<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > [Cantonese dialect] Daily: Shanwei City local indigenous dialect introduction, Shanwei people, do you still speak your hometown dialect? </h1>
Shanwei City, located in the southeast coast of Guangdong Province, borders Jieyang City in the east and borders Huilai County; Huizhou City in the west, bordering Huidong County; Heyuan City in the north, connected with Zijin County; and south by the South China Sea. The total area is 4865.05 square kilometers. Under the jurisdiction of the urban area, Haifeng County, Luhe County, escrow Lufeng City, in 2018, Shanwei City permanent population of 2.9936 million people, of which the urban population of 1.651 million people, accounting for 55.15% of the permanent population; the registered population of 3.5576 million people, of which the urban population of 1.7843 million people, accounting for 50.15% of the registered population. Shanwei is the intersection of Minnan culture, Chaoshan culture, Hakka culture and Cantonese culture, with 3 rare dramas such as orthography, Western Qin opera and white character opera, and has 9 national and 28 provincial intangible cultural heritages.
Shanwei Overview【Language】
Source: Shanwei Municipal People's Government Portal
The vast majority of Shanwei city speaks Chinese dialects. Chinese is divided into Fu Lao dialect, Hakka dialect, vernacular (Cantonese), Chami dialect, military dialect, northern dialect, etc.
The Fulao dialect is mainly distributed in the urban area of Shanwei City, Haifeng and Lufeng, with a population of about 2.65 million people; according to its phonetic characteristics, it can be divided into 8 tone films and 7 tone films, represented by Haicheng dialect and Donghai dialect respectively.
Hakka dialect is mainly distributed in Luhe County, the northeast and northwest of Haifeng County, and the northern mountainous area of Lufeng City, with a population of about 600,000 people, represented by Luhe dialect.
The vernacular is concentrated in Shanwei Port and Magong Port, and the majority of the population is deep-water fishermen, about 40,000 people; in Shanwei, Haicheng, Donghai and other places, due to frequent commercial exchanges with Hong Kongsui and the influence of Cantonese culture, a considerable proportion of the people who speak vernacular can speak the vernacular.
Zhanmi dialect is a native language of Cantonese that is deeply influenced by Hakka and Fulao dialects in eastern Guangdong, distributed in the southwest of Haifeng County, with a population of about 35,000.
Jun dialect is a mixed dialect that contains the elements of the official dialect but is deeply influenced by Hakka, Cantonese and Minnan dialects, and there are three dialect islands in Qingtang Village, Lufeng Southwest Town, Kanshitan Village in Da'an Town, and Longyintang Village, Haifeng Pingdong Town, with a population of about 10,000.
The northern dialect is mainly concentrated in Shanwei City, with a population of about 20,000, most of which moved in after the establishment of Shanwei City;
After the founding of New China, the state vigorously promoted Mandarin, and about 80% of the residents of Shanwei City spoke Mandarin. In addition to the use of Chinese, the ethnic minority She, who live in Hongluo Village, Shangbei Village Committee, Ebu Town, Haifeng County, has a population of about 200 people and speaks its ethnic language, She.
Lufeng County Chronicle, Chapter 29 Dialect
Lufeng is a county with a complex dialect in eastern Guangdong. The 1.169 million residents of the county's 23 towns (fields, districts) speak three Chinese dialects: Fulao dialect (i.e., Southern Fujian dialect), Hakka dialect and military dialect. In addition, there are several small dialects that belong to the above three dialects but have their own characteristics in different counties, namely Egg Jia Fu Lao dialect, Zhangzhou Hakka dialect and Kanshitan jun dialect.
The Fu Lao dialect, including the egg family Fu Lao dialect spoken by coastal water fishermen, is spoken by 950,000 people, accounting for about 82% of the total population, and is the first major dialect of Lu Feng. The Fulao dialect is mainly distributed on both sides of the central Guangzhou-Shantou Highway and in the southern coastal areas. Including Jiadong, Jiaxi, Jiazi, Hudong, Jieshi, Qiaochong, Bomei, Neihu, Hexi, Shangying, Tanxi, Donghai, Jinxiang, Chengdong, Xingdu 15 towns (districts) and most of the villages of Da'an and Nantang.
