01
Appearance, things since ancient times have been very concerned about a thing, now people pay attention to people's appearance, nothing more than a person is not good-looking, handsome, not beautiful and so on, but the ancients' attention to appearance, in addition to good looks, but also pay attention to a kind of appearance called "heterogeneous".
The "different" here does not simply refer to weirdness, but also refers to "strange", "divine anomaly", for the ancients, people with "heterogeneity" are generally not mortals, such as the black mole on Liu Bang's feet, the heavy pupils of Xiang Yu and Cangjie, the four nipples of King Wen of Zhou, etc., are all representative products of "heterogeneity". 、
02
And zhu Yuanzhang, who is also the emperor who recreated China, naturally also inevitably has some special anomalies, when he was born, the fire was full of rooms, and some anecdotes encountered in the process of growing up were small things, the most amazing thing was that in the construction of Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance later, Zhu Yuanzhang gradually evolved into two faces, one face is a relatively kind and upright image, and the other face is a strange "shoehorn face", and it is this strange "shoehorn face" that makes Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance cause great controversy on the Internet.
On the one hand, many people firmly believe that this is the true face of Zhu Yuanzhang, other appearances are the Ming Dynasty government's deliberate beautification of Zhu Yuanzhang, on the other hand, many "Ming fans" firmly believe that this "shoehorn face" is the Manchu Qing's deliberate ugliness of Zhu Yuanzhang, so they scold the Manchu Qing, so why does Zhu Yuanzhang have two looks, and why is one of them so peculiar? How did this look come about? What does the real Zhu Yuanzhang look like? Is the shoehorn face really a deliberate ugliness of the Manchu Qing to Zhu Yuanzhang?
03
First of all, according to the Qing Xiu "History of Ming", Zhu Yuanzhang did have a peculiar appearance, when Guo Zixing revolted in Haozhou, Zhu Yuanzhang went to defect, was arrested by the guards who believed to be a spy of the Yuan Dynasty, and pressed in front of Guo Zixing, Guo Zixing "strange appearance" personally untied him, and into the account, but also married the daughter of an old friend to him.
However, according to Zhu Yuanzhang's own recollection of his deeds when he was in the army, he was not summoned by Guo Zixing, nor did he see his appearance; he was arrested and imprisoned for a long time before being released, and he was put into account as an ordinary infantryman.
"So he decided to enter Haocheng, and from the first day of March to the first day of March, the gate keepers of the city gates did not help but complain, but insisted on killing them. He was released for a long time and was taken as a pawn. He enlisted in the army for more than two months and was a pro-soldier. - "Imperial Dream"
04
And at the beginning, Guo Zixing's decision to marry a daughter was not because of appearance, according to the record of the "Chuyang Wang Temple Stele", at that time, Guo Zixing's wife Zhang Shi thought that Zhu Yuanzhang "behaved abnormally", that is to say, Zhu Yuanzhang's talent was beyond ordinary people, so guo Zixing was allowed to marry a daughter.
However, in the Qing Dynasty Mao Qiling's "Records of the History of Tong of the Victorious Dynasty", it became that Zhang Believed that Zhu Yuanzhang had "a very different appearance", so he persuaded Guo Zixing to marry a daughter. From these historical inferences, we can know that the so-called Zhu Yuanzhang was directly promoted to a pro-soldier because of his "strange appearance" is false, Zhu Yuanzhang's own self-statement and the earliest original historical materials are inconsistent with this situation record, and the incident of being promoted to a pro-soldier and a married woman with a strange appearance should be the reason for the multi-level changes in the dissemination of later historical materials.
So where did Zhu Yuanzhang's theory of dissimilarity originate?
Obviously not during the Hongwu period, because Zhu Yuanzhang himself did not say anything about similar incidents. According to the research, this theory may have originated from the Yongle period, by the famous Wenchen Xie Jin's "Tianhuang Jade Disk" recorded that Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance was strange and was seen by the Xiangshi and avoided, and later Zhu Di solemnly built the Xiaoling Sacred Virtue Monument, especially depicting Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance as "the dragon's hair is long and lush, but the odd bone on the necklace is hidden to the top, the majesty of the heavens, looking like a god", the odd bone bulge from the neck to the top, it can indeed be said to be "divine".
05
When the Yongle Dynasty compiled the "Records of Ming Taizu", there were many descriptions of Zhu Yuanzhang's various divine appearances, such as "slightly longer, majestic posture, ambition, solitude, and unpredictable", while the "History of Ming" synthesized the "Records of Ming Taizu" and the Xiaoling Stone Stele to form a description of "posture and majesty, strange bones, zhiyi contouring, and unpredictable people".
Of course, Zhu Di's depiction of the appearance of the old father in this way is not arbitrary, but specially based on "Xiangshu", so in the "Records of Ming Taizu", there are many xiangshurs' descriptions of the connection between appearance and "Destiny of Heaven" and "Wealth".
06
So why did Zhu Di portray the deep connection between Zhu Yuanzhang's "natural vision" and "possession of a destiny" so specially?
