Author: Meng Qingyang (Associate Professor, School of Literature, History and Culture, Qiqihar University)
Liu Xun's "Wenxin Carved Dragon Ming Poem" Yun: "Generosity with arrogance, arrogance to make talent; create things with intentions, do not seek the ingenuity of refinement; drive words and appearances, only take the ability to show clarity." The same goes for it. The "same" mentioned here points out the distinct group characteristics of Jian'an's literary creation. The northeast streamers of the Qing Dynasty, who were exiled to the White Mountains and Black Water for various reasons, also had an inherent "sameness". They wrote moving poems with heartfelt pen and ink. Exile was unfortunate for the literati, but to some extent it had a positive significance for literary creation, and Sima Qian wrote in the Book of Baoren An: "King Gaiwen performed "Zhou Yi"; Zhongnie wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan's exile, Naifu "Leaving Sorrow"; Zuo Qiu was blind, and he had "Chinese"; Sun Tzu was on his feet, and the art of war was cultivated; Bu Wei Qian shu, the hereditary "Lü Lan"; Han Fei imprisoned Qin, "Speaking difficulty" and "Lonely Anger"; "Poems" three hundred pieces, most of which were the works of the sages who were angry. "The exiled literati in the northeast of the Qing Dynasty also created works that were more touching because of their painful experiences. Exiled to Shengjing, Li Chengxiang's "Gao Han Zhangzhi" poem Yun: "Broken hat rushed from the cold door, the end of the world shook hands at dusk." Poor sloppy classmates, thousands of miles looking for biting vegetable roots. Gao Hanzhang is Li Chengxiang's classmate, life is already sloppy, when he heard that Li Chengxiang was exiled to the northeast, he wore a torn hat from his hometown "thousands of miles to find each other", after getting together there is no delicious food, can only "bite the root", although eating wild vegetables, but this sweet friendship is always remembered.
Hao Yu was "spared death and exiled to Shengjing", and his poem "Sending Mr. Li Jijin Back to the Dynasty" reads: "Rushing the mud to send the horse to send the king to the line, looking back at the Yinzhou Baisensheng." All the way to the rivers and mountains to hear the holy will, seven years of wind and snow weeping friendship. The nest of milk swallows went through the clouds, hugging the tree and frightening the cicadas to roar in the rain. No one else also sent wine, and he was too lazy to see the spoon. The poem describes the scene when Li Chengxiang was pardoned back to the dynasty, riding a horse on a muddy road to bid farewell to his friend who had been with him for seven years in Shu, and now his best friend is like a "milk swallow nest", he can spread his wings and fly high, but he is like "holding a tree and frightening cicadas", and he is still guilty. And their other friend letter can be "too late to see the spoon" passed away, the former trip can only be a dream luxury. There is a cloud in Fang Gongqian's "Asking Hancha Disease": "The city is fighting about the disease, and the illness is small and deep." The whole family of the homeland believes, and the heart of the only son in the end of the world. It shows the cordial concern of the people of the exiled areas for Wu Zhaoqian, and it is precisely because the exiled literati have touched the local residents with their actual contributions and mingled with the local residents that the "allure of the city" will appear, providing a small example for the local ethnic integration at that time.
