Introduction to the Numismatic Collection of the Napo County Museum
Wei Qingshan
【Summary】 The author of this article introduces more than 2,000 ancient coins in the collection of the Napo County Museum, including coins from the five periods of China's Tang, Song, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China, as well as ancient coins from Vietnam, Japan and other countries.
【Keywords】 Napo County Ancient Coins Introduction
【Author】 Wei Qingshan, Guangxi Napo County Museum Administrator Napo 533900
Since the establishment of the Napo Museum in 1980, it has collected 2148 coins from various historical periods since the Tang Dynasty and vietnam, Japan and other ancient coins, and in the first half of 2007, taking the opportunity to carry out the construction of the cultural relics database, our museum organized relevant personnel to clean up the historical currency of our collection and basically clarified the relevant situation. In order to facilitate the relevant units and coin lovers to have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the historical currency of our collection, the relevant information of the historical currency of the Napo County Museum collection is listed as follows:
1. Tang Dynasty coins
Kaiyuan Tongbao, 2 pieces, Tang Gaozu Li Yuanwude four years (621) began to cast, Qian Wen eight points of lishu, straight reading, narrow edge. One of them is 2.4 cm in diameter, 0.7 cm wide, 0.1 cm thick and weighs 3.3 g, while the other is 2.4 cm in diameter, 0.7 cm wide, 0.07 cm thick and weighs 2.4 g.
2. Northern Song Dynasty coins
Northern Song coins have 7 types of 11 layouts:
First, Xianping Yuanbao, 1 piece, Zhenzong Xianping Yuan year (998) began to be cast, Qian Wen Zhenshu, spiral reading, middle rim, diameter 2.3 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.07 cm, weight 2.3 grams.
Second, 1 Jingyou Yuanbao, cast during the Jingyou period of Emperor Renzong (1034-1037), Qian WenzhenShu, Rotary Reading, Narrow Rim, Diameter 2.5 cm, Wearing Width 0.7 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.1 G (Figure 1).
Fig. 1 Front and back
Third, the Imperial Song Tongbao, 3 pieces, Renzong Bao yuan second year (1039) began to cast, according to the font can be divided into 3 styles:
I. Style: Qian Wen Seal Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.8 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.5 g.
Type II: Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.7 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 2.8 g.
III. Type: Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.8 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 3.2 g.
Fourth, Zhiping Yuanbao, 1 piece, minted in the first year of Yingzong Zhiping (1056), Qian Wenzhen Book, Spiral Reading, Middle Rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.08 cm, weight 3.1 grams.
Fifth, Yuanfeng Tongbao, 2 pieces, Shenzong Yuanfeng yuan year (1078) began to cast, according to the font can be divided into 2 forms:
Type I: Qian Wenxing book, rotary reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.7 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.7 g (Figure 2).
Fig. 2 Front and back
Type II: Qian Wen Zhenshu, Rotary Reading, Middle Rim, Light Back, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.2 G.
Sixth, Yuanyou Tongbao, 1 piece, cast during the reign of Emperor Zhezong (1086-1093), Qian Wen Zhenshu, Spinning Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.2 G.
Seventh, Yuanfu Tongbao, 2 pieces, during the reign of Emperor Zhezong (1098-1100), it can be divided into 2 forms according to the style of the money script:
I. Type: Qian Wen Seal Book, Spiral Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.3 cm, Wear Width 0.7 Cm, Thickness 0.08 Cm, Weight 3 G.
Type II: Qian Wenxingshu, rotary reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.7 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.8 g (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Front and back
3. Southern Song Dynasty coins
Shaoxing Tongbao, 1 piece, gaozong Shaoxing first year (1131) began to cast, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, narrow rim, diameter 2.9 cm, wear width 0.8 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 5.8 g.
4. Coins of the Ming Dynasty
The first, Yongle Tongbao, 1 piece, ming chengzu Yongle first year (1403) began to be cast, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3 g (Figure 4).
Fig. 4 Front and back
Second, the Apocalypse Tongbao, 2 pieces, cast during the Apocalypse Period (1621-1627), according to the back of the money can be divided into 2 types:
Type I: Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, cast "cloud" character on the back, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.08 cm, weight 3 grams (Figure 5).
Fig. 5 Front and back
Type II: Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, no text on the back, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.7 grams.
