for 57.9% of the total national crayfish aquaculture production.
In 2019, there were three counties (cities) with crayfish aquaculture production of more than 100,000 tons, namely Jianli County (150,100 tons) in Hubei Province, Honghu City (118,100 tons) and Qianjiang City (107,100 tons). In addition, a total of 3 counties (cities, districts) have newly entered the top 30 in the national rankings, namely Hanshou County in Changde City, Hunan Province (23rd), Yangxin County in Huangshi City, Hubei Province (29th place) and Anxiang County in Changde City, Hunan Province (30th place).
(2) Aquaculture area and distribution
In 2019, the national crayfish farming area reached 19.29 million mu, an increase of 14.80% over 2018. According to the aquaculture method, the paddy field aquaculture area is 15.86 million mu, accounting for 85.96% of the total area of crayfish farming, accounting for further expansion compared with 2018; the pond intensive culture area is 806,000 mu, the shrimp and crab polyculture area is 1.240 million mu, the lotus shrimp cover area is 341,000 mu, and the other 321,000 mu, accounting for 4.18%, 6.43%, 1.77% and 1.66% respectively.
The top five provinces in terms of aquaculture area were Hubei (7.9 million mu), Anhui (3.97 million mu), Jiangsu (2.12 million mu), Hunan (3 million mu) and Jiangxi (1.51 million mu), an increase of 9.57%, 60.08%, 5.47%, 42.86% and 46.60% respectively year-on-year. The farming area of the five provinces accounts for 95.94% of the total area of crayfish farming in the country, an increase of nearly 8 percentage points, which also shows that China's crayfish farming has accelerated to the dominant areas.
(2) Market price trends and aquaculture benefits
1. Overall price action
From a national perspective, the price fluctuations of crayfish in 2019 exceeded the same period in 2018. In March-April, the overall price was high year-on-year, and the general price in the main producing provinces was higher than 35 yuan / jin; in May-June, during the concentrated listing period after the increase in production, the price was low year-on-year, and the low price below 15 yuan / kg appeared in some areas, which was 2-3 yuan lower than the same period in 2018; In July-August, it rebounded to more than 20 yuan / kg, the price differentiation in various places was larger, the middle and late stages of Hubei Province continued to be low, and the price in Anhui Province began to rise in late June, and gradually recovered to the same level in 2018 after July. The price of early seed has risen sharply, mainly due to the large increase in the area of crayfish culture in 2018-2019, and the relatively insufficient supply of shrimp fry in the early stage and the large gap, resulting in inflated shrimp fry prices.
2. Aquaculture benefits
In 2019, the benefits of crayfish farmers in China's main producing provinces vary according to different regions, and the profit and loss differentiation is large. Overall, new farmers due to the high price of crayfish fry in the early stage, resulting in rising costs, the price of adult shrimp in the later period is low, resulting in poor overall benefits; the old farmers have a good benefit of selling seeds, and the benefits of farmers without fry sales are not as good as in the previous year.
In Qianjiang, Wuhan and other areas in Hubei Province, the efficiency of farmers has declined year-on-year, but the proportion of losses is not large, and in Xianning, Xiangyang, Huangshi and other places, there are different proportions of new farmers losing money.
In Key Counties such as Huoqiu, Quanjiao, Yingshang, Dingyuan, Changfeng, Shouxian, Xuanzhou, Chaohu and other key counties in Anhui Province, the old farmers are basically profitable, about 10% of the newly developed farmers are profitable, 20% of the breeders can recover the investment in the construction of seedlings, feed and paddy field projects, 40% of the breeders can recover the input of seedlings and feed, 30% of the breeders can not return the seed feed input, but most of the new farmers have left enough shrimp, laying the foundation for the production of crayfish in the coming year.
Huzhou and Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, under the guidance of local government policies, rice and shrimp symbiosis rotation mode has developed rapidly, according to the survey, because the sales price of crayfish is higher than that of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces, farmers are more profitable in 2019, and more than 80% of farmers have achieved profitability.
Third, processing and circulation and international trade
In 2019, China's crayfish secondary and tertiary industries have developed steadily, and Hubei and Jiangsu provinces have formed a relatively complete whole industrial chain. The crayfish processing industry maintains an accelerated development trend, and the processing capacity continues to increase, but the development of the processing industry in most provinces is still relatively insufficient compared with the overall demand for industrial development, and the price of the crayfish market in 2019 fluctuates greatly, which highlights the important role of the stabilizer of processing capacity. Affected by changes in the international trade situation, crayfish exports in 2019 rebounded slightly to maintain a low level, and exports declined, but imports and imports increased significantly; the domestic market for crayfish maintained growth, digesting the impact of export obstruction.