Hakka dialect, including a small number of special Zhangzhou Hakka, is spoken by about 200,000 people, accounting for about 17% of the total population, and is the second largest dialect of Lufeng. It is mainly distributed in the mountainous and semi-mountainous areas in the northern part of the county, including 8 towns (fields) of Piyang, Bawan, Da'an, Da'anchang, Southwest, Tongluo Lake, Neihu and Nantang. Lu Feng's Hakka dialect is the same as Haifeng's, both are 7 tones (to divide the sound into yin and yang);
Military language, as the name suggests, is the words spoken by soldiers. Military dialect is the product of the implementation of the "Wei and Su military system" in the early Ming Dynasty. Today's military dialect is the result of centuries of mixing official dialects with local Min dialects. Therefore, the military dialect has both the characteristics of the official dialect and the characteristics of the local dialect. Lu Feng spoke about 10,000 people in the military, mainly distributed in Qingtang and Liangjun Villages in the southwest town, in addition, Dongqi (Kanshitan) in Da'an Town and Dapu Village in Hexi Town also spoke military dialect. However, the military dialect of Kanshitan and the military dialect of Qingtang are quite different, and it is difficult to communicate with each other.
Since Lufeng County and Haifeng County belonged to the same county before the ninth year of Qing Yongzheng (1731), and the topography, hydrology, history and cultural conditions of the two counties are also very close, the Lufeng dialect and the Haifeng dialect also have more similarities. This is true of both Fulao dialects, hakka dialects and military dialects. However, if we look at it specifically, the dialects of the townships in the west and Bomei and Qiaochong in the central part, Nantang and Hudong and Jieshizhen on the southern coast are the closest to Haifeng dialects. The southeastern neighboring Huilai 'sanjia" (甲東, 甲西, 甲子) is closer to the Chaoshan dialect. The central towns of Donghai, Jinxiang and Da'an have only 7 tones because the upper voice does not distinguish between yin and yang, so the sound is closer to the Fujian Dialect of Zhang, Quan, xia and Minnan.
Since more than 80% of the residents of Lufeng County speak Fulao dialect, Fulao dialect has become the common communication language of the whole county and the main working language of governments at all levels, and even the campus language of primary and secondary schools. Therefore, when people usually mention "Lu Feng dialect", they refer to Lu Feng's Fu Lao dialect. As for Lu Feng's other two dialects, Hakka and Jun, they are mainly spoken within its popular areas, especially military. Therefore, for the sake of communication, Hakka and residents of military areas must learn to speak Fu Lao dialect.
It is worth mentioning that in Haifeng, there is still an official dialect belonging to the Zhongzhou phonological system, that is, "orthography". Hai Lufeng's "orthographic drama" and "Western Qin opera" have been circulating for hundreds of years, and their chanting still mainly uses the "orthographic" sound to this day ,(however, more and more words have been changed to the "reading book sound" in the dialect), and in addition, the "orthographic" sound is often used in folk Taoist altars for ceremonies and rituals.
Haifeng County Folk Customs: Dialect
Source: Haifeng County People's Government Network 2019-08-23 13:57
FuLao dialect is the first major dialect of Haifeng, which is mainly distributed on both sides of the central Guangshan Highway and in the southern coastal areas. It includes most of the villages of Haicheng, Fucheng, Chengdong, Taohe, Ketang, Lian'an, Chikeng, Dahu, Meilong, Meilong Farm, Gongmen, Lianhuashan, Yuandun, Pingping, Xiaomo, Ebu, and Chishi. The population of The Dialect is about 660,000 people, accounting for about 86.9% of the total population.
Hakka dialect is mainly distributed in the mountainous and semi-mountainous areas in the northern part of the county, including huangqiang quanzhen, the northeastern mountainous area of fair town, the huangqiang forest farm, most of Pingdong, Lianhua mountain, Meilong, Goosebu, Chishi, and Xiao desert. Haifeng's Hakka dialect is the same as Lu Feng's, both are 7 tones (to divide the sound into yin and yang); both have two sets of plug rub sounds and rub vowels, which are quite different from the guest dialects of Meixian County. The population is about 90,000 people, accounting for 12% of the total population.