Third, Chongzhen Tongbao, 1 piece, Sizong Chongzhen first year (1628) began to cast, Qian Wen seal book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.4 grams.
Fourth, Yongli Tongbao, 1 piece, The Southern Ming Yongli Emperor Zhu was cast in the first year of the Yongli Calendar (1646), Qian Wen Seal Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wearing width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.4 g (Figure 6).
Fig. 6 Front and back
5. Qing Dynasty coins
Qing dynasty coins have 11 types and 43 layouts:
First, Shunzhi Tongbao, 3 pieces, shizu Shunzhi first year (1644) began to be minted, according to the money back casting can be divided into 3 types:
I. style: Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, light back, diameter 2.7 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.05 cm, weight 3.5 g.
Type II: Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle edge, back right cast "cloud" word, left cast "one centimeter" 2 characters, diameter 2.6 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.08 cm, weight 3.1 grams.
III. style: Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle edge, back right cast "Shaanxi" character, diameter 1.2 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.03 cm, weight 1.4 grams.
Second, Kangxi Tongbao, 16 pieces, the first year of the Holy Ancestor Kangxi (1662) began to be minted, according to the different money bureaus of the money back can be divided into 5 types:
I. type: 2 pieces, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle edge, back right cast "cloud" character, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 3.5 grams.
Type II: 1 piece, Qian Wen zhenshu, straight reading, middle edge, back right cast "pro" character, diameter 2.7 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.08 cm, weight 3.2 grams.
Iii. type: 1 piece, Qian Wen zhenshu, straight reading, middle edge, back right cast "river" character, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0 05 cm, weight 2.2 grams.
Type IV. type: 1 piece, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, back right cast "Guang" character, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 3 grams.
V. type: 11 pieces, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.1 ~ 2.7 cm, wear width 0.5 ~ 0.7 cm, thickness 0.05 ~ 0.1 cm, weight 1.5 ~ 3.8 grams.
Third, using Tongbao, 1 piece, Qing Kangxi eleventh year (1672) Yunnan Wu Sangui cast, Qian Wen Seal Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.6 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 3.4 g (Figure 7).
Figure 7 Front and back
Fourth, Yongzheng Tongbao, 5 pieces, Shizong Yongzheng first year (1723) began to cast, Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 ~ 2.7 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.08 ~ 0.1 cm, weight 3.8 ~ 4 grams.
Fifth, Qianlong Tongbao, 736 pieces, begun to be minted in the first year of Emperor Gaozong's Qianlong (1736), which can be divided into 11 types according to the different money bureaus of the money back minting land:
I. Style: Quan Bureau, Qian Wen Zhenshu, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, "Long" character missing pen, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.6 g (Figure 8).
Fig. 8 Front and back
Type II: Quan Bureau, Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.4 g. Type III: Source Bureau, Qian Wen Zhenshu, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4.5 g.
Type IV: Su Bureau, Qian WenZhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.8 g.
V. style: Wu Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.1 g.
VI. style: clothing bureau, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 5 g.
Type VII. : Changju, Qian Wenzhen, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.2 g.
Type VIII: South Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.3 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.2 g.
IX. Style: Zhejiang Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.5 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4 Grams.
X. style: Cloud Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.5 g.
XI. style: Gui Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.3 grams.
XII. style: Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, light back, diameter 2.2 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.8 grams.
Sixth, Jiaqing Tongbao, 431 pieces, minted in the first year of Renzong Jiaqing (1796), according to the different money bureaus of the money back minting can be divided into 7 types:
I. Type: Quan Bureau, Qian Wen Zhenshu, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4.2 g.
Type II. : Source Bureau, Qian WenZhenshu, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.6 g.
Fig. 9 Front and back
Iii. Style: Gui Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.5 cm, Wear Width 0.5 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.8 g (Figure 9).
Type IV: Changju, Qian Wenzhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.1 g.
V. style: Zhejiang Bureau, Qian Wenzhen book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.2 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.05 cm, weight 1.7 grams.
VI. style: Cloud Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 5 grams.
Type VII. : Guangju, Qian Wenzhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.8 grams.
Seventh, Daoguang Tongbao, 647 pieces, xuanzong Daoguang first year (1821) began to be minted, according to the money back minting land money bureau can be divided into 7 types:
I. Style: Quan Bureau, Qian Wen Zhenshu, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4 Grams.
Type II: Source Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.2 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.15 Cm, Weight 4.7 g.