(1) Processing
1. Large-scale processing enterprises
According to incomplete statistics, in 2019, 113 large-scale crayfish processing enterprises with an annual processing capacity of more than 100 tons in Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang provinces processed a total of about 800,000 tons, an increase of 180,000 tons over 2018, an increase of 150%; Hubei Province alone increased more than 30 large-scale processing enterprises, with a processing capacity increase of 186%.
From the total point of view, large-scale crayfish processing enterprises are mainly concentrated in Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi five provinces, of which Hubei Province, both in terms of quantity and average processing capacity, are in the leading position in the country, above the scale of processing plants reached 51, accounting for nearly half of the country, processing volume of more than 585,400 tons, accounting for more than 70% of the country.
Judging from the number of leading enterprises with an annual processing capacity of more than 5,000 tons, the concentration is also very high. Among the 24 leading enterprises with an annual output of more than 5,000 tons, Hubei Province accounts for 13 seats, of which there are 9 leading enterprises with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons, namely Hubei Chuyulai Xinke Food Technology Co., Ltd., Hubei Renshangren Food Co., Ltd., Hubei Lake Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Huashan Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Liangzihu Aquatic Products Processing Co., Ltd., Honghu Xinhongye Aquatic Food Co., Ltd., Honghu Wannong Aquatic Food Co., Ltd., Honghu Jingli Aquatic Food Co., Ltd., Hubei Jinfuyuan Food Co., Ltd. Others are distributed in Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, among which the leading enterprises with an annual processing capacity of more than 10,000 tons are Shunxiang Food Co., Ltd. in Hunan Province.
2. Processing type
China's crayfish is mainly based on primary processing, and the deep processing capacity is about 30,000 tons, accounting for a very low proportion of total processing. In 2019, the sales market of some processing enterprises has changed from mainly exporting to Europe and the United States to domestic consumption, and the export market is supplemented; the product types are also becoming increasingly rich, from single quick-frozen shrimp to seasoned ready-to-eat whole limb shrimp, single frozen shrimp tail, and quick-frozen shrimp.
(1) Primary processing
According to the different production and processing technology, crayfish primary processing products can be divided into whole limb shrimp (no head, no shell), shrimp (head, shell), shrimp tail (only to the head, not shelled) three series, the common ones are "frozen boiled with yellow crayfish kernels", "frozen boiled washed crayfish kernels" and "frozen boiled soup (ingredients) whole limb crayfish", etc., and the whole limb crayfish is divided into clear water original shrimp, international style shrimp (European-style fennel shrimp, American spicy powder shrimp, etc.) and Chinese flavor shrimp (spicy shrimp, spicy shrimp, garlic shrimp, thirteen shrimp, Braised shrimp in oil, etc.), thawed or heated before consumption.
(2) Deep processing
The comprehensive utilization of crayfish shells and other by-products and chitin extraction as the representative of deep processing, mainly concentrated in Hubei and Jiangsu provinces, some key enterprises with crayfish shells as the main raw materials, processing the formation of chitin, chitosan, chitosan capsules, chitosan, water-soluble chibutane, carboxymethyl chitosan, chito oligosaccharides and other series of products.
(3) Output composition
According to the survey, in 2019, the crayfish that were directly eaten through wholesale markets and other channels accounted for about 70%-80%, of which the green and red shell crayfish that were not resistant to transportation were mainly sold in the production areas or neighboring provinces, and the red shell hard shell crayfish that were resistant to transportation were sold to the farther north, northeast and northwest regions; most of the remaining small and medium-sized individual crayfish were processed into shrimp, shrimp tails and seasoned whole shrimp by processing plants, and the percentage of raw shrimp consumed in the three series was 22%, 43% and 35% respectively. The national crayfish deep processing capacity is about 30,000 tons, accounting for only about 1/16 of the total processing.
(2) The construction of sales channels
In recent years, with the continuous popularity of crayfish nationwide, the sales and circulation models of crayfish such as offline freight and passenger logistics have been unable to meet market demand. To this end, the main crayfish producing provinces are accelerating the construction of cold chain logistics and promoting the combination of online and offline sales models for crayfish.