The reason is very simple, because Zhu Di himself is not righteous, he seized the throne under the banner of Jingnan, but the usurpation of the throne has never been legitimate, so Zhu Di reshaped his own legitimacy by re-revising the "Records of Ming Taizu", plus Zhu Di himself also received the help of Xiangshi in the process of making his career, such as Yuan Jue and others who preached that Zhu Di was a Taiping Tianzi, because Zhu Di "walked in the dragon and tiger, and the sun angle inserted the sky", so the appearance of the gods can be concluded that Zhu Di must be the Taiping Tianzi, and for this reason zhu Yuanzhang's supernatural appearance was created. For Zhu Di, it was to achieve the purpose of consolidating his rule.
The shaping of the legitimacy between appearance and destiny by the xiangshu masters became an important reason for Zhu Di's efforts to "shape" Zhu Yuanzhang to prove the legitimacy of his rule. Zhu Di's most trusted phase magician was Yuan Jue and Yuan Zhongche's father and son, so the task of "shaping" Zhu Yuanzhang also fell into the hands of these two people.
07
To this end, Yuan Zhongche specially wrote a "Ancient and Modern Knowledge" specifically recounting the fact that the Daoist Zhang Zhong traveled thousands of miles to see Zhu Yuanzhang, and Zhang Zhong described Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance as "Ming Gong's appearance is very special, the dragon pupils and phoenix eyes, the heavens and the earth are in the same dynasty, the five mountains are attached, the sun and the moon are beautiful, the auxiliary bones are inserted, the voice is loud, and the precious is indescribable." According to the xiangshu master, this strange bone is the "Fuxi bone" of the human emperor Fuxi, which is regarded as the ancient emperor's imperial face.
What dragons walk and tiger steps, posture and majesty are all general talk about appearance, not a detailed description, but the odd bone is the most detailed description of Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance, but this belongs to the appearance theory of the phaser, and there is not necessarily a so-called strange bone.
But there is no doubt that such a depiction of the shape has a deep influence on future generations. In the works of the literati in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, all the depictions involving the appearance of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, are basically inseparable from the saying that "strange bones run through the top", which shows that at that time, Zhu Yuanzhang's statement that he had strange bones has been widely spread and accepted by people, and this strange appearance of Zhu Yuanzhang's "shoehorn face" was widely spread in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and naturally it is impossible to talk about Manchu smear.
08
Zhao Ruzhen, a famous collector in the Republic of China period, mentioned in his book "Antique Debate" that "Zhu Yuanzhang's imperial appearance is two, one is gentle and elegant, and the other is a person with a gentle and elegant face, and the other is a majestic and magnificent person with deep eyes and long cheeks." Both are common, and the two statues of the emperors of each generation in the Southern Kaoru Hall have them. A few years ago, the Hall of Enjoyment of the Ming Tomb in Nanjing was still offering these two statues at the same time. Ming Taizu is also the same as ordinary people, there must be no two images, there must be one of them, but the true and false, the previous people have not recorded, out of thin air speculation is difficult to determine. But reason to reason, when the deep-eyed long-cheeked person is true, cover this image is nearly insulting, containing the meaning of the pig, if it is not the true image, no one dares to do it in the era of despotism, and if its descendants worship it, it will be the true image, and the cover can be known. ”
However, the result of this inference is basically not credible, and in the late Qing Dynasty, where the Nanxun Hall was still enshrined was still the descendants of the Zhu family, the argument was wrong, and the result was naturally wrong. There are three common accounts for this shoehorn face portrait:
One theory is that Zhu Yuanzhang likes to visit the people privately and is afraid of being recognized by others, so he deliberately painted an illusion to avoid being recognized.
The second theory comes from Song Qifeng, a man of the early Qing Dynasty, who, according to his records, was a false image painted by Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, in order to xuanwei exotic lands.
The third theory is also that Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately made a false image, hoping to unite people's hearts and dominate the world through the appeal of the alien phase.
09
These statements are believed to be Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately making a false image of himself, although the portraits of the ancients will certainly render some supernatural features to themselves, but most of them are depicted in the case of similar appearances, and the portraits should be good-looking, Zhu Yuanzhang's shoehorn face is ugly, saying that it is Zhu Yuanzhang's own work, I am afraid it is not in line with the facts.
And the wild history notes and legends have a large number of records describing Zhu Yuanzhang's cruelty and fierceness, and these records undoubtedly affected the image of Zhu Yuanzhang in the minds of later generations, so they painted him a picture of this deliberate ugliness, which should be closer to the truth.
In summary, Zhu Di's description of Zhu Yuanzhang's miraculous appearance made Zhu Yuanzhang's "alien appearance" widely known, and the depiction of Zhu Yuanzhang's cruel and murderous nature in the field history notes of the middle and late Ming Dynasty undoubtedly affected zhu Yuanzhang's "heterogeneous" evolution, and finally there was a ugly "shoehorn face" portrait that did not conform to normal appearance.