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On April 15, 1912, the British luxury passenger ship Titanic sank during its maiden voyage by hitting an iceberg, killing more than 1,500 people. On the eve of the First World War, this tragedy shocked the world.
Everyone's understanding of the Titanic basically stays on that touching love movie. And little is known about what is behind the Titanic shipwreck! The story of the Titanic's shipwreck is far better than the movie! And the Titanic's first voyage hit an iceberg, and it was no accident.
The story begins with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. With the development of major industrial technologies such as steel and steam power, the first ocean-going passenger ships appeared in the 1840s. At sea, the speed and large size of these new ships create a cheap international travel and shipping market.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the transatlantic passenger trade was lucrative and competitive. At that time, two shipping companies, Chunard and White Star, were in a full-scale war over the lucrative shipping control.
In 1907, Cunard introduced two of the world's fastest ships, the Mauritania and the Lusitania. This put strong competitive pressure on White Star Shipping. Blues Ismay, the owner of the White Star Shipping Company, sold the company's shares to J. Ismay in 1902. P. Morgan. In order to get into the shares smoothly, Morgan pulled his good friend James Piri into the shares. So the three became partners. James Piri happens to be the owner of the Belfast Shipyard, and there are several large companies such as Harlan Wolff, which can be described as strong.
One evening in 1907, Ismay and Piri met for dinner. The two of them worked together over dinner with a plan to beat the speed of The Crown in a luxurious way. They plan to launch three new luxury Olympic-class passenger ships, including the Olympic and Brittany and, of course, the most important protagonist, the Titanic.
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With the opening of the London Olympics in 1908, construction of the Titanic began shortly thereafter. The ship was designed by Pari's Harlan Wolf Shipyard, led by Thomas Andrews, who also happened to be James Piri's nephew. Andrews started out as an apprentice before becoming chief designer and rose to fame for his innovative designs. The Titanic was an engineering marvel at the time, costing £75 million, displacement of up to 52,000 tonnes and 882 feet long. The ship was very powerful, and the engine generated a whirlpool that could suck nearby ships into destruction.
Much attention has been paid to the Titanic's 16 watertight cabins, which could theoretically protect ships from the waves. This led many people at the time to claim that the Titanic was a giant ship that would not sink.
On 31 May 1911, the Titanic was launched at wolf shipyard in Northern Ireland. The following year, the Titanic began to be outfitted, and the work inside the hull was carried out in an orderly manner. Engine machines and various equipment are loaded onto the ship, and the interior spaces are luxuriously decorated. Ships generally carry a high risk on their maiden voyage. Ismay, the owner of the White Star Company, chose Edward Smith as his first captain for safety reasons.
Edward Smith has extensive sailing experience and is extremely prestigious in ocean voyages, known as the "Millionaire Captain".
On 10 April 1912, in the presence of Edward Smith, the Titanic began its maiden voyage from Southampton. That evening, the Titanic docked in Cherbourg, France, where passengers and supplies were delivered, including John Jacob Astor, the world's richest man at the time, and Molly Brown, a socialite. Because the Titanic is simply too big to fit the port of the city. After a short stop, head to Queenstown, Ireland, before departing for New York City with about 2,200 passengers.
As it sailed at sea, the Titanic demonstrated the speed and luxury of the designer's promise of power. The turbo engine drives the main propeller, and the two reciprocating engines drive the side propellers. Each engine produces 15,000 horsepower. These engines are powered by 29 boilers, each containing at least 3 furnaces. A group of workers in the boiler room send about 600 tons of coal into the furnace every day. The boiler room was ventilated by the Titanic's huge funnel, one of which was non-functional for aesthetic reasons.
Many companies pay ocean-going ships to transport their cargo. Titanic's cargo list includes 63 cases of champagne, 15 boxes of rabbit hair, 2 boxes of floor clocks and a Renault car. The Titanic also transports mail for the British government. Five postal workers sorted 3,400 bags and 7 million pieces of mail in the mail room.
Squash courts, swimming pools and hammam are for first class passengers only. The Titanic's heated pool is the world's first heated pool. The ship's hospital is more advanced than most hospitals on land, with two full-time doctors and an operating room. First Class passengers can also enjoy coffee and afternoon tea on deck, as well as an à la carte service.
The class of rooms on board is different, with the third category of rooms accommodating up to six people and located on the lower floors. Passengers in second class live in a single or double room in the middle of the ship. The first class rooms were all luxurious with telephone and heating. The Titanic's four living room suites include a living room, bedroom and private promenade deck. The first-class dining room is in the Jacobin style, while the lounge is modeled after the Palace of Versailles.
The magnificent staircase is the Titanic's most iconic feature, which has a domed ceiling made of steel and glass depicting figures crowned with honor and glory. The titanic's radio was one of the most powerful at sea at the time. Communications as far as 2500 miles. Throughout the voyage, radio correspondents Jack Phillips and Harold Brad often received iceberg warnings, many of which had been passed on to the bridge. The radio operator is the British communications giant Marconi, but its main business is to convey information to passengers.
