In the countryside of Weinan, farmers call small lentils small plate beans, because they are similar to the size of chicken eye qing, also known as chicken eye beans. For many years, farmers have found it difficult to see because of the low yield of this grain and the small area under cultivation. However, in recent years, farmers seem to have attached importance to lentils, and they can be seen in the farmland, but the planting area is still small. The straw and pod skin left over from the harvest and maturity of lentils are good feed for cattle and sheep, which is both high-quality green forage and excellent green manure for fruit trees.
Kasa Weng listened to the old farmer and said: Chicken eye beans have been planted here for several generations, and I asked how many catties of seeds were sown per mu? The old farmer said that it was "5 in", 1 bucket was 10 liters, 1 liter was 10 liters, 1 liter was 3 catties, and the amount of sowing per mu was 5 he = 3 catties or so. Suddenly I felt that the old farmer was still using the ancient measurement method! Before leaving, the old farmer also told me the main points of several sowing and management methods, and shared with friends below!
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > What are the requirements for the cultivation environment conditions of lentils?</h1>
Lentils are suitable for high-altitude source or dryland cultivation. Lentil seeds can germinate at ground temperature of 5 °C, and 15 ~ 21 °C is the most suitable germination temperature. In general, the average temperature of 22 ~ 24 °C is most suitable for the growth of lentils, and more than 27 °C has an adverse impact on the growth of most varieties. Severe cold or frost are harmful to the growth and development of lentils.
Lentils are drought-tolerant and flood-resistant, making them suitable for cultivation in arid areas. When 4 to 6 true leaves and pods are formed, it is the two important periods of water demand for chicken eye beans, and in the case of drought in these two periods, its yield will be significantly reduced. Lentils are not strict with the soil, clay, light loam, etc. can be planted.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >2, what problems should be paid attention to in land preparation and fertilization before sowing of lentils?</h1>
Lentils do not have strict requirements for previous crops, and the Weibei area is often rotated with rapeseed, grain, millet, potato, etc., which is suitable for planting in neutral or weakly alkaline soils. Lentils before sowing according to the soil type and the climate environment of the place, generally before the autumn and after the harvest of crops in time to carry out mechanical ploughing or rotary tillage, early spring and timely rake, rake fine ploughing, requiring the land to be virtual and solid, the ground is flat and no soil blocks, reduce soil water dispersion, for the germination of chicken eye beans and the emergence of whole seedlings to create good conditions.
Combined with the application of base fertilizer during land preparation, the base fertilizer is mainly based on organic decomposition fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, generally 10,000 to 12,000 kg of farmhouse fertilizer is applied per mu, and 10 to 15 kg of urea and 100 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied as base fertilizer per mu without applying farmhouse fertilizer. In addition, zinc deficiency in the early growth of lentils is also common in various places, before sowing, as a base fertilizer in the soil per acre of 7 to 10 kg of zinc sulfate, can meet the needs of chicken eye beans for zinc.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three, how to sow lentils?</h1>
1. Selected seeds
In the selection of good seeds, seed selection is carried out, and seeds with large, full, non-broken, and disease-free and pest-free seeds are selected as seeds. Seeds should be dried for treatment before sowing to promote emergence rate and make seedlings robust.
2. Sowing during sowing
Lentils are extremely hardy, and late sowing can also get a fairly high yield, but sowing at the right time is the key measure to achieve high yields of lentils and ensure stable yields. The sowing period of lentils varies from region to region and can be sown in both spring and autumn. For example, in the trilateral area of Shaanxi and the Guyuan area of Ningxia, it is generally sown in late March or early April. Guanzhong and Weibei in Shaanxi Are generally sown at the same time as wheat, barley and peas, and mature around June of the following year, ahead of wheat and barley, and at the same time as peas.
3. Sowing method and sowing
The sowing method of lentils is mostly strip sowing or sowing, but there is a kind of hermit sowing method in Weibei.
The strip spacing often varies depending on the regional planting season, variety, sowing period and sowing density. The sowing amount is determined according to the size of the grain, the general mu sowing amount is 3 to 5 catties, about 400,000 to 700,000 seedlings per mu per single species is appropriate, and the interspecific and mixed seeds are 100,000 to 150,000 plants.
Seed removal is to manually withdraw the seeds evenly on the land, generally the old farmers can grasp the sowing amount and uniformity, and then manually light hoe, not too deep, and finally flattened to prevent water loss.
Sowing seeds is one of the methods that the old farmer said earlier. Late sowing of corn, beans and other crops harvest period is very late, or due to rain and other weather reasons, at the latest to the soil is not frozen, with a plough or hoe to open a shallow ditch on the land, ditch row spacing of 20 to 30 cm, evenly spread in the ditch, and finally covered with soil. Because the temperature is between 0 ° C and 4 ° C at this time, the seeds of lentils will not germinate, and when the temperature is suitable in the spring of the next year, they will naturally emerge. And the yield is good when ripe. The habit of lentils is characterized by late species.
In addition, the amount of sown and the number of seedlings left should also be determined according to the variety, soil and local climatic conditions. The sowing depth should be determined according to the soil moisture, the general depth is 3 to 5 cm is appropriate, because the seeds of lentils are small, too deep and difficult to break the ground. Lentils are often intercropped or mixed with other crops, such as spring sowing in northern Shaanxi Province mainly with soybeans, millet and other intercropping or mixing, in Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi and other places autumn sowing with wheat, peas mixed sowing, in Yunnan Province more mixed with rapeseed, some high, mountainous land area is wide or single cropping.
4. Pest control
To prevent and control wilt disease, root rot and rust, etc., 80% wettable powder can be used 100 to 130 grams, sprayed with water, sprayed once every 7 days, a total of 2 times.
Aphids, bean weevils, bean pod spot borers, especially bean elephant larvae are more harmful, and are the main culprits of the decline in lentil production. Prevention and control of quick extinction of Weimu with 25% wettable powder 100 ~ 200 grams of water spray, once every 7 days, a total of spray can be.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > summary</h1>
It is understood that the yield of lentils is low, and the high yield in dryland is only about 150 to 300 catties, and farmers are reluctant to plant, so the planting area is small. Lentils can be harvested and threshed when they are 8 ripe. Although the lentils are inconspicuous, they are of great nutritional value, especially for fetal development during pregnancy.
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