The Whampoa Military Academy Memorial Hall, located on Changzhou Island in Huangpu, Guangzhou, is a new type of military school established by Sun Yat-sen during the Great Revolution with the help of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union. Sun Yat-sen took "creating a revolutionary army to save China's peril" as the purpose of running the school, and took "Dear and Sincere" as the school motto, learned from the Soviet Union's experience in army building, and cultivated revolutionary military talents. The gathering of heroes and famous generals in military academies is of great significance in China's modern history and military history.
Introduction to the premises
According to relevant data, the original building environment has changed greatly, and only 26,000 square meters remain. The buildings are: sitting south to north of the school headquarters, in front of the Pearl River, hanging on the "Army Officer School" plaque, during the War of Resistance Against Japan was blown up by Japanese aircraft, rebuilt in 1996; Premier Sun Yat-sen Memorial Room, commonly known as "Sun Yat-sen's Former Residence", is a 2-story building, an area of 345 square meters, was originally the former site of the Huangpu Branch of Guangdong Customs, Sun Yat-sen once took a nap here, after Sun Yat-sen's death, opened as Premier Sun Sun's memorial room; Sun Yat-sen Monument; Club, an area of 2070 square meters, is a place for military school teachers and students to gather and cultural entertainment. The "Blood Flower Drama Society" led by the Political Department of the Military Academy is also located here; two swimming pools, which have been repaired and restored; the tomb of the martyrs of the Eastern Crusade; and the Jishen Park, built to commemorate Vice President Li Jishen, and there are still memorials to the Jiaosi Pavilion and the Northern Expedition.
The Whampoa Military Academy is rich in historical sites and integrated with mountains and rivers, and has initially reproduced its former style, and is a good place to visit and a good place to conduct patriotic education.
Reasons for site selection
First, in the 2020s, various warlords dominated one side, and the Yunnan-Guizhou warlords occupied Guangzhou. At that time, Sun Yat-sen chose to run a military academy on an isolated island far from the city, in order to avoid the control and interference of warlords;
Second, the island has a quiet environment, surrounded by water on all sides, with many forts, and the Yuzhu Fort opposite the river, the side sand road fort forming a three-legged standing momentum, guarding and controlling the river surface, easy to defend and difficult to attack, easy to learn and practice martial arts;
Third, Sun Yat-sen was very familiar with Cheung Chau Island, he had visited the island many times, and knew that the school building of the Qing Army Primary School on the island was still there, and with a little repair, it could be used, and it could also save a lot of manpower and funds.
The former site of the Whampoa Military Academy is now a national key cultural relics protection unit.
History
According to relevant data, the Whampoa Military Academy has enrolled 6 sessions on Cheung Chau Island. Students come from 26 provinces and include revolutionary youth from North Korea, Vietnam, Singapore and other countries. The first to fourth periods graduated a total of 4981 graduates during the First Civil Revolutionary War. The fifth and sixth phases were enrolled during the first civil revolutionary war, and graduated after the split of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, with a total of 3136 graduates, of which more than 4400 were originally students in the sixth period, and most of them left the school due to turmoil, and only 718 graduated at the time of graduation.
In March 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), the Whampoa Military Academy moved to Nanjing and was renamed the Central Army Officer School. After the Whampoa Military Academy moved north, Li Jishen still trained cadres for the Eighth Route Army in the name of the Whampoa Military Academy at the original school site. In September 1930 (the 19th year of the Republic of China), Chiang Kai-shek ordered its suspension. In 1938, Japanese aircraft bombed Cheung Chau Island, and the headquarters of the school was razed to the ground. In 1984, the memorial hall of the former site of the Whampoa Military Academy was established. In 1996, the school headquarters was rebuilt in accordance with the principle of "original location, original scale and original appearance" issued by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and the place where teachers and students of the military academy lived and studied was basically restored.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the former site of the Whampoa Military Academy was destroyed. In 1964, a major renovation was made and the original appearance was basically restored. In 1984, the Whampoa Military Academy Former Site Memorial Hall was established, and the memorial buildings of the former military school site include the main gate of the Military Academy, the Sun Yat-sen Monument, the Former Residence of Zhongshan, the Club, the Swimming Pool and the Tomb of the Martyrs of the Crusade. The former site and history of the Whampoa Military Academy vividly show the history of the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in the period of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. The former site of the Whampoa Military Academy is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
The students of the Whampoa Military Academy have participated in revolutionary wars many times and made great contributions to the cause of the Chinese revolution. The military academy has three top leaders: Sun Yat-sen, the premier of the school, Chiang Kai-shek, the president, and Liao Zhongkai, the party representative. In the Chinese five of the ten marshals of the People's Liberation Army were from the Whampoa Military Academy: Xu Xiangqian, Ye Jianying, Nie Rongzhen, Lin Biao, and Chen Yi.
Three of the first ten plastered generals of the People's Liberation Army were also from the Whampoa Military Academy: Chen Geng, Xu Guangda, and Luo Ruiqing. Zhou Enlai, Tao Zhu, Liu Zhidan and Zuo Quan also worked and studied at the Whampoa Military Academy. They made significant contributions to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people. Among the generals of the Kuomintang army, hundreds of famous generals who graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy included Du Yuming, Hu Zongnan, Deng Yanda, Song Xilian, and Chen Cheng.
Basic display
Exhibition of Historical Sites of Whampoa Military Academy
According to relevant data, through more than 200 photographs and more than 100 cultural relics, the exhibition vividly reproduces the glory of the Whampoa Military Academy through the three parts of "The Whampoa Years," "Changes in the Military Academy," and "Love for Huangpu," and the heroic struggles of Huangpu teachers and students, without fear of sacrifice, and the remarkable military achievements made in the history of reunifying Guangdong, establishing the Guangdong revolutionary base area, the Northern Expedition, and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
In cooperation with the Guangdong Artists Association, Huangpu Qunying Oil Painting Museum creatively recreates the generals and celebrities of the Whampoa Military Academy in the form of oil paintings. According to relevant data, the exhibition exhibits a total of 42 oil paintings, including Sun Yat-sen, Liao Zhongkai, Chiang Kai-shek, Zhou Enlai and other Huangpu celebrities, allowing people to understand the heroes of the Whampoa Military Academy from a more emotional and more symbolic perspective.
The picture shows the principal's living room.
The Whampoa Military Academy is a military school full of heroes, producing many famous military leaders, many of the ten marshals graduated here, such as Xu Xiangqian, Ye Jianying, Nie Rongzhen, Lin Biao and Chen Yi. The three leaders of the school, Sun Yat-sen, the president Chiang Kai-shek, and the party representative Liao Zhongkai, are also famous, so the Whampoa Military Academy can be said to be a symbol of China's modern history, also known as China's "West Point Military Academy".
In 1938, it was destroyed by Japanese aircraft bombing, leaving only the tattered gate pillars, which were not basically restored until a large-scale renovation in 1964, and the memorial hall of the former site of the Whampoa Military Academy can now be seen, which is rebuilt in 1996. (The pictures and text in this article are from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete.) ）