The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was a period of great division and chaos between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in China. The outstanding feature of this period is that the military towns and cities have made the rebel side sing our side on the stage. In just a few decades, the central plains in the north replaced five dynasties, while in the south, although relatively stable, local warlords also established local separatist regimes collectively known as the Ten Kingdoms (of course, there was a Northern Han in the north). Why did these emissaries or generals of the army rebel one after another? Are they all bad?
Judging from the consequential theory, the fate of these rebels is difficult to say badly
Because the change of the five generations is more intense and frequent, the rebellion of the five generations and ten countries also appears in the change of power of the five generations. The fate of these rebels can hardly be generalized as bad.
Zhu Wen, the founder of the Later Liang Dynasty, the first regime of the Five Dynasties, was a typical "rebel". He first rebelled against the Huangchao rebel army to join the Tang Dynasty, and later was enfeoffed with the title of Xuanwu Jiedushi and became a local Jiedu in the Central Plains. Later, through the annexation war, he gradually controlled the entire Central Plains, and then he rebelled to directly replace the Tang Dynasty. Judging from Zhu Wen's fate, being killed by his son is not tragic, but many of them are his personal problems.
In the middle of the five dynasties, the Tang Dynasty replaced Later Liang, which could not be regarded as a rebellion, because the Hedong military clique and the Xuanwu military clique were themselves sworn enemies, in a sense, a merger war in which the king was defeated. However, the Later Tang Dynasty, the most extensive of the five dynasties, was killed by local rebellions from the first generation of emperors, which opened the tragic fate of subsequent dynasties being destroyed by local rebellions.
After Shi Jingyao rebelled to establish the Later Han, Liu Zhiyuan supported the army and sat with self-respect and sat back and watched the Later Han perish and then raised troops to take over the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Guo Wei rebellion established the Later Zhou, and finally Zhao Kuangyin Chen Qiao mutinied the Yellow Robe and established the Northern Song Dynasty to gradually end the chaotic era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
Judging from these major rebellions, it is difficult to say that these rebels did not fare well, at least they all established their own dynasties. Moreover, from the perspective of personal fate, Zhu Wen was killed by his son, Li Cunsi was killed by the rebels, and Shi Jingyao, Liu Zhiyuan, and Guo Wei all died of illness, so it is difficult to say that these rebels must be very bad from the perspective of consequentialism.
Interests: The root cause of local moderation makes desperate
Judging from the combing from the above, these major rebels have gained huge benefits, and this kind of interest in claiming the establishment of the empire is difficult for these military generals who hold military power to give up.
Politically: These knots enabled them to rise to the pinnacle of power through rebellion, to become the founding emperor, and to become a royal family in their own family. Although it is likely that others will rebel and lead to the destruction of the country and the destruction of the family, for the military generals who are accustomed to the life of licking the blood with the knife head, they cannot take care of so many risks.
Economically: These rebellious temperances allowed them to expand from controlling one state and one county to controlling the economic interests of a country. This was very attractive to the local moderation, especially the proud generals who followed him in his rebellion. These people fight and kill for the purpose of plundering and exploiting for economic gain. After all, going in and out of the picture can only be done by a few talents, and most of the rebels are in order to obtain more economic benefits.
Military: Once these rebellious emissaries claimed to be emperors and established state power, at least nominally, they could gain greater territory by suppressing powerful factions elsewhere and thus expand their military power.
In short, the root cause of these local temperances in rebellion is the enormous benefits that come with the success of the rebellion. The so-called high risk can have high returns, and in the chaotic world of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, this is the effective "hegemony".
The fierce friction between the central government and the local powers is an important reason for the frequent rebellions
Although the founders of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were all generals who held military power, and most of them were local envoys who held military power. However, these five generations of regimes were caught in fierce friction between the central government and the local power factions, which also led to frequent rebellions in local moderation.
Soon after Zhu Wen established the Tang Dynasty, in view of the lessons of the Tang Dynasty's inability to control local feudal towns, it directly strengthened the construction of the forbidden army. He directly converted the army that followed the direct concubine troops, Xuanwu Zhen Jiedushi, directly into the central forbidden army of Later Liang. In this way, the military strength of the central government was strengthened. This was the most direct way to strengthen the military strength of the central government under the circumstances at that time.
Zhu Wen's method of strengthening the forbidden army was subsequently followed by later Tang and other dynasties, and this model made the central government of the five generations have a stronger central army than the Tang Dynasty. This provided them with a military guarantee for weakening the local power factions, and as a result, the five generations of central power cut the local power factions more frequently and fiercely.
Although Later Liang was destroyed by Li Cunsi's Hedong military clique, the late Later Liang emperor Zhu Youzhen began to weaken Wei Bo's emissaries, and directly led to a mutiny. Later Tang dynasty began with Li Cunsi, except for Emperor Mingzong Li Siyuan, who was killed by the local Jiedushi mutiny, all because of the weakening of the local power faction. The demise of both the Later Han And Later Zhou Dynasties had reasons for the central government to force the local powerful factions to cut down the domain.
Although the central government was repeatedly overthrown by local powers because of the cutting of the domain. However, the practice of strengthening the central ban on the army and weakening the local power faction has not stopped in the fifth generation. On the one hand, the strength of the central forbidden army is getting stronger and stronger, and on the other hand, the jurisdiction of local moderation is getting smaller and weaker. This gradual weakening to the Later Zhou period was reflected in the fact that it was difficult for the local power factions to grasp a larger military power, especially the military reform of Chai Rong of the Later Zhou Dynasty, which made the central forbidden army the strongest armed force, which provided a strong guarantee for the final suppression of the local power faction by the central government. Zhao Kuangyin mastered the Later Zhou Forbidden Army and was able to stand on behalf of the Later Zhou and end the five generations of chaos.