Xiqu is a treasure of Chinese culture and the crystallization of Chinese culture. As an important part of Chinese culture. During the 2008 period, there were only 220 common types of opera in China, and another 170 types of dramas were no longer common or even disappeared. In order to inherit this intangible cultural heritage, nowadays, drama has been popularized on campus.
So in the context of vigorously promoting opera and protecting opera - have you ever seen opera? Do you have an impression of the costumes of the opera? Every time I watch the play and listen to the play, I am very curious, some characters appear, what is the long strip that dangles on the big helmet? The opera actor's smile, pick and turn, the long strip seems to be given the function of emotional expression.
This strip is called the lingzi, also known as the "pheasant plume", a traditional opera helmet ornament, and also the soul and basic skill of the opera costume. Lingzi Gong is one of the stunts of Pu opera and one of the basic skills of opera performance. #山东碧海 #
The two wings inserted in the helmet, generally about five or six feet long, in addition to the decorative role, but also through the dance of the plume, make many beautiful body movements, in order to express the mood and demeanor of the characters. The foot colors of sheng, dan, net and ugly are all used, and xiaosheng use the most, so there is a line of "pheasant tail sheng" ("plume sheng").
The plume used on the opera stage is made of the long tail of the white-crowned long-tailed pheasant, usually between four and five feet, and there is a very exquisite plume, which is the size of "sixty-four flowers". This kind of "sixty-four golden flowers" plume, which is very rare today, refers to a plume with sixty-four different patterns on it, which is about 6 feet long.
The role of being able to wear this kind of plume on the stage, the "Peking Opera Knowledge Manual" published by Tianjin Education Publishing House once wrote, "On the Peking Opera stage, how is the plume used?" Generally speaking, civilian officials and some solemn or orthodox generals and marshals do not use plumes. For example, Yue Fei and Qin Qiong are generals, but they do not wear plumes on their heads. So, which kind of character wears a plume? There are several characters that can be roughly summarized:
The first is a handsome, handsome young general. Such as Lü Bu, Zhou Yu, Yang Zongbao, Yang Zaixing and so on.
The second type is some strong and graceful female generals with strong martial arts. For example, roles such as Mu Guiying, Fan Lihua, Liu Jinding, and Hu Sanniang. #职业装专家 #
The third is the so-called Fanwang Fan general outside the Han people. For example, Meng Yue in "Seven Captures of Meng", Jin Wushu in "Picking Hua Che" and so on.
The fourth is the ancient rebel leader or grass hero, commonly known as the cottage king. For example, Cheng Yaojin in "Wagangzhai", Chen Youyi in "Zhan Taiping", Song Jiang and Lu Junyi in the Water Margin drama, and Dou Erdun in "Serial Set".
The fifth is the gods, demons, and ghosts. For example, the leopard essence in "Golden Leopard", the white bone essence in "Three Dozen White Bone Essences", the jellyfish in "Sizhou City" and the giant spirit gods in "Haunted Heavenly Palace", etc., which can show their miraculous powers and boundless mana.
The sixth is some warlords belonging to unorthodox dynasties. For example, Cao Cao and Sun Quan were not regarded as orthodox by the people, and their generals such as Xiahou Yuan in "Dingjun Mountain" and Lü Meng in "Walking Maicheng" all wore plumes.
The seventh type is very special - the executioner in the play. Such as the executioner of the law field in "June Snow". There is also the King of Grass Chicken (not the leader of the real uprising, but the king of Zhanshan who plagues the people). Insert only one plume. This is a pejorative connotation.
So what is the origin of this lingzi, which is very important in opera costumes? It's impossible to look into it now. In ancient times, there were actually many plumes used in clothing, such as the grade feathers on the top hats of Qing Dynasty officials, also known as the top wearing flower feathers, but most of the peacock tail hairs or ospreys used here, in the late Qing Dynasty, this feathers can also be purchased with silver money. Some people also say that during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, military generals also had feathers on their helmets, which was a kind of pheasant plume.
There is also a theory that the plume evolved from the double oriole tail on the crown of the osprey. The Book of later Han Dynasty and the Zhixia of Public Opinion writes: "The Wuguan, commonly known as the Great Crown, is a ring of no ferns, with the green system as a silk, with a double tail, vertical left and right, for the crown cloud." The five senses, the left and right tigers, the yulin, the five middle lang generals, and the yulin left and right supervisors are all crowned with a crown and a single coat. ”
In the Warring States Qin and Han Dynasties, the crown of the osprey was already very popular as the crown hat of the military attaché, and in archaeology, there were frequent figures riding horses carrying swords and wearing armor, wearing Ben on their heads, and inserting double osprey tails on their heads. Its appearance is also somewhat similar to the helmet in the opera.
Although it is impossible to examine in too much detail, the relationship between the head of the crown and the upper plume of the opera helmet, but this does not affect our appreciation of the wonderful performance brought to us by the combination of the opera actor and the plume. The costumes and costumes inherited from China have never been simple forms and items, it is a inheritance, but also the transmission of the spirit of the previous generation, and in the future, I hope that more people will walk into the opera scene, listen to the crisp singing words, feel the entertainment life of the ancients, and take a serious look at the beauty of the opera costumes.
If you also have the knowledge of clothing and clothing that you want to know, you can leave a message to Xiaohai, and we will explore the origin of Chinese clothing and clothing together.
In addition, here to mention a small change, ancient Chinese clothing knowledge and Chinese clothing knowledge will be classified according to two contents, ancient clothing knowledge mainly talks about ancient costume customs and clothing knowledge that has not been passed down or not passed down. Knowledge of Chinese clothing and clothing will include modern clothing, or the content of clothing passed down from generation to generation. Here's a big distinction for the reader.
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