1. Online channels. All localities actively innovate the "Internet + crayfish" business model, guide traditional enterprises to accelerate the application of e-commerce, and the transaction volume is rapidly enlarged. The competent agricultural department of Jiangsu Province has comprehensively promoted the cooperation between lobster production areas and e-commerce platforms such as Taobao, JD.com, suning Tesco, etc., Alibaba Taobao.com's featured China Xuyi Pavilion was officially opened, China Xuyi Lobster Online Mall was opened and operated, Suning Tesco Jiangsu Youyu Trading successfully launched online trading, xuyi county signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with SF, Sihong county and jingdong.
2. Offline channels. The crayfish market is actively traded, and there are crayfish franchise stores in the aquatic products trading markets throughout the country, such as Qianjiang in Hubei Province, Xuyi County, Jinhu County, Xinghua City, Sihong County in Jiangsu Province, and Yutai County in Shandong Province, which have built a professional crayfish trading wholesale market and supporting the construction of a cold chain logistics system for crayfish.
(3) International trade
According to customs data, in 2019, a total of 14,900 tons of frozen crayfish or shrimp were exported from mainland China, an increase of 49% year-on-year, but it was still much lower than the export volume in 2012-2017; the export value was 168 million US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 10.64%, and the overall export unit price was still declining. The main export trading partners are concentrated in North America and the European Union, and the top three exporters are the United States, Denmark and the Netherlands, with a sum of 128 million US dollars, accounting for 76.2% of China's crayfish exports.
Fourth, branding and marketing
The crayfish industry has become a pillar industry in rural areas and the main channel for farmers to get rich in more and more places, opening up the economic take-off road of "one shrimp first, all industries advancing at the same time", and achieving the dream of innovation and entrepreneurship and upward goodness of the people in crayfish producing areas.
(1) Regional brands
Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", in order to enhance the popularity of regional crayfish and the added value of products, more and more attention has been paid to the cultivation of crayfish brands, and a number of regional public brands with local characteristics and cultural heritage have emerged, as well as corporate brands with national or regional influence. According to incomplete statistics, in 2016-2020, various institutions awarded a total of 17 regional public brands of crayfish. Among them, in 2019, the regional brand value of Qianjiang lobster was 20.37 billion yuan, successfully topped the first place of China's lobster regional brand, and became the top ten regional brands in China. The "Xuyi Lobster" industry created by Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, is booming, and the brand value of "Xuyi Lobster" has reached 20.392 billion yuan in 2020, and the development of the crayfish industry has greatly enhanced the popularity and reputation of Xuyi in the country.
(2) Communication platforms and festivals
Creating a high-level industry exchange platform and festival culture is an important means to enhance brands, stimulate consumption, integrate industries, and promote income increase.
In recent years, the China Rice-Fishery Comprehensive Breeding Industry Technology Innovation Alliance has carried out a series of fruitful work in building a high-level industry exchange and promotion platform. In August 2019, the Alliance held the 3rd Rice and Fishery Comprehensive Breeding Industry Development Summit Forum in Yinchuan, Ningxia, inviting leaders of national government departments, academicians and experts of the planting and aquaculture industry, as well as administrative, scientific research, promotion personnel and representatives of rice and fishery enterprises from all over the country to participate in nearly 200 people; in December, the 3rd National Rice and Fishery Comprehensive Breeding Model Innovation Competition and 2019 High-quality Fishery Rice Evaluation and Promotion Activity was successfully held in Hefei, Anhui Province. It attracted 165 units and 500 professionals from 20 provinces across the country to participate, and the rice-fishery comprehensive breeding model innovation competition selected 2 special prizes, 4 first prizes and 8 second prizes. A total of 9 gold medals for high-quality fishing rice were awarded in the national high-quality fishing rice competition, including 3 in the japonica rice group and 6 in the indica rice group, and 18 silver awards, including 6 in the japonica rice group and 12 indica rice groups. The holding of these activities and events has not only significantly improved the social influence and popularity of China's rice-fishery comprehensive breeding industry, but also recommended a large number of excellent rice crayfish breeding subjects, providing a high-end communication platform for rice-fishery comprehensive breeding and crayfish breeding industry.
Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the crayfish festivals represented by the Hubei Qianjiang Lobster Festival and the Jiangsu Xuyi Lobster Festival have been in full swing. With the rapid development of the crayfish industry, crayfish-themed festivals have blossomed everywhere, and cities, counties and even towns and villages around the country have made festival economic articles. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 50 crayfish theme festivals at all levels held in 2019.
Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, since 2000 began to hold the lobster festival, with the unique carrier of crayfish, through the platform of festivals, constantly innovate the content and form of the festival, held 19 consecutive international lobster festivals, relying on "Xuyi lobster", successfully built a local property festival into a national well-known brand, has won the "China Festival Industry Top Ten Brand Festival", "National Demonstration Fishery Culture Festival (Exhibition)", "World Top Three Festivals" and other international and domestic honors more than 30. Jinhu County successfully declared the Guinness Book of Records by holding the "China Lobster First Pot" activity, which played a positive role in promoting Jinhu lobster to the whole country and the world, and the successful holding of the activity expanded the popularity of Jinhu lobster and increased the development of the local economy.
(3) Food and beverage consumption
As an integrated industry dominated by three industries, the crayfish catering market is an important aspect that determines market demand. Various localities have actively increased the research and development of crayfish dishes, forming a large number of well-known crayfish dishes and catering brands, effectively promoting the in-depth development of crayfish catering consumption, and also effectively driving the development of primary and secondary production. In recent years, the hot market of crayfish has made capital move and accelerated into the game. Since 2015, a number of companies have gained the favor of capital, and some national crayfish catering brands have grown rapidly. However, in general, there are still few national crayfish catering brands, and Xuyi lobster is an excellent representative of them; Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui and Sichuan provinces have achieved remarkable results in the construction of regional well-known brands and mass word-of-mouth brands.
As the largest province in crayfish farming, Hubei Province has also cultivated a large number of regional and even national well-known catering brands with the advantages of production, price and quality. Only the Wuhan crayfish catering market has already exceeded the scale of 10 billion, forming four well-known shrimp shops: Qianjiang Shrimp King, Balinese Lobster, Xiaoliang Steamed Shrimp and Liangliang Steamed Shrimp. As the home of the well-known crayfish in the country, Qianjiang also has many well-known crayfish catering brands such as "Shrimp King", "Five Seven Oil Braised Prawns", "Huangshi Shrimp King" and so on.
After years of cultivation, Jiangsu Province has formed more than 50 well-known crayfish catering brands such as Xuyi, Hongtuo and Yushi. Nanjing catering enterprises have developed more than 20 flavors of crayfish "Jinling Fresh Rhyme" series, and the sales of crayfish dishes account for 20%-25% of the marketing volume of the entire catering industry in Nanjing, with an output value of more than 10 billion yuan. Xuyi County makes use of its brand advantages to make the lobster industry bigger and stronger, and has built two lobster food centers in Xucheng and Maba, developing nearly 100 lobster series cooking and processing products, and 2,000 Xuyi lobster franchise stores, covering 18 countries in the country and china. Jinhu has established a lobster food street, the county to operate lobster as a special dish of more than 500 restaurants, Jinhu lobster national franchise stores have exceeded more than 3,000, including more than 500 in Nanjing, the average daily sales of lobster 25 tons. Through years of development, Jiangsu Province has formed a number of large-scale well-known lobster catering brands.
Anhui Province has brands represented by Lao Xie lobster and Fat Lobster, which enjoys a high degree of popularity inside and outside the province. At present, there are more than 160 brand lobster restaurants in Hefei City, with an annual consumption of 8500 tons of lobster. There are more than 1,500 lobster stalls in the city, and the catering culture concept of "eating lobster, drinking beer, talking about business, and making friends" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the sales of the lobster industry in the city have exceeded 100 million yuan.
Sichuan Province has a long tradition of dining culture, Sichuan crayfish with spicy, spicy, pepper, garlic, brine and other flavors as the main flavor type, all over the province large and small restaurants and supper stalls. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1,500 crayfish restaurants in Chengdu alone, of which Uncle Lee Lobster Restaurant, Bawang Shrimp, Hao Shrimp Legend, Shrimp Garden Shrimp, Tangmen Kitchen, Little Bear Lake Shrimp Factory, Sunshine Courtyard Dam and other well-known crayfish catering brands are the most famous.
