Su Liu Wen Shuzhai (Zhang Qiao)
Do not hide the window moon, natural style high.
The cool breeze moves crickets, and the leaves are falling away.
Pick up the embers of the lamp back, and see the sea waves.
Because of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are several heroes in the air.
When Liu Biao was sitting in Jingzhou, a serious rebellion broke out within, which once shrank Liu Biao's Jingzhou by a small half. This rebellion is not well documented in history, but it is very controversial. There are controversies about time, place and even characters. There is no doubt that the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms both record that the person who led the rebellion was Changsha Taishou Zhang Xian. The problem is that some historians in later generations believe that this Zhang Xian is Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor who was active in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. So is it possible that Zhang Xian is Zhang Zhongjing?
The process and time of Zhang Xian's rebellion
Zhang Xian was born in Nanyang County, Jingzhou. Before doing Changsha Taishou, he also worked as Lingling Taishou and Guiyang Taishou, all of which were located in the south of Jingzhou, where Zhang Xian gained a lot of popularity. Zhang Xian for some reason (the "Hero Record" says that Zhang Xian and Liu Biao are not compatible, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu Huan Jie Biography" says that Yuan Shao and Cao Cao refused to support Yuan Shao, Liu Biao intended to support Yuan Shao, Huan Jie persuaded Zhang Xian to rebel against Liu Biao to give Cao Cao a "letter of submission", xiaobian is not clear which should be used, let's classify it as "some reason"), and rebelled against Liu Biao in Changsha, Guiyang, Lingling (and possibly Wuling, disputed) counties. Liu Biao attacked Zhang Xian and could not win for at least a year, and as a result, Zhang Xian fell ill and died, and Liu Biao defeated his son Zhang Yi and recaptured Jingnan County.
At what time Zhang Xian rebelled against Liu Biao, this is a big dispute. According to the Book of later Han, this incident occurred in the third year of Jian'an (that is, in 198 AD). According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu Huang Zhongchuan, the Three Kingdoms Chronicle, the Wushu Taishi Ci Biography, and the Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion, in the fourth year of Jian'an (199 AD), Liu Biao had already taken control of You County, Changsha County, and sent his nephew Liu Pan from You County to harass Yuzhang County, which Sun Ce occupied. Sun Ce set up Jianchang Du wei in six counties, with Shi Ci as the aether, to expel Liu Pan and others. Liu Biao beat Zhang Xian for one year, so the time is probably four years of Jian'an. Therefore, if the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is accepted, then Zhang Xian should have died in Jian'an for four years.
According to the records in the "Huan Jie Biography", when Zhang Xian raised his army, it was when Yuan Cao was fighting in Guandu. When it comes to the "Battle of Guandu", people most people think that it is the fifth year of Jian'an (200 AD), when Yuan Shao personally led the main force to suppress Guandu, and Cao Cao rejected Yuan Shao at Guandu. Liu Biao beat Zhang Xian for at least a year, but Cao Cao did not beat Liu Biao to rescue Zhang Xian, and it can be seen that the time of Zhang Xian's uprising should not be five years since Jian'an. By the time of Jian'an's fourth year, a situation of contention between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao had already taken shape, and Cao Cao was also stationed in Guandu. Therefore, Xiaobian believes that if the "HuanJie Biography" is accepted, Zhang Xian should have started in Jian'an for four years and died in Jian'an for five years.
"Later Han Shu Liu Biao Biography": "Three years, Changsha Taishou Zhang Xian rate Lingling, Guiyang three counties of The Table"
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Huan Jie: "Later Taizu and Yuan Shao rejected Guandu... Jie said that he was too defensive zhang envious... It is to cite Changsha and the three counties to refuse the table. ”
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Liu Biao's Biography": "The siege of the table has not been repeated for many years. ”
Zhang Xian's character controversy
"Famous Doctors": "Nanyang people, famous machines, Zhongjing is its word also." Filial piety and honesty, the official to Changsha Taishou. ”
Zhang Zhongjing's name was Zhang Ji (張機), and he was an official in Changsha Taishou.D. Among the many Changsha Taishou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Xian and Zhang Zhongjing were the most consistent. First, Zhang Xian and Zhang Zhongjing are both from Nanyang; second, although it is recorded in the "Famous Doctors' Record" that Zhang Zhongjing's name is Zhang Ji, Zhang Xian is more in line with the word "Zhongjing".
