There are millions of households in The Northern Liang, how many of them are covered with dry bones in iron?
Gong Ming paid a pot of wine, and asked how much earth the emperor would throw?
Rabbits walk in the mountains, sleeping foxes in the forest, and swallow the country like a tiger.
Pearl ten Hu, slush red furnace, plain hands into a lonely waist.
100,000 crossbows, countless shots.
Millions of heads, rolling down the road.
This is the "Northern Liang Song" parodyed by the author in the online novel "The Sword Line in the Snow", which is composed of ancient sentences, bluffing, quite a lot of nonsense, and is the inferior work of rarely written ancient poets. As this 4 million-word online novel was "magically reformed" (which has little to do with the original) into a TV series, people became curious about the "North Starling Iron Horse" in it.
In the original work, "Bei starling" was written as "Beiliang", and I don't know why the TV series was changed to such a strange word.
"Northern Liang" is a regime that really existed during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, counting the Great Liang after escaping to the Turpan Basin, but in 64 years, it was the last regime in the Sixteen Kingdoms to be destroyed.
Dunhuang Cave 275 Northern Liang Period murals
In novels and TV series, it is said that "the northern cool iron riding armor world", there are as many as 300,000, which is absolutely impossible. Historically, the territory of Northern Liang was small, the national strength was poor, and it did not have the ability to cross the world. In the TV series, starting with Xu Fengnian and others stealing sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes were only introduced to China in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, until 1914, the sweet potato planting area accounted for only 1% of the total planting area, and the output was 2%, while the planting area of corn in the same period had reached 4%. At this time, hot weapons have become popular, and iron horses have long been the key to victory.
Artistic creation is not history and can be handled flexibly, but there are too many unreasonable points in "The Knife In the Snow" that may mislead the audience.
Send troops to the west to receive senior monks
Beiliang was one of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, and at its peak, it held western Gansu, and in addition occupied a small part of Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and other places, that is, "controlling the western region in the west, exhausting the river in the east, tasting Shazhou in Jiuquan and Qinzhou in Zhangye; while Liangzhou still ruled Guzang, the former Liang old soil, and a few were dying", with an area of only 139,000 square kilometers.
The founding of the Northern Liang Dynasty is related to the Former Qin Dynasty. According to the Book of Jin:
Jian Jian, who was in Shandong and strong in his horses, had the ambition to map the Western Regions, and he was given the title of envoy (Lü) Guang, the Governor of the West, and led the generals Jiang Fei, Peng Huang, Du Jin, kang sheng and other generals to 70,000 troops, and 5,000 iron horses to please the western regions. With Longxi Dongfang, Feng Yiguo Bao, Wuwei Jia Qian, and Hongnong Yang Ying as the four generals.
Why use troops to the west?
On the one hand, Former Qin took Chang'an as its capital, and the West had no danger to defend, and it was necessary to take the initiative to defend itself. The Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, with Chang'an as their capital, used troops to the west many times. However, there are many sandbars in the western region, unable to feed the army, and the strategic value is not high, but the Silk Road straddles here, which can bring more wealth.
On the other hand, He jian worshiped the Buddha, and this move "has the intention of welcoming (Kuma) Rosh". Kumarosh was one of the translators of the four major Buddhist scriptures of Chinese Buddhism, and when he preached in Yanqi and Guizi, zhongyuan also knew much about his reputation. Therefore, after Lü Guang entered the Western Regions, he immediately destroyed Guizi and abducted Kumarosh to Liangzhou (now part of Wuwei, Gansu, the second largest city in the northwest during the Han and Tang Dynasties), where Kumarosh stayed for sixteen or seven years.
Lü Guang was a famous general under The Gong Jian,氐人. In his army, Yang Ying was a particularly noteworthy general from the Yang clan of Hongnong (after Yang Zhen, a famous eastern Han dynasty minister, he played an important role in the Guanlong nobility), and he and his relatives and descendants held important positions in the "Four Liang" (Later Liang, Northern Liang, Southern Liang, And Western Liang) regimes.