Iii. Type: Guangju, Qian Wenzhen, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.4 cm, Wear Width 0.5 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 3.8 g.
Type IV: Gui Bureau, Qian WenZhenshu, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.5 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4.6 g.
V. style: Cloud Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4.8 g.
VI. style: East Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.5 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4 grams.
VII. Changju, Qian Wenzhen, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.2 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.08 cm, weight 1.9 g.
Eighth, Xianfeng Tongbao, 119 pieces, minted in the first year of Wenzong Xianfeng (1851), according to the money bureau of the money back minting land can be divided into 3 types:
I. Type: Cloud Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.5 cm, Wear Width 0.5 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4.1 g.
Type II: Gui Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.2 cm, Wear Width 0.5 Cm, Thickness 0.09 Cm, Weight 2.5 G.
Iii. Style: Changju, Qian Wenzhen, straight reading, narrow rim, diameter 1.9 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 1.4 g.
Ninth, Xianfeng Heavy Treasure, 1 piece, folded ten coins, Qian Wen Zhenshu, pair reading, middle rim, diameter 3.9 cm, wear width 0.8 cm, thickness 0.2 cm, weight 19 grams.
Tenth, Tongzhi Tongbao, 84 pieces, Muzong Tongzhi first year (1862) began to be minted, according to the money back minting land money bureau can be divided into 2 types:
I. Style: Cloud Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Middle Rim, Diameter 2.5 cm, Wear Width 0.5 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 4.2 g.
Type II: Zhejiang Bureau, Qian Wenzhen Book, Straight Reading, Narrow Rim, Diameter 1.9 cm, Wear Width 0.6 Cm, Thickness 0.1 Cm, Weight 2.7 g.
The eleventh, Guangxu Tongbao, 20 pieces, dezong Guangxu first year (1875) began to cast, only one minting of money bureau Yunnan Provincial Bureau "Cloud" Bureau, Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle edge, diameter 2.4 cm, wear width 0.5 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 4 grams.
6. Copper dollars
Copper dollars can be divided into three categories: Guangxu Yuanbao, Great Qing Copper Coins, and Republic of China Copper Dollars.
First, 14 Guangxu Yuanbao, cast during the Guangxu period of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908), were all ten copper yuan, which can be divided into 7 types according to the different places where qianwen was minted:
I. style: 1 piece, Qian Wen zhenshu, reading, cast on the top "Made in Henan Province" under the cast "when making money ten texts", right minting money bureau Manchu "river" character, money back dragon pattern, diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7 grams.
Type II: 1 piece, Qian Wen zhenshu, reading, cast on the "Made in Hunan Province" under the rust, money back dragon pattern, 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 6.8 grams.
III. style: 2 pieces, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, casting on the "Fujian Official Bureau" under the casting of "each coin when the money is ten texts", the back of the money dragon pattern, diameter 2.7 cm, thickness 0.5 cm, weight 7 grams.
IV. Style: 1 piece, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, cast on "Made in Guangdong Province" and cast "Ten Yuan for Money Per Dollar", cast in the middle of the Treasure Guangju Manchu, Qian Beibao Dragon Pattern, diameter 2.7 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 6.8 grams.
V. style: 2 pieces, Qian Wen zhenshu, reading, casting "made in Jiangsu Province" on the top and "ten yuan for making money per yuan", right minting money bureau Manchu "Su" character, money back dragon pattern, diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7 grams.
VI. style: 3 pieces, Qian Wen zhenshu, reading, casting "Zhejiang Province" on the top and casting "Dang Ten" on the bottom, right minting Money Bureau Manchu "Zhejiang" character, qian back dragon pattern, diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7 grams.
Type VII. Type: 4 pieces, Qian Wenzhen Book, reading, cast on the "Hubei Province" and cast under the "Dang Ten", the qian back dragon pattern, diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7.2 grams.
Second, 8 copper coins of the Great Qing Dynasty, minted during the Guangxu period of Emperor Dezong (1875-1908), were all ten copper dollars, which can be divided into 5 types according to the minting place of qianxin qianwen:
I. style: 3 pieces, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, Qian Xin cast Hubei abbreviated "E" character, on the minted coin year number "Bing Wu" (1906), under the minted "when the money ten text", the back of the money dragon pattern, the back of the coin cast "Guangxu Nianzao" diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7.2 grams.