Fifth, measures to promote the development of the crayfish industry
2019 is a year of special significance for China's aquaculture industry. At the beginning of the year, with the consent of the State Council, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and other ten ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Green Development of the Aquaculture Industry", and various localities have issued supporting implementation documents. Many provinces have accelerated the development of comprehensive rice-fishery breeding as an important measure to implement the spirit of the document, and the development of the crayfish industry has benefited from it.
(1) Seize the opportunity to introduce policies to promote the rapid development of the industry
In April 2019, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Notice on Regulating the Development of the Rice-Fishery Comprehensive Breeding and Breeding Industry", emphasizing the need to conscientiously implement the "General Principles of Technical Specifications for Comprehensive Rice-Fishery Breeding and Breeding", making clear provisions on the proportion of ditches and pits, rice yield and product quality of rice-fishery comprehensive breeding, requiring all localities to carry out comprehensive investigation, strengthen guidance and supervision, establish a long-term management mechanism, ensure standardized and orderly development, strengthen support and guidance, and promote the integrated development of the three industries. In August, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a national rice-fishery comprehensive breeding and breeding centralized seminar and observation meeting in Yinchuan, comprehensively summarized the experience and practices of the development of comprehensive rice-fishery breeding since the "13th Five-Year Plan", studied and judged the development situation of China's rice-fishery comprehensive breeding industry, explored measures to further promote the high-quality development of the national rice-fishery comprehensive breeding industry, and deployed the next step.
All localities should do a good job in regulating the industry in accordance with the spirit of the notice and the conference, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the crayfish industry. According to incomplete statistics, in 2019, a total of 23 documents and policies related to the crayfish industry were issued. Issued the "Hubei Province "Shrimp and Rice Co-cultivation, Rice Fishery Breeding and Breeding" Industrial Development Plan (2019-2022)", proposing a series of measures for rational planning and layout, standardized and standardized development. The Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Zhejiang Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on the Million Rice and Fishery Comprehensive Breeding Project in Zhejiang Province (2019-2022)", which listed the rice-crayfish model as the most important development and promotion model, focusing on promoting the northern Zhejiang Plain; during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period in Anhui Province, the "100 Million Project" of comprehensive rice and fishery breeding industry was vigorously promoted, and the three major rice and fishery comprehensive breeding industrial belts along the river, along the Huaihuai and Huanchao Lake were initially formed. Under the strong impetus of the policy, the crayfish production in Anhui Province in 2019 increased by 60.8% year-on-year, which is the province with the largest increase in the five main production provinces of crayfish farming in China, and the output has also jumped to the second place in the country; Zhejiang has doubled its output and area in 2019, with the largest increase in the provinces with an output of more than 10,000 tons. Jiangsu Province issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Comprehensive Rice Field Breeding", which clarified the development goals and safeguard measures for the next three years.
(2) Build a long-term poverty alleviation industry for crayfish and promote poverty alleviation
Many places regard the crayfish industry as an effective means to get rid of poverty in poor old areas, and adopt various support measures to create a long-term poverty alleviation industry, which has achieved remarkable results. Since 2017, Xinyang City, Henan Province, has vigorously promoted the rice-crayfish ecological breeding industry, and the 8 districts and counties of the city have issued policies to support the comprehensive breeding of rice and shrimp, and have provided support for the self-cultivation of poor households in Lika, the poor households driven by large households and the poor households driven by enterprises to carry out ecological breeding of rice and shrimp, and have given support in terms of financial subsidies, guarantee credit and breeding insurance subsidies, and have achieved good results. Anhui Province through the crayfish-based rice and fishery comprehensive industry poverty alleviation to drive 31,000 poor households, Huoqiu County Sanliu Township alone has more than 10,000 people engaged in rice and shrimp breeding, the average household income from rice and shrimp breeding is 20,000-30,000 yuan, 80% of poor households through rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding to get rid of poverty and get rich. Guizhou provincial financial special poverty alleviation funds arranged 5 million yuan to support some counties (cities, districts) to develop comprehensive rice field breeding, and the provincial rural industrial revolution ecological fishery development special fund arrangement of 7.1 million yuan for subsidizing comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding, driving the people in the old areas to get rich and effective.