The "honest people" are forced to rebel
After Lü Guang was appointed commander of the Western Expeditionary Army, he was reluctant to go to the Western Regions, "marching to Gaochang (southeast of present-day Gaochang District, Turpan, Xinjiang), Wen (苻) Jiankou Jin, (Lü) Guang wanted to be more ordered", that is, waiting for the order, his Han general Du Jin suggested that the soldiers be fast, which was adopted by Lü Guang.
After occupying the Western Regions, Du Jin also said that he saw a "dragon elephant" outside Lü Guang's military camp, saying: "The dragon is a divine beast, and the elephant of man's power is seen." "Yi": See the dragon in the field, Deschpu also. Si Chengming general Dao He Linghe, Defu Yu Xian. May the general encourage him to become a great celebration. "Suggest Lü Guang divide.
Soon, Jian Jian was defeated at the Battle of Shuishui, and the various departments of Former Qin became independent, and Lü Guang also took the opportunity to build the State of Daliang, that is, Houliang, which once occupied more than 200 square kilometers of land.
Xie Bin Huai Shu played Jietu
In the process of independence, Du Jinju made great contributions, so that his subordinate Duan Ye also had to be heavily weighted by Lü Guangqi. According to the Book of Jin, "Duan Ye, Jing Zhaoren also." Bo is involved in historical legends, has the talent of the ruler, for Du Jin's record room, from the sign of the table. But he was a secretary, and Lü Guang was born in the army, "not happy to read, only good eagle horses", why would he appreciate Duan Ye?
Because after Lü Guang ascended to the throne, he listened to the rumors of his nephew Shi Cong, killed Du Jin, or was uneasy in his heart, and there were many Han people in Houliang's jurisdiction, and he urgently needed Han staff. There were many famous generals under Lü Guang's account, and once they were delegated, they often supported the army and respected themselves and fought each other. So much so that Lü Guang later sent a general to fight, demanding that his family must be pledged to the capital.
Duan Ye was weak in appearance and had no power to plot, and Lü Guang was more at ease with him. Later, Duan Ye was simply appointed as the Taishou of Jiankang (present-day Wuwei City, Gansu), and unexpectedly, Duan Ye also chose independence.
In 397, Duan Ye called himself Liangzhou Mu, Northern Liang became independent, and Hexi Xianbei bald-haired Wu Lonely also took the opportunity to become independent, and built Nanliang, which coexisted for a while and three liangs.
Why did even "honest people" like Duan Ye rebel? One is that Duan Ye is still dissatisfied with Du Jin's unjust killing, and the other is that there are cruel people behind him.
Really cruel people hiding behind
The fierce person behind Duan Ye is Depressed Canal Mengxun.
According to historical records, Mengxun of The Depression Canal was Lu Shuihu, whose ancestors served as the Depressed Canal Official of the Xiongnu, and later referred to the official as a surname. In ancient times, "Hu" generally referred to the Huns, but Lu Shuihu was more controversial. Lushui is in Luxishui, west of present-day Xining, Qinghai, which was once the homeland of the Yue people. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, the Yue clan split, and those who migrated west were called the Great Moon Clan, and those who mixed with the Qiang people were called the Xiao Yue Clan.
It is generally believed that Lu Shuihu was a member of the Xiaoyue clan, but it may also be a mixture of the Xiongnu and the Xiaoyue clan. After all, according to the "Chronicle of History", The Depression Canal is a high-ranking official second only to the "Left and Right Corpses and Bones Of the Marquis", "the big one rides ten thousand horses, the small one thousand thousand", belonging to the aristocratic caste.
According to Despondent Mengxun himself, his ancestors fought side by side with the Eastern Han general Dou Rong.
According to historical records: "Gao Zuhui Zhonggui (沮渠 Mengxun) and great-grandfather Zhao, all of whom were xiongjian and brave. Zu Qi Fuyan, King of Fengdidi. His father, Fa Hong, attacked the lord, and the Toshi clan thought that Nakata was a protector. "It is possible that the Depressed Qu clan has always existed in tribal form, with strong military strength, and all parties are bound, and they cannot but grant false titles."