Jianmi dialect is a mixed dialect that resembles both "vernacular" and "Hakka", with more "vernacular" than "Hakka", mainly distributed in chishi, goosebu and meilong nanshan villages. The population is about 10,000 people, accounting for about 1% of the total population.
Vernacular is only distributed in natural villages such as Daxiangli, Paishadun and Sanjiaokeng in Chishi Town, and was moved from Xinyi County in the province around 1949, with a population of about 500 people.
Chaoshan dialect is distributed in natural villages such as Chishi Four Seasons Village, Xinxing, Qiling and Ketang Railway Camp, and was moved from Chaozhou in the province around 1949, with a population of about 300 people.
Haifeng's modern military dialect is the result of centuries of mixing the official dialect with the local Minke dialect. Therefore, military dialect has both the characteristics of official dialect and the characteristics of local dialect. Haifeng's military speeches are mainly distributed in Longyintang Village in Pingdong Town, with about 300 people.
More than 90% of the county's residents speak Fu Lao dialect, which has become a common communicative language and a campus language for primary and secondary schools. Usually, when people refer to "Haifeng dialect", they refer to Haifeng's Fulao dialect. Haifeng is a famous overseas Chinese village, about 400,000 people in Hong Kong, out of exchange needs, especially after the 1980s, frequent exchanges with the Pearl River Delta cities, young people can basically speak the vernacular.
In addition, there is also a kind of official dialect belonging to the Zhongzhou phonological system, that is, "orthography". Hai Lufeng's "orthographic drama" and "Western Qin opera" have been circulating for hundreds of years, and their chanting still uses the "orthographic" sound (more and more words have been changed to "reading book sounds" in the dialect). In folk altars, the sound of "orthography" is also often used when performing rituals and performing rituals.
After the 1980s, with the reform and opening up and population movement, Mandarin gradually emerged. In the 21st century, Mandarin is spoken throughout the county.
Haifeng County Chronicle (1988~2004) Section 2 Hakka Dialect
First, the distribution of Haifeng Hakka dialect
Hakka is the second largest dialect in Haifeng County. The population is about 90,000, accounting for about 12% of the county's total population. It is mainly distributed in Huangqiang, Huangqiang Forest Farm, Xikeng, Pingdong, Pingping, Lotus Mountain, Chishi and Goosebu. In addition, some villages in Meilong, Gongmen, Xiaomo and Chikeng also speak Hakka.
Second, the characteristics of Haifeng Hakka dialect
Haifeng Hakka dialect area and Luhe and Lufeng Hakka dialect area are basically connected, collectively known as "Hailuke", they are compared with the representative point of Hakka dialect Meixian Ke, the main features are three:
First, there are two sets of plugged rub sounds and rub sounds systems, that is, the Gujingzhuang group and the Zhizhang group are separated, "Zu Zheng, Vinegar Chu, Su Sha" reads the presyn of the tongue [ts tsh s], "Zheng zhu, Chen Worm, Sheshi" reads the tongue leaf sound [t? h ?], and the two groups of words in Meixian are combined, and both read [ts tsh s].
The second is to divide the yin and yang, sell (yin) ≠ rice (yang go); the place (yin go) ≠ pillar (yang go), so there are 7 tones, while Meixian goes to the sound without yin and yang, there are only 6 tones.
Third, the Yangping adjustment value is high and ascending (45), which is very different from the low flat tone (11) of Meixian Yangping. For example, "people" reads ηin45min45, while Meixian reads ηin11ni11. Therefore, the disparity in the pronunciation of Yangping characters alone can distinguish between sea and land guests and Meixian guests.
From the vocabulary point of view, haifeng local Hakka dialect on the one hand preserved a large number of hakka dialect basic words and characteristic words, such as my name "
Ya", grandpa and grandmother called "sister, sister", children called "Laizi", daughter-in-law called "uncle", how to call "like", is called "system", not called "oh system", firewood called "tree", bed bugs called "dry moth", home called "house", sleeping called "sleeping eye", killing chicken called "subdivided chicken", as well as "cow", (bull), "pig concubine" (sow), "knife knife" (chai knife), "bowl gong" (big bowl), "you pocket" (you), "creek lip" (riverside), etc., are the characteristic words of most guest dialects On the other hand, since the Fu Lao dialect is a strong dialect in Hai Feng, Hai Feng's Hakka dialect also borrows some words from the Fu Lao dialect to enrich itself.