Lu Ji wrote in the "Wen Fu" Yun: "When obeying the fourth hour, he sighed and thought about all things; the sad leaves fell in the autumn, and the joyful soft strips were in the fangchun." "The fallen leaves of autumn and the soft branches of spring all become the external reliance of the poet to express his feelings of sorrow or joy. The winter climate in the northeast is harsh, and the wind and snow are raging. In the travel poems of the exiled literati in the northeast of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of poems describing "wind and snow", "frost", "ice cellar", "cold clouds" and so on appeared, such as Fang Dengyi's "Guest Words Bu Kui Han Even Answer": "Afraid of cold and hates guests say cold edges, snow and frost threaten to hang in the corners of their mouths." The bondage is concerned about the first self, because people ask for heat and pity on whom. Born cold bones to fight for the land, fight to the ground and try the sky. The fire still leaves tears in the ice cellar, and there is no hunger and kiss with felt. The objects such as "cold edge", "snow frost threat", "ice cellar" and "relic felt" in the poem are interlinked with each other, showing Bu Kui's intimidating external living environment. In the author's seemingly broad verses, in fact, it is not difficult for us to feel the author's coldness in other places. Sun Yang's "Reply to Chen Qinian" poem Yun: "Yinzhou has been frosted for half a year, and the grass in the spring is not fragrant." Mo said that the yellow dragon flowers are like brocade, and the exotic customs are always desolate. "Chen Qinian, that is, Chen Weisong." Silver State, in the area of today's Tieling. Silver State is under the cover of frost for most of the year, and after spring has passed, it is still an endless deserted sand field, which inevitably arouses the poet's feeling that "foreign customs and things are always desolate". Through these poetic descriptions, it is not difficult to find that the description of the external scene has been internalized into the expression of the author's feelings, and has played a lyrical effect of "writing sorrow with mournful scenes".
The exchange between exiled foreign scribes has formed a distinct group, but for the vast number of scholars who are deeply influenced by the tradition of relocating to the land, the loneliness of "being a stranger in a foreign land" has always lingered in their hearts. Sun Yang's "Xin Ugly Chinese New Year's Eve Tongren Shou Nian" Yun: "The lone lamp double tears shine on the cold, and the tears are exhausted." Brother Wanli has a sense of death, and his children have been separated for three years. The fiber curtain sits on the cold smoke oven, and the ruined wall idles to watch the wild burning. The same encounter with the different years of reward, the west neighbor beat the drum and blow the sheng. "The lunar calendar Chinese New Year's Eve's vigil was originally a happy time for the whole family to gather together to welcome the new year, but the poet faced the lone lamp, sat on the smoker, looked at the Chinese New Year's Eve through the broken wall to meet the fire burned by the gods, and spent the cold long night alone in tears. In the face of the same years, the state of mind of the appreciating person is completely different, and the poet under the background of "the west neighbor beats the drum and blows the sheng" makes us feel the loneliness and sadness of the exiled poet.
Because the exiled literati have a relatively deep academic cultivation, most of them are treated with courtesy by the officials of the exile area, and their lives are relatively free, but their true feelings buried deep in their hearts are best interpreted by the sentences in the poems. Wu Zhaoqian, known as the "Three Phoenixes of Jiangzuo", wrote in the "Accompanying Princes to Drink the Residence of the Great General Ba": "Jiaxing South Building Yue Zhengxin, Sen Shen Xi stayed at night. The first snow flies in the mantle of the hearth, and the fencing cup does not dust. The four dressed people who are guests, for a while to participate in the literati. The brown coat has long been ashamed of the beads, and does not dare to sing and spit on Jinyin. At the reception banquet of bahai, the general of the Eight Banners of the Ninguta region, "the literati who attended the scribes" showed that Bahai attached great importance to the scribes, but the author was "brown-clothed for a long time ashamed of the beads", ashamed of himself, and there was a clear boundary between himself and the prominent nobles who trampled on the "beads". From this, we can see that although the exiled scribes were warmly entertained because of their own talents, the psychological wounds caused by the exile were still difficult to erase, and the psychology of the lowly people represented by the "brown clothes" appeared in the minds of the exiles from time to time. This psychological change needs to be gradually alleviated in the process of long-term interaction with friends and indigenous peoples. Ji Kaisheng's "Sending Mr. Zuo DaLai to The Funeral" has clouds: "Deserted platform crying birds surround pine cypress, waste garden cold cloud lock col." The attempted first mound must be buried shallowly, so that the dry bones can be left for Embo. "Waiting for the favor of the emperor and returning home after pardoning the bones is the wish of the exiled scribes." Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine that in the eyes of the exiled scribes, even if they cannot return to their hometown as they wish when they are born, then they must "leave their bones and bones for Enbo", and the leaves must always return to their roots, which is the best destination.
Guangming Daily (2020.09.11. 16th edition)