Frustrated Qu Mengxun was resolute and fierce, "knowledgeable in the history of the group, quite aware of astronomy, heroic and strategic, funny and good at power change", and even Lü Guang was "strange and afraid".
Frustrated Canal Mengxun's uncles Frustrated Canal Luo Qiu and Frustrated Canal Qi (pronounced Ruqu) Porridge were sent by Lü Guang to fight, and the two saw that Lü Guang's former army was defeated, so they plotted a rebellion, but the matter did not succeed, and they were killed by Lü Guang.
On the day of the funeral, more than 10,000 relatives came from the Depressed Canal family, and the Depressed Canal Mengxun raised his arms and rebelled. Frustrated Qu Mengxun was worried that the crowd would not be convinced, so he consulted with his cousin Frustrated Qu Nancheng and jointly promoted Duan Ye, who had a good reputation, to serve as the governor of dadu.
Duan Ye left a way back for himself
Why does Duan Ye dare to pick up? Because he had the general Ma Quan under him, this person was "cool and relaxed, and his martial arts were superior." The problem is that the Ma family and the Depressed Canal family are feuds.
Ma Quan was also a native of Lushuihu, and the Frustrated Qu family had long been appointed as the Protector of Nakata, and The frustrated Qu Mengxun's father and uncle had all served in this position, but when the rebellion, the Ma family stole the ancestral position of the Frustrated Qu family.
After Duan Ye ascended to the throne, he took Ma Quan as Zhangye Taishou (張掖太守), "even seeing relatives and respecting, every light tomb (depressed canal) Mengxun." Monson also grumbled." Frustrated, Monson then went into the slander: "The world is not enough to worry about, but to worry about the horse's power." Sure enough, it caused Duan Ye to worry, and he soon killed Ma Quan.
Duan Ye dared to kill Ma Quan because he found a replacement, Frustrated Canal Male Cheng.
After the coup d'état. Frustrated Canal Nancheng began to expand his sphere of influence, and at one point pushed Depressed Canal Mengxun to the edge. Duan Ye was originally afraid of Depression and let him serve as the Taishou of Xi'an. Xi'an County is a newly established county, and in the east of Zhangye, it is obvious that the frustration canal Mengxun wants to roll away.
In addition to reusing The Depressed Canal Male Cheng, Duan Ye also laid out a chess hand - reusing Li Yu (yin Ruhao). Li Kuan was a han general after Li Guang, when the Han and Hu people in dunhuang were mixed, and both sides were competing for local administration and reusing Li Kuan, which caused dissatisfaction among the local Suo family, and once persuaded Duan Ye to depose Li Kuan. But the Suo family sent someone to kill Li Huan, and Duan Ye turned to support Li Huan and suppressed the Suo family, thus offending both sides once and for all.
Frustrated Canal Mengxun and Frustrated Canal Male Cheng agreed to go to Lanmen Mountain together to sacrifice, and at the same time secretly told Duan Ye that Depressed Canal Male Cheng was preparing for a rebellion. Duan Ye believed that it was true and sent someone to kill The Depressed Canal Man Cheng. Frustrated Qu Mengxun took the opportunity to raise an army, crying and saying: "(Depressed Qu) Male Cheng was loyal to Duan Gong and was slaughtered in vain. ”
Duan Ye's men were no longer famous, and they could not resist at all, and they were killed by Frustrated Qu Mengxun and reigned for only 4 years.
Pretending to be rich starved to death his own people
Although Mengxun stole the power of Northern Liang, Li Xuan took the opportunity to become independent and built Xiliang, and the three liangs became four liangs, plus one of the Western Qin, Longxi Xianbei Qifu Guoren, built another Later Qin, and the five regimes competed for the Area around the Hexi Corridor, and the local resources could not bear it at all.
Frustrated, Monson adopted an unusually intelligent strategy, that is, to lure all sides to compete for wuwei and enter the inner circle to fight.