3. Huangqiang Hakka dialect voice system
The Huangqiang phonology has a total of 21 vowels (including zero vowels), 54 vowels (including phonological rhymes), and 7 tones.
1. Vowels
p Babu 100 ph climb step splash m horse mosquito mai f square tiger or frog smell slippery
t Know Dong De Th Heaven Di Di N Na Fury Pinch l Li Dragon Law
ts fine wine pawn tsh rough marriage cut s su yield
t?chapter pig t?h sing Zhao Straight 9 Shui Sheshi Stone 3 waist night medicine
K family noble bones kh poor kneeling pole η provoke the shore heat h drama good rest
Φ Ann En Evil
Description: (1) Huang Qiang ke dialect is a group of tongue leaf sounds with a strong upturned tongue color, so it can be regarded as a post-tongue tone (zhchshr).
(2) The ancient shadow and yu vowels have two readings, [J] and [], and do not constitute opposition.
2. Rhymes
6 single vowels
Zi vinegar shi a put melon painting o over the peach e fine Qi system i Mei Di go u pig vertical old
10 compound vowels
ai buy jie obedient au made prison proud eu ditch after oi gray rich handsome
ia obliquely wrote night io boots yo eggplant iu stream girl show iau small standard bridge
ui fly lei gui ie ai
21 nasal vowels
am DanFan Station iam Add Inspection Nian Im Lin Pillow Ren
Em Sen Sam m Om in The Soldier Neighbor Star
An inter-circle pass ian lian quan first
On the official short look ion soft
Un split roll iun army group
Enken hates n hmm
Aη cold-capped horizontal iaη star neck life
uη East Swollen Red iuη Gong Poor Pine η Five Fish Wu
Oη help bed light iOη gun netsmith
There are 17 vowels
AP answer legal AP hunting industry IP granules into ep astringency
At eight live tongue iat month hot break it pen auspicious day et north do not lack ot cut thirst scrape
UT out of the bone iut depressed
ak pulse guest hot iak wall tin split Ck Bo Guoxue iCk finch but weak
uk wood bamboo tribe iuk chrysanthemum flesh green
Description: (1) [e] When used as a single vowel, the actual value is [ε], such as hε22, fine sε31; before em/en, the actual value is the central vowel [E], such as Sen FEm, hate hEn22.
(2) [o] When combined with the base tongue tone [k/kh/η], it is a posterior subwoofer [C], such as light kCN, crazy khCN, hungry NC. National kCk.
3. Tone
Yin Ping Yang Ping Shangsheng Yin go Yang go Yin into Yang in
53 45 213 31 22 45 54
Gao Kai RenLong Bureau Read Cai Qi Xie Sick Hundred Iron Ancient Grass
Note: (1) The tone of Huangqiang Hakka dialect is basically the same as that of Hakka dialect in Hailufeng regardless of the type and value.
(2) The tonal value of the Huangqiang dialect Yangping character is 45, but in the continuous reading, there are often two tonal variants of 35 and 55, because there is no difference in meaning, this table is still recorded as 45 tones.
Luhe County Chronicle, Chapter 21, Chapter 4 Dialect
Luhe is a pure Hakka county in eastern Guangdong, the Hakka population accounts for more than 99% of the total population of the county, only more than 3,000 people in Henglong Village, Xintian Town, speak Hakka dialect and southern Fujian dialect at the same time. The Hakka dialect is spoken throughout the county.
The Hakka dialect spoken in Luhe County is divided into Hailu Hakka dialect (most of which) and Zhangzhou Hakka dialect (7,000 people).
