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Too sleepy in the afternoon? Come and have a cup of coffee to keep you alive.
Catch up on the project in the evening, work overtime for a while, the coffee is ready.
However, after drinking coffee, I was still sleepy, and I couldn't stay up for an hour, so I went to sleep.
Why do some people drink a little coffee and can't sleep all night anxiously at night.
How can the difference between people be so big? It's really puzzling....
Is it related to genes?
Haha, there is really such a gene, which affects the body's ability to metabolize caffeine.
And the more of this gene in your body, the better your tolerance for caffeine and the stronger your ability to metabolize caffeine.
Let's find out
Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2 gene
Individuals vary greatly, and each of us has different absorption and metabolic capacity for different substances.
For example, in coffee, in the human body, there are many genes that affect the ability of caffeine to absorb and metabolize, such as CYP1A2, AHR, and CYP2C9.
The rate at which we break down caffeine also determines the half-life of caffeine in the human system.
Among them, the most influential, the most important caffeine metabolism enzyme is it - CYP1A2 gene.
(CYP1A2 gene fragment)
What is the CYP1A2 gene
Cytochrome P450 1A2, or CYP1A2 for short, is a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system and is an important detoxification enzyme.
Involved in the metabolism of heterobiotics in the human body, it can break down toxic chemicals, drugs, hormones and other metabolites in the human body and remove them from the body.
It is found primarily in the liver and accounts for about 13% of all CYP proteins.
Also, the CYP1A2 enzyme is responsible for more than 95% of the primary metabolism of caffeine.
In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the CYP1A2 gene.
Currently, there are about 60 kinds of CYPs responsible for metabolizing bile, drugs and toxins in the human body.
While smoking and certain cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli) can induce this enzyme, which speeds up metabolism, drugs such as amiodarone (a cardiac drug) and ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) inhibit it.
For example, smoking induces the production of the CYP1A2 gene, which accelerates the metabolism of caffeine.
Smokers metabolize (decompose) caffeine faster than non-smokers, in layman's terms, that is, "smoking guns" drinking coffee will not have much effect, which we will have an article dedicated to later.
What role does the CYP1A2 gene do
So what is the role of this enzyme? CYP1A2 enzyme is an important detoxification enzyme.
It affects the metabolism of substrates (substances involved in biochemical reactions that can be formed by enzymatic action), such as melatonin, estradiol (estrogen), certain toxins (such as aromatic heterocyclic amines), cardiac (cardiac drugs), caffeine and antidepressants, and some atypical antipsychotics.
For coffee, the CYP1A2 enzyme is its most important caffeine metabolism enzyme.
Genetic variants in the human body may determine up to 75% of CYP1A2 enzyme activity, affecting caffeine metabolism.
CYP1A2 enzyme is metabolized with caffeine
CYP1A2 genotype
Among the CYP1A2 genes, one of the most studied single nucleotide genetic polymorphismSNPs is rs762551 (also known as -163C>A or CYP1A2*1F).
This genetic polymorphism affects the activity of the CYP1A2 enzyme, which determines how the body responds to caffeine.
There are two possible variants of this gene (alleles): "A" and "C", where "A" is associated with higher "inductivity", meaning that the CYP1A2 enzyme becomes more active in the presence of inducers such as caffeine or cigarette smoke; "C" is associated with lower "inducibility".
There are 3 total genotype combinations:
AA ' (0.57): "Rapid metabolizers", if you are a combination of "AA" genotypes, then that means that the body will process caffeine and other substances metabolized by that gene more quickly. It can break down caffeine more quickly, and caffeine has less effect on the body.
AC' (1.67): "Slow metabolizer", who breaks down caffeine more slowly and has a greater effect on the body;
CC ' (1.67): "Slow metabolizers", who break down caffeine more slowly and have a greater impact on the body.
That is, if your genotype combination is "AC" or "CC," it means that the body processes caffeine and other substances metabolized by the CYP1A2 enzyme more slowly, and they have a greater impact on the body.
Effects of caffeine on different genotypes
Therefore, the same amount of caffeine, the negative impact on CYP1A2 slow metabolizers, often greater than the negative impact on fast metabolizers!
The study found that about 59% of people are people with slow caffeine metabolism.
In other words, most people in life may not be able to drink coffee "as they please".
And, if it is a slow metabolizer, then it indicates that the processing of caffeine is slower. As a result, caffeine may have a more long-lasting excitatory effect.
Slow metabolizers may also be affected to a higher degree by the side effects of caffeine intake, such as insomnia, anxiety, stomach upset, and so on. There is also evidence that slow metabolizers are associated with an increased risk of nonfatal heart attack and/or high blood pressure.
Therefore, slow metabolizers may need to carefully limit caffeine intake according to their own individual responses.
If it is a fast metabolizer, the body processes caffeine at a faster rate.
Therefore, for fast-metabolizers, coffee (independent of other risk factors) does not increase the risk of heart attack and high blood pressure, and it is relatively safe to drink coffee while feeling the antioxidant and biologically active properties brought by coffee.
The study found that people carrying two copies of the CYP1A2*1A gene may break down caffeine four times faster than people carrying the CYP1A2*1C gene.
If you're curious about how your body reacts to caffeine, it's recommended to do the relevant genetic tests and then adjust your daily caffeine intake.
But one thing is that the body's ability to metabolize caffeine is not just about genes.
It can also be influenced by other factors, such as your diet, stress level, sleep, or activity level, which can all affect your response to caffeine.
The amount of time of day you drink coffee, whether you smoke or whether you take hormones may also have an impact.
That said, regardless of your genes, you may still be adversely affected by caffeine, hahaha.
Key Skinny Dragon said
If you can't drink coffee at all, or how to drink coffee is useless.
You can only sigh, "Admit it", hahaha.
Because, everyone's tolerance to caffeine is different, some people are very sensitive to caffeine, may drink a little bit of insomnia, and some people really drink more useless.
If you can't drink it, drink less, if you can tolerate it, it doesn't matter if you drink a little more appropriately, coffee has a good antioxidant effect.
If you want to know how well your coffee is tolerated, you can do a genetic test.
Of course, regardless of your tolerance to caffeine, it is not recommended to consume too much coffee per day, such as more than 4 cups, nor is it recommended to drink a lot of coffee too late.
The last thing is to try not to drink sugar-sweetened coffee.