In 2004, China established the "China Arctic Yellow River Station" in Svalbard, and China conducted scientific research in the Arctic.
However, when expeditions from other countries entered Svalbard, they were kept out because they had no right to conduct scientific expeditions here.
There are more than two hundred countries in the world, and only fifty-one countries can operate here, including China. The reason why China was able to establish the Yellow River station here and conduct Arctic expeditions depended on the Treaty of Svalbard, a treaty signed by China a hundred years ago.
Located in the Arctic Ocean, Svalbard is part of Norway and has a large number of natural resources.
After the resources of Svalbard were discovered, many Europeans began to go there to compete for resources, and at that time, Norway was more competitive and did not know the attack of Europeans, so Svalbard became the object of everyone's robbery.
But it is not a solution for everyone to keep robbing like this, and there needs to be a system to manage them. After some consultation, the Europeans decided to sign a treaty together, and everyone should do things according to the contents of the treaty, and they could not just fool around.
In 1920, eighteen countries, including Britain, the United States and France, signed the Treaty of Svalbard, and everyone developed Svalbard together and forbade one person to eat alone.
In 1925, in order to protect its interests in China, France forced the Beiyang government to sign a treaty. The Beiyang government heard that the French wanted them to sign a treaty to jointly develop an archipelago, and the Beiyang government was also confused.
At that time, the warlords were fighting, and Duan Qirui was busy with the war, and there was time to delve into these fine leaves, so he agreed and found a person to go to Europe to sign a treaty. Later, Duan Qirui forgot about this matter, and he didn't care at all.
Although Duan Qirui did not care at all, the treaty was valid, and China could freely enter and leave Svalbard in accordance with the contents of the treaty and establish a research base.
For those countries that have not signed the treaty, they can only watch from a distance, they have no right to enter Svalbard.
References: History of the Beiyang Warlords, Treaty of Svalbard, etc