On the surface, after entering the inner circle, it occupies the middle position, can get more resources, and the distance to send troops is greatly shortened, and the northern cool has been shrunk at the edge. However, when the great powers really entered the inner circle, they found that they had entered the land of the four wars, and the remaining parties would rise up and attack them in groups for their own safety. As a result, whoever enters the inner circle will soon decline.
After several twists and turns, Houliang and Xiliang were destroyed, and Nanliang was also hollowed out, "The Thirty-six Kingdoms of the Western Regions are all called subjects to contribute." Beiliang is the last laugh regime in Zhuliang, but this is not by any "Northern Liang Iron Horse", but by the trickery of The Depressed Canal Mengxun. Moreover, Most of the northern Liang has desolate land in the western region, and the strength of Western Qin is not at all on the same level, and the size of the cavalry can never reach 300,000.
Depressed Canal Mengxun attaches great importance to agriculture, so the economy of Beiliang is stronger than that of Zhuliang. Northern Liang once marched on Hou Liang, "Depressed Canal Mengxun and Falong (referring to Lü Long, Lü Guang's nephew, the last monarch of Hou Liang), Long defeated it, Meng Xun please and allied, leaving Gu Wanyu Hu to relieve the hungry." Guzang (now part of Wuwei, Gansu, the capital of Northern Liang at that time) was expensive, with 5,000 yuan of money, cannibalism, and more than 100,000 starvation deaths." This means that Mengxun fought against the outside world and gave grain to the other side for disaster relief, and as a result, his own country caused a famine. But the fact that Mengxun dared to do so showed that he was optimistic about the production capacity of Beiliang.
Don't think of him as a hero
In his later years, Monson was "absurd and mischievous, and the crowd suffered." Lu Shuihu's custom is the inheritance system of the eldest son, and the frustrated Canal Mengxun himself is the eldest son, so he has established three times of life: Depressed Canal Zhengde, Frustrated Canal Xingguo, and Depressed Canal Bodhi.
Frustrated Canal Zhengde was killed by Rou Ran, frustrated Canal Xingguo was captured by Western Qin, and had to establish Frustrated Canal Bodhi as his son, but in the end it was Shuqu Muqian who succeeded to the throne, and since then the history books have never mentioned Depression Canal Bodhi, apparently there was a palace coup, and Depression Canal Bodhi was executed, which shook the legitimacy of the Northern Liang regime.
When the Northern Wei Dynasty besieged Guzang, no one came to help, "(Depressed Canal) Mu Qian's brother Zu Yuecheng surrendered, knowing his feelings, Shizu (Tuoba Tao) led the armies to attack." Brother Mu Qian's brother Wannian led his men to descend again." Guzang set up heavy troops, strong defensive ability, but up and down centrifugal, Northern Liang died.
The Northern Liang imperial family had no choice but to flee westward, and The Depressed Canal once occupied Shanshan, and the King of Shanshan had no choice but to flee. The land was narrow and there was not enough to raise troops, so he had no choice but to further capture Gaochang and divide the territory here. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the eastern side of the Turpan Basin belonged to Gaochang, and the western side returned to che shiguo, and cheshiguo contacted northern Wei many times to jointly attack northern Liang.
Frustrated Qu died shortly thereafter, and his heir Frustrated Qu'an was in contact with Liu Song of the Southern Dynasty on Monday, while the westward overland route had been blocked by Northern Wei, and the envoys had to go to Sichuan first, and then to Liu Song by water, which would take two or three months. Previously, Mengxun had been in contact with Liu Jinu, who asked him to send troops to attack Western Qin, and Mengxun also agreed, but in fact did not send a single soldier, until Liu Jinu occupied Xi'an, he was surprised.
Frustrated Qu Mengxun is known as a great hero, but the pattern is not large, there is no insight, relying on intrigue and trickery to succeed for a while, failure is sooner or later. Imagining Beiliang as a golden iron horse and full of pride is purely the product of excessive boredom in the bookstore. (Editor-in-Charge: Shen Feng)