The ancients had a certain law for taking words, and there was a way to take words that was the expansion and echo of names. For example, Zhao Yun, the word Zilong, the so-called cloud from the dragon, the wind from the tiger, the word "Zilong" is the echo of "cloud". Looking at Zhang Zhongjing again, the word "Zhong" should be the first generation, and Zhang Zhongjing is the second in the family, so if you use the word "Zhong", then the information in the word "Jing" is very important. The word "Jing" has the meaning of admiration and admiration, and there is an interchange with the word "envy", but the word "machine" cannot form this echoing relationship. Therefore, just from the law of ancient naming, Zhang Xian is more likely to be Zhang Zhongjing's name than Zhang Ji. Those who hold this view believe that it was common to have multiple names during the Three Kingdoms period, and Zhang Zhongjing or Zhang Xian was one of them, and Zhang Ji was an alias for Zhang Xian.
Whether Zhang Xian is Zhang Zhongjing
Although there is a statement that Zhang Xian is Zhang Zhongjing, and the voice is very high, the corresponding voice of doubt is not small.
I. The time of writing of "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases"
First of all, from the time of writing of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", according to the original preface of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", it can be inferred that the time of writing of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" is in the Jian'an year, and must not exceed ten years of Jian'an. According to the Book of later Han or the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu Huan Jie, Zhang Xian died of illness in the fourth year of Jian'an or five years in Jian'an, and there was still more than a year of war before that. If Zhang Xian is Zhang Zhongjing, then the earliest should be Jian'an three years, the latest is Jian'an four years, "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" into a book. However, Xiaobian thinks that in the past three or four years, it is somewhat inappropriate to use the words "Juwei Ten", after all, Zhang Zhongjing's original intention should be to highlight the threat of disease, and should not be said to be three or four years strong into ten years, which weakens the threat of disease.
"Introduction to Typhoid Fever": "Since the Jian'an Dynasty, there have been no more than ten people, and those who have died have two out of three, and typhoid fever has been seven out of ten." ”
II. The Record of the Biography of He Yuanbie
In the "Biography of He Yongbie" quoted in the Taiping Imperial Records and FangShuBu, there are some records about Zhang Zhongjing. Zhang Zhongjing visited He Yong when he was a child, and He Zhongjing commented on Zhang Zhongjing that "Jun uses fine thinking and rhymes is not high", predicting that he will later become a famous doctor. The commentary on this matter in the "Biography of He Yong" is "as it is said", which does not mention the matter of Changsha Taishou at all. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, confucianism was promoted, and Confucianism was used as an official society, and the status of a scholar who studied, became a county guard, and became a county guard was regarded as higher than a famous doctor. If Zhang Zhongjing is Zhang Xian and has become the Taishou of Changsha (there is also a lot of controversy about whether Zhang Zhongjing has held the position of Taishou of Changsha), it proves that He Zhongjing is wrong, Zhang Zhongjing is "high with thoughts", and there is an inappropriate record of "pawns as he says" in the Biography of He Zhongjing.
Third, Zhang Zhongjing and Zhang Xian have different states of mind
There is a sentence in the original preface of "On Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", which is a rebuke to some physicians and alchemists who tend to be inflamed, and can also be regarded as a reflection of Zhang Zhongjing's state of mind, and Zhang Zhongjing does not approve of this way of life.
"Introduction to Typhoid Fever": "Blame the people who live in the world today, who have not paid attention to medicine and refined their techniques... But the competition for glory and the power of the powerful. ”
It can be seen from this sentence that Zhang Zhongjing devoted himself to studying medicine and had no intention of favoring a prominent career and a powerful person. Zhang Xian, on the other hand, was a warlord at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with a tough personality, and a possible act of turning to Cao Cao for a future. It can be said that Zhang Xian's state of mind and Zhang Zhongjing's state of mind are simply contrary to each other. Therefore, Xiaobian believes that in the absence of more powerful evidence, the conclusion that Zhang Xian is Zhang Zhongjing is still quite debatable and questionable.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Minutes of Reading History, Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases, Taiping Imperial Records