II. Style: 1 piece, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, Qian Xin cast Hunan abbreviated as "Xiang" character, on the minted coin year number "Bing Wu" (1906), under the mint "when making money ten texts", the back of the money dragon pattern, the back of the coin cast "Guangxu Nianzao" diameter of 2.8 cm, thickness of 0.15 cm, weight 7.2 grams.
III. style: 1 piece, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, Qianxin Minting Qian Bureau Directly affiliated bureau abbreviated as "straight" character, on the minted money year number "Bing Wu" (1906), under the minted "when the money ten text", the back of the money dragon pattern, the back of the coin cast "Guangxu Nianzao" diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7.5 grams.
IV. Style: 1 piece, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, Qianxin Minting Bureau Nanjing Bureau abbreviated as "Ning" character, on the minted money year number "Ding Mo" (1907), under the minted "when the money is made of ten texts", the back of the money is dragon pattern, the back of the coin is cast "Guangxu Nianzao" diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7.5 grams.
V. style: 2 pieces, Qian Wen Zhenshu, reading, left and right minting money year number "Ding Mo" (1907), under the casting of "when making money ten texts", money back dragon pattern, money back cast "Guangxu Nianzao" diameter 2.8 cm, thickness 0.15 cm, weight 7.2 grams.
Third, the Republic of China copper dollar.
The Republic of China copper dollar is divided into 3 types:
I. type: 2 commemorative coins of the founding of the Republic of China, Tianjin Mint was minted in the first year of the Republic of China (1912) to commemorate the founding of the Republic of China, the money was minted with the Nine Star Flag and the Ancient Cloth Banner, the "Republic of China" was cast on the top, the "Founding Commemorative Coin" was minted on the bottom, the back of the coin was minted "Ten Texts", the real book, the direct reading, the diameter was 2.8 cm, the thickness was 0.1 cm, and the weight was 6.2 grams.
II. Type: 2 ancient cloth coins of the 28th year of the Republic of China, the money is cast with nine star flags and ancient cloth flags, the upper minting "Republic of China", the lower minting "Dang Ten Copper Dollars", the back of the money flower pattern, the diameter is 2.8 cm, the thickness is 0.1 cm, and the weight is 6.5 grams.
III., Hunan copper yuan 1 piece, Qian Wenzhen book, reading, Qian Xin opened a 0.5 cm round hole, cast on the "Republic of China", the lower has been rusted, the back of the coin is cast with a nine-star pattern, the diameter is 2.8 cm, the thickness is 0.1 cm, and the weight is 6.3 grams.
7. Vietnamese coins
First, Shuntian Yuanbao, 1 piece, the Later Li Dynasty Taizu Shuntian yuan year In April (1428) began to cast, Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle edge, the font is not very regular, diameter 2 4 cm, wear width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.1 cm, weight 3.6 grams.
Second, Jingxing Tongbao, 1 piece, cast during the Later Li Dynasty (1740-1786), Qian Wenzhen Book, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wearing width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.09 cm, weight 2.8 grams.
Third, Jingxing Giant Treasure, 1 piece, cast after the twenty-third year (1762) of the Later Li Dynasty Emperor Jingxing, Qian Wenzhen Book, pair reading, middle rim, back wide rim, diameter 2.4 cm, wearing width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.08 cm, weight 3 grams.
Fourth, Jialong Tongbao, 1 piece, cast during the Nguyen Sai Thi ThiĐạng period (1802-1819) in Vietnam, Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.3 cm, wearing width 0.6 cm, thickness 0.05 cm, weight 1.5 g.
8. Japanese Coins
Kuan Yong Tong Bao, 13 pieces, (1626-1867) cast, Qian Wen Zhenshu, straight reading, middle rim, diameter 2.3 cm, wear width 0.7 cm, thickness 0.07 cm, weight 2.2 g.
Napo County is located in the southwest border of Guangxi, bordering The two provinces of Gao Binh and Ha Giang in Vietnam in the south, and Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan in the west, with complex terrain and inconvenient transportation, it is one of the important gateways of the Border between China and Vietnam, and also an important part of the ancient Tea Horse Ancient Road in southwest Guizhou. The coins collected by the Napo County Museum have certain reference value for studying the history and culture of Napo and the development of the commodity economy in southwest Guizhou.
Originally published in the Fourth Series of Guangxi Museum Anthology