The "Reform Law" took place on June 11, 1898, and was nominally an innovation and reform of the European system, and if this movement is evaluated in a strict sense, it can be understood as a fierce struggle between the "reformists" and the "conservatives".
103 days after the Penghu Rebellion, the conservative faction led by Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup d'état, which was the third time in Empress Dowager Cixi's life that she had launched a coup d'état, and each time she succeeded. By hanging the curtain to listen to the government, she became the true ruler of the Qing Dynasty.
After 103 days, all six gentlemen were killed by order of Empress Dowager Cixi.
From a historical point of view, the Penghu Reform Law was a patriotic movement, and it was also an opportunity for the Manchu Qing government to continue to stay on the stage of history, but the Manchu Qing did not cherish it!
Many scholars blame Yuan Shikai's sudden rebellion and then inform Empress Dowager Cixi, but the real reason is not the case.
In fact, the failure of the Wushu Reform Law cannot be blamed on one person, the real reason lies in the entire Qing Dynasty society!
In the process of changing the law, these people are very disapproving!
There are three points in the reform of the Pentagram Transformation Method!
The first point is to abolish the imperial examination, abolish the private school, and then build a large number of modern schools that combine Chinese and Western cultures on this basis.
At that time, there were many readers in the Qing Dynasty society, they were full of poetry and books, familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, and many of them had the goal of life to be recognized by all walks of life in the middle and high schools.
When they understood that they wanted to abolish the imperial examination, most of them were opposed. In that era, there were very few families who could read and write, let alone families that could support these students for a long time.
Most of the families where these students lived were either rich or wealthy, and they had a big say in the Qing Dynasty at that time, so such people held opposing opinions.
The second point: pay attention to?? commerce? Development?, push? modernization? Economical?, and? will? China? gradually? Transformed? industry? country?!
As we all know, we have been a big agricultural country for thousands of years, and many ordinary people at that time regarded "cultivating the land" and aquaculture as the most stable occupation.
They feel that the matter of starting factories and building modern enterprises is too strange and distant. In the vast areas of the Qing Dynasty at that time, many people were even proud of the land they owned.
Because the land can not only be planted year after year, but also harvested year after year, and can also be passed on to their children and grandchildren.
So the definition of wealth is not just money in their eyes, and they don't think that starting a lot of factories will make them better off.
The third point: will? Qing Dynasty? Around? target? official? Institutionally carried out? streamline? Not only? want? Dismissed? Ming Dynasty official positions? target? A few? Vanity?, more? carry out?? reform?!
Due to the excessive pace of reform, many people in power in the Qing Dynasty opposed the reform and even secretly obstructed it, because if the reform continued to develop, it would inevitably touch their interests.
When the reforms reached a certain point and it was necessary to simplify the original large group of vanity, almost all of the classes represented by these people were opposed.
Moreover, simplification is not acceptable to all local governments, and the way of operation that has lasted for hundreds of years, or even thousands of years, has changed, and to a certain extent, it is very difficult for them to accept!
Although the starting point of the reform law is good and correct, it has touched the interests of all levels of society, and if you want to break this situation, it will inevitably cause the disgust of many people, especially the conservative faction among vested interests.
In the process of changing the law, the Guangxu Emperor found that his teacher, "Weng Tonggong", who was a heavy minister of the Qing Dynasty's Military Aircraft Department at that time, was too opposed to his own change of law, and even obstructed it.
Subsequently, the Guangxu Emperor not only sent him back to his hometown for retirement, but also laid off a large number of idle public officials in the capital. According to statistics, nearly 10,000 people have been cut in Beijing alone, which shows the intensity of the change and how fast the pace is.
Some later scholars believe that if the pentagram could be carried out in a gentle way, it might not end so quickly.
However, some scholars believe that at that time, the Qing Dynasty government was already worried about internal and external troubles, and if it did not drastically accelerate the progress of the change of law, the revolutionary party headed by Sun Yat-sen would be more popular.
It seems that the reform method has failed, but in fact, if it is analyzed from a historical point of view, it is not a failure, but an attempt at reform.
In the 19th century, capitalism had reached a stage of rapid development, and after the second industrial revolution, all european countries had greatly increased their national strength and quickly became industrial powers.
When Japan saw this, it made great determination and made no hesitation in making changes, the most important of which was the Meiji Restoration.
After seeing the Japanese Restoration, the Qing Dynasty had the idea of restoration, but it has not made up its mind, because it is difficult for all levels of society to accept it.
It is not that they are opposed to the restoration, nor that they are unaware of the benefits that the restoration will bring to the country, but they are not willing to give up their own interests.
On the basis of the Penghu Reform Law, 13 years later, the Qing Dynasty ushered in the Xinhai Revolution!
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