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On the night of April 14, the Titanic entered waters known to have icebergs. Captain Smith changed course slightly, turning south, but maintaining a 22 knot high speed. At 9:40 p.m., the nearby steamship Mesaba issued an icefield warning, but the message was never transmitted to the bridge. At 10:55 p.m., the nearby California sent a message saying it had stopped sailing after being surrounded by glaciers. But this important information was ignored by the radio correspondent, who was busy processing the passengers' information and reprimanded the California not to disturb him.
By 11 p.m., Captain Smith had not slowed down the Titanic. According to some later survivors, the captain did not slow down because he was urged by his boss, Ismail. Ismay, the owner of the Titanic, wanted to arrive in New York a day early so the Titanic could be on the front page. Ismay did this to beat the competition, and the Titanic, if successful, could take control of shipping.
At 11:40 p.m., 400 nautical miles south of Newfoundland, a large iceberg was spotted. The co-pilot ordered the ship to turn right and reverse the engines, which effectively slowed down the Titanic's turning speed. The Titanic's starboard side scraped the iceberg, destroying 5 watertight compartments below the waterline. It is believed that a high-speed collision would cause more damage to fewer cabins and that the Titanic would survive. But ship designer Andrews immediately understood that more than 4 watertight cabins were filled with seawater and the Titanic would sink. The watertight cabin extends to the E deck, where the water will eventually overflow.
Captain Smith ordered the radio operator to send a distress signal, but did not order the ship's distress alarm to be sounded. The Titanic received a response from its sister, the Olympic, but was more than 500 miles away and was unable to come to the rescue in time. At 12:15 a.m., a response was received from the Temple Mount. It was 50 miles away, accelerating toward the Titanic, but was blocked by an ice sheet. At 12:20 a.m., the call was heard on the Cappasia, 58 miles away. However, the slower ship took more than 3 hours to reach the Titanic. When the Russian steamship Boma heard the Titanic's cry for help, it was 70 miles away from the Titanic, which was also too far away.
When the Titanic sank, the crew noticed a ship on the horizon. However, the mysterious ship did not respond and did not approach the sinking passenger ship. It is said that this is a Norwegian ship "Sampson", which is illegally hunting seals in the area. The nearby California was the Titanic's last hope, but the radio signal was turned off. It wasn't until the crew saw the Titanic's emergency flares that they woke up Captain Stanley Lorde. But the captain ordered the crew to respond using Morse light bulbs instead of radios. But they never heard a response from the Titanic.
There were 20 lifeboats on board the Titanic, enough to accommodate 1178 people, a little more than half the number of people on board. However, many lifeboats carry only 60% of the passengers and are put down early. At 2:18 a.m., the Titanic split in two. At 2:20, the stern sank to the bottom of the sea. 1500 people fell into the icy waters. By the time the lifeboats returned to save lives, 68 percent of the people aboard the Titanic were dead. 45% of first- and second-class passengers, 75% of third-class passengers, and 78% of the crew were shipwrecked at sea.
The Cappathia arrived at 3:30 a.m. and rescued 705 survivors from lifeboats about an hour after the Titanic sank. On April 18, the survivors of the Titanic arrived in New York city and were greeted by a large crowd. News of the sinking of the Titanic soon spread across the globe. Many rich and famous people of that era died in this tragedy, making this tragedy infinitely magnified. The Titanic's captain Smith and designer Andrews also died aboard the Titanic.
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Shortly after the accident, both the U.S. and British governments investigated the shipwreck. The U.S. Senate interviewed 80 survivors. It also accused the British Trade Bureau of not regulating the number of lifeboats on board. After the shipwreck, ships were forced to carry lifeboats that could accommodate enough passengers and maintain 24-hour radio surveillance, a new international iceberg monitoring service was born.
After the wreck of the Titanic, the British White Star Shipping Company, which belongs to it, was greatly affected. Owner Bruce Ismay retired in shame a year after the shipwreck. He hadn't thought that the Titanic had made headlines in this way. In 1935, the White Star Shipping Company was acquired by longtime rival Chunard Company.
Although interest in the Titanic will fade over time, it remains ingrained in the popular imagination. Then in 1985, the famous oceanographer Robert Ballard announced the discovery of the titanic wreckage. The Titanic was discovered by the Argo, a cutting-edge submersible equipped with a remote-controlled camera. On September 1, 1985, the first underwater image of the Titanic, located 13 miles from the coordinates of the sinking report, was taken at the bottom of the sea, and the wreckage was covered with rust.
Scientists speculate that over time, by 2030, the rust will dissolve the entire hull. According to current salvage technology, it is still impossible to salvage the Titanic. Besides, it has been sleeping for a hundred years, and it has reached the point where it can be transformed at the touch.
Let it sleep at the bottom of the sea forever, just like Ruth can't forget the sunken Jack, the Titanic will eventually live in people's hearts. It's like the love between Jack and Ruth, how touching and romantic, how evocative it is!