Hailu Hakka belongs to the Chinese Hakka dialect "Cantonese-Taiwan Tablets" in the "Sea and Land Small Pieces". The scope includes: Lufeng City in Shanwei City, Hakka District and Luhe County in Haifeng County; jiexi County, Puning City and Huilai County townships in Jieyang City bordering Shanwei City; in addition to the "sea and land dialect" townships in Hsinchu and Taoyuan counties in Taiwan. There are also some places in overseas Southeast Asia that use the sea and land Hakka dialect, such as part of the Indonesian island of West Kalimantan. According to statistics, there are 1.5 million people at home and abroad who use The Hakka dialect on land and sea. Among them, there are 600,000 people in Hailufeng, 400,000 people in Puning and Huilai, and 450,000 people in Taiwan (300,000 people with ancestral home from Luhe).
There are not many differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar in Luhe Hakka. The Beixi accents of Hetian, Dongkeng, Shuilip, Luoxi, Shanghu and other towns and Hekou Town are close to each other and can be called "Hetian Tablets"; the Nanxi accents of Xintian Town and Hekou Town are different from those of Hetian Tablets and can be called "Xintian Tablets"; the Hakka dialects of Nanwan Town and Luoxi Town are closer to each other and can be called "Nanwan Tablets". The significant differences between Kawada tablets and Xintian and Nanwan are: the first-person singular pronunciation is different, Kawada tablets are mostly pronounced ni53, written as "I", and Nitta tablets are more pronounced as Nai214 and written as "".
Zhangzhou Hakka is the dialect spoken by immigrants from Zhangzhoufu in Fujian Province in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. The Luhe people called the People who spoke The Hakka dialect of Zhangzhou "Zhangzhou". Zhangzhou Hakka dialect and sea and land Hakka dialect are quite different, the biggest difference in pronunciation is the tone, yin, yin to the same tone, death = world; yang, yang to the same tone, is = show. Some words are very different from those of sea and land passengers, such as "water, sleep, boat," and other words do not read the tongue leaf rub sound [S], but read as tooth lip sound [f], "plough" read le45, click to read "bile" [tam31], "rain" read vu31, "burn" read [Seu53], "chuan" read [tShan53], buy and sell "read Mimi" [mi53mi22], New Year [nian45] read "too difficult [nan45]"; vocabulary differences such as: sieve called "Sipa", Tangyuan called "Xi Yuan" , pain is called "disease", death is called "elimination", getting up is called "lifting", grinding basket is called "笳竻" and so on. There is a big difference with the sea and land Hakka dialect.
There are 7,000 Hakka speakers in Luhe County. Mainly Zhang and Chen surnames in Hetian Town. The population surnamed Zhang lives in the three natural villages of Tianwei, Louxia and Cangbei in Zhenkou Village, Hetian Town, and 3,000 people in Maxi Village of Shanghu Town; the population surnamed Chen lives in Pushangzhai, Zhenkou, Tangzili, Luoxi Town, Jingziwan in Hetian Town, and Meijiao in Nanwan Town. The ancestor of The ancestor of Zhang surname "Shi Tai" of Zhenkou Village, Hetian Town, originally lived in Po Huang Township, Nanjing County, Zhangzhou Province, Ming Hongwu first entered Guangdong and settled in Huangnikeng Village, Xihe Town, Dapu County, Meizhou, and the 9th "Dongyang" moved to Zhenkou Village, Hetian Town, Luhe County in the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1573), with a history of 15 generations. The surname Zhang of Maxi Village in Shanghu Town was originally from Shenkeng Village, Beixiang, Shanghang County, the capital of Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province, and later moved to Chaozhou in eastern Guangdong, and its Maxi Kaiji ancestor was the 17th "Tingyou", from now to the 33rd. Hetian Town, Pushangzhai Chen surname originally lived in Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, Shidu Duxun Village, the Fifth Year of the Yuan Dynasty (1345), in order to avoid chaos, moved to Xin'anli Wutu Daxi Township in Pinghe County, in the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1577), the 10th "Dayue" directly migrated from the "Lower Village" of Daxi Township, Pinghe County to Hetian Pu Shangzhai, which has been 14 generations. The Hakka people of Zhangzhou, where Luhe County resides, have long been integrated into the sea-land Hakka discourse, and their Hakka dialect is becoming more and more similar to the sea-land Hakka dialect. Therefore, the dialects of this chapter only describe the dialects of Hakka on land and sea.