The decade from 1956 to 1966 in which socialism was comprehensively built was a decade of arduous exploration of the party's road to socialist construction in China, and although it experienced twists and turns, it still achieved undeniable tremendous achievements. The development of industrial construction, scientific research and cutting-edge technology for national defense, as well as the construction of farmland and water conservancy and the development of agricultural mechanization and modernization, began to be laid out in that era.
Industrial construction, compared with 1966 compared with 1956, the national industrial fixed assets at the original price, increased by 3 times. In terms of the steel industry, in addition to the further construction of China's largest Anshan steel base, the two major inland steel bases in Wuhan and Baotou were mainly built in this decade. In the machinery industry, it has formed more than a dozen basic industries such as metallurgy, mining, power stations, petrochemical and other industrial equipment manufacturing, as well as aircraft, automobiles, and construction machinery manufacturing, and can independently design and manufacture some modern large-scale equipment. In 1964, the self-sufficiency rate of China's major machinery and equipment has reached more than 90%.
In 1963, daqing oilfield was completed. This is Daqing oilfield workers testing an oil well. Xinhua News Agency photo
What is particularly prominent is that the petroleum industry has developed into a pillar industry of China's national economy during this period. The construction of Daqing Oilfield was completed, followed by the development of Shengli Oilfield and Dagang Oilfield. By 1965 the oil needed at home was fully self-sufficient, enabling us to proudly declare that the era of Chinese living on "foreign oil" was over!
On August 1, 1958, the Baolan Railway was opened to traffic. This is the head of the train through the sand slope. Xinhua News Agency photo
The transportation industry has developed considerably. From 1958 to 1965, more than 9,000 kilometers of new railways were added nationwide. Yingxia, Baolan, Lanqing, Lanxin, Chuanqian, Qiangui and other lines were completed and opened to traffic. In addition to Tibet, all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government have railways, and Fujian, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang have trained for the first time. Highways, water transport, aviation and other undertakings have also developed greatly, most of the country's counties, towns through the car, coastal ports to add more than 100,000 tons of deep-water berths, ocean shipping to open up 3 routes to Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa.
Major achievements have been made in the construction of farmland water conservancy. Large-scale hub backbone projects and various reservoirs played an important role at that time and for a long time to come.
Remarkable achievements have been made in the development of science and technology. On October 16, 1964, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, which enhanced our international status. Breakthroughs have also been made in the development of missiles and artificial satellites. In terms of basic scientific research, in 1965, China synthesized bovine insulin crystals for the first time in the world.
The achievements in education, health, publishing, culture and art, sports and other undertakings are also considerable. From 1957 to 1966, there were nearly 1.4 million graduates from higher education institutions and about 2.11 million graduates from secondary professional schools, 4.9 times and 2.4 times as many as in 1950 and 1956, respectively. Medical and health institutions have increased significantly, and the national urban and rural health and medical network has basically taken shape. Between 1957 and 1965, the number of medical and health institutions in the country increased from 122954 to 224266, the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people increased from 0.46 to 1.06, and the number of doctors per 1,000 people increased from 0.85 to 1.05. Diseases such as smallpox, cholera, schistosomiasis, malaria, plague and other diseases that seriously endanger people's health have either been exterminated or effectively prevented.
In October 1964, the large-scale musical and dance epic "Dongfang Hong" was premiered at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. This is the third "Ten Thousand Waters and Thousand Mountains" of "Dongfang Hong" with the theme of the Red Army's Long March. Xinhua News Agency photo
The number of cultural, artistic and cultural relics units in the country increased from 14,408 in 1956 to 27,210 in 1965. In the past 10 years, he has created and performed a large number of outstanding literary and artistic works. Such as the novel "Song of Youth", "History of Entrepreneurship", the film and stage drama "Red Detachment of Women", "Sentinel under Neon Lights", the opera "Sister Jiang" and so on. The large-scale musical and dance epic "Dongfang Hong" is a classic of this period.
Great strides have been made in the economic and cultural construction of ethnic minority areas. In many places, some large modern industrial bases have been built, ending the history of no modern industry in ethnic areas. A number of institutions of higher learning have been established in ethnic minority areas, and all kinds of specialized personnel needed for local construction have been trained.
In the past ten years, China has trained a large number of specialized personnel needed for the cause of governing the party and the country and the army and socialist construction, most of whom have become the backbone force in all aspects of the cause of reform, opening up, and modernization. Party building has been strengthened and the ranks of the Party have been further developed. The number of party members nationwide grew from 10.73 million in 1956 to 18.95 million in 1965.
What is worthy of pride is that while the party has led the people to make arduous explorations and made tremendous achievements in socialist construction, it has also achieved a tremendous harvest in spiritual strength. The people of all ethnic groups in our country have thrown themselves into the fierce socialist construction, a large number of advanced models and heroic and exemplary figures have emerged, and countless magnificent poems that have changed the world and the earth have been written, forming a spirit of the times that spans time and space and is time-lasting.
Source: Xinhua Net
Editor: Huang Yixin
Editor-in-charge: Wang Hui
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