(3) Establish industrial benchmarks and strengthen demonstration and leadership
In recent years, various localities have built demonstration areas for crayfish breeding, and the radiation driving effect is remarkable. Pengze, Duchang, Yongxiu, Jinxian, Xinjian, Yugan, Wannian, Poyang, Jishui, Taihe and other Binhu counties in Jiangxi Province have established core areas and demonstration areas for comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding, and through the core demonstration, it is planned to promote comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding in the whole county, with an area of more than 100,000 mu in the core demonstration area, of which the breeding demonstration households in the core demonstration area of henghu reclamation farm in the new district basically realize the "five ones" demonstration effect of one field, one stubble rice, one season shrimp, 100,000 yuan, one-time investment, and annual income. According to the development endowments of each area, Guangxi plans to build more than 5 rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding demonstration counties, 18 science and technology industry demonstration parks and a number of scientific and technological demonstration bases to provide scientific and technological models for the integrated development of the three industries, with a cumulative demonstration area of 50,000 mu, demonstration and radiation promotion of more than 400,000 mu, and an annual radiation area of 1 million mu after the completion of all implementation, and economic benefits of more than 10 billion yuan.
(4) Carry out cross-industry and departmental cooperation to jointly promote industrial progress
The Zhejiang Aquatic Technology Extension Station and the Zhejiang Planting Industry Technology Extension Agency jointly carried out the demonstration and promotion of the new rice and fishery comprehensive breeding, and realized the first time in the past 30 years that the provincial agricultural and fishery promotion units jointly issued and jointly issued the demonstration and promotion work plan for the new rice and fishery comprehensive breeding. From 2018 to 2019, a total of 16 provincial rice-crayfish demonstration sites were built, focusing on strengthening the research and development and demonstration of fine seed selection and breeding, rice variety selection, breeding management, weight loss and drug reduction, green prevention and control, feeding management, breeding and rearing tailwater recycling, product quality safety and quality improvement, strengthening the organic connection and integration of agricultural machinery agronomy and fishing technology, and actively promoting intelligent control and "Internet of Things +" technology in the field of comprehensive rice-crayfish breeding, and achieved good results.
(5) Combined with the actual development of local industries, find loopholes to fill in the shortcomings
In recent years, in view of the region's resource endowments and industrial development stages, provinces have raised funds through multiple channels to support the crayfish industry to make up for shortcomings. Hubei Province continues to support the development of the crayfish industry, using poverty alleviation funds to support the development of rice-fishery comprehensive breeding and breeding funds of more than 60 million yuan, since 2018, the overall fuel subsidy fund of 80 million yuan to create 10 rice-fishery comprehensive breeding demonstration counties, the transformation of rice-fishery comprehensive rice-fishery cultivation into the scope of high-standard farmland construction and land consolidation projects, the province's rice-fishery comprehensive breeding area reached 4.5 million mu. Jiangsu Province uses various types of financial and agricultural funds at all levels to support the infrastructure of the crayfish industry, focusing on supporting the construction of seedling bases, large-scale production bases, processing and export bases and mutual aid insurance for rice field breeding of crayfish. Jiangxi Province pays attention to the cultivation of leading enterprises and the construction of public area brands, such as Pengze County to focus on the construction of modern agricultural demonstration parks, guide the land circulation of core enterprises, produce through the "leading enterprises + cooperatives + farmers" industrial model, and achieve the win-win goal of the company and farmers through the implementation of "five unifications". Henan Province attaches great importance to the work of crayfish farming insurance, such as the Luoshan County Government took the lead in issuing the "Luoshan County Policy Crayfish Farming Insurance Work Implementation Plan", the county implemented a total of 90,160 mu of rice and shrimp insurance area (of which: poor households area of 10,915 mu), the total premium of 7.95 million yuan, financial subsidies of more than 6 million yuan. In 2019, the amount of rice and shrimp insurance compensation due to high temperature and drought disaster reached more than 8.06 million yuan, which played a good role in guaranteeing cooperatives and farmers engaged in breeding. Hefei, Lu'an, Chuzhou and other cities in Anhui Province have arranged funds for special financial projects, poverty alleviation and industrial projects for the comprehensive rice and fishery breeding industry, focusing on promoting the construction of breeding bases, crayfish markets and rice and fishery products brands.
Sixth, industry outlook and development suggestions
After more than ten years of development of China's crayfish industry, especially the rapid development in recent years, the current industrial volume has been very large, a series of accumulated problems in development have gradually emerged, the growth rate of some areas has declined, and some areas have just started, putting forward the goal of rapid development. However, a sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought uncertainties to China's economy and brought a huge test to the development of the crayfish industry.
(1) Industry outlook
With the strong support of national and local policies and the extensive attention of all parties in society, we believe that the trend of expansion of the crayfish industry has not been reversed, there is still a strong inertia, and the overall crayfish industry will maintain medium-high speed growth during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
In terms of crayfish farming, the situation of continuous increase in production and area is expected to continue, especially in some provinces that started late, which is likely to maintain rapid growth, but the share of primary production in the overall crayfish industry economy will continue to decline. With the intensification of competition in the crayfish farming industry, the situation of extensive breeding will gradually change, and the "breeding and breeding" model will be unstable in production, small in size, and the problem of germplasm degradation will become more and more serious, and will gradually be replaced by the "breeding separation, precision breeding" model. The market price gap brought about by size and quality will continue to widen, and the era of raising prawns and raising shrimp has arrived.
In the secondary and tertiary industries, under the influence of the attention of all parties and the increase in market demand, the situation of lagging behind in the development scale of the crayfish processing industry in the future will gradually be changed. The new crown epidemic in 2020 will have a long-term and far-reaching impact on people's behavior, after 90, 00 gradually become the main force of consumption, consumer consumption patterns, dining habits, etc. are gradually changed, the future demand for crayfish primary processing products is expected to continue to increase, under this influence, the crayfish processing industry will enter a stage of rapid development, the primary processing industry is expected to achieve great development, supporting cold chain logistics and distribution scale expanded, technology continues to improve, deep processing steady development. Crayfish tertiary production based on catering and leisure still plays a leading role in the entire industry, but due to the impact of the epidemic, catering, leisure tourism and other industries have been greatly affected in the short term, and it is expected that it will take time to recover to the level before the epidemic, but in the long run, the potential demand of the market still exists, and we remain optimistic about the future.
(2) Development proposals
1. Guided by market demand, scientific and reasonable planning of breeding scale. Although the potential of the crayfish market is still large, it is impossible to expand indefinitely. Moreover, the proportion of rice shrimp in the current crayfish farming method is too large, resulting in problems such as too concentrated market time and "shrimp hurting farmers". All localities should rationally plan the development scale of the crayfish farming industry, adhere to the development concept of stabilizing the scale, stabilizing the output, improving the quality and increasing the efficiency, and ensure the sustained and healthy development of the industry.
2. Solve the problem of breeding bottlenecks and improve product quality. Focus on solving the shortcomings of the seed industry that restrict crayfish farming, build a commercial breeding system with enterprises as the main body, cultivate large-scale crayfish seed production enterprises, jointly cultivate excellent crayfish varieties with independent intellectual property rights in joint scientific research institutions, and improve the supply capacity of autumn seedlings and early spring seedlings; vigorously promote standardized breeding technology, realize "breeding and separation, precision breeding", improve the yield and specifications of crayfish breeding, and increase the standardization construction of shrimp and rice co-cultivation bases, technology demonstration and promotion, disease prevention and control, environmental monitoring and other work. Improve the development conditions of the aquaculture industry and improve the quality of products.
3. Vigorously develop the processing industry and enhance the comprehensive development efficiency. The cyclical supply of crayfish is obvious, the seasonal contradiction between supply and demand is very prominent, the number and scale of processing enterprises cannot meet the requirements, the comprehensive utilization is not enough, the development of added value is insufficient, and the structure of processed products is converging. We should vigorously develop crayfish processing, increase the proportion of finished crayfish processing products, change the situation of concentrated listing and centralized consumption of crayfish, and iron out the sharp fluctuations in market prices. Develop the deep processing of crayfish represented by chitin extraction and utilization, improve the utilization rate of crayfish waste shrimp shells, etc., and develop applications in the fields of environmentally friendly fertilizers, cosmetics and medicine, and membrane materials.
4. Strengthen brand publicity and promote the integration and development of the industry. Actively carry out the work of image maintenance of the crayfish industry, consumer habit cultivation, and publicity of major events, and expand the regional brand awareness and market development and marketing of crayfish. Create a complete industrial chain, promote the integration of tourism such as crayfish-themed gourmet catering, characteristic homestays, leisure fisheries and popular science education, and truly achieve the quality and efficiency of the industry and sustainable development. (Source: National Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Chinese